1. Unit 3: Organisation, Globalisation and the resulting environments

5. Changing Environments Environmental Change Environmental Complexity Resource Scarcity Uncertainty Characteristics of Changing External Environments

7. Punctuated Equilibrium: U.S. Airline Industry

9. Resource Scarcity Resource Scarcity The degree to which an organization’s external environment has an abundance or scarcity of critical organisational resources

10. Natural Resources There is general concern over the scarcity of natural resources. Companies like Weyerhauser work extra hard to correct the misperception that they are "using up" valuable resources. In fact, through careful planning and good management, Weyerhauser is able to both guarantee its lumber resources and be a good environmental steward.

11. Uncertainty

12. External Environment

15. Technological Component Information Output Input Technology-- Knowledge Tools Techniques Raw Materials Services Products

16. Impact of Technology Technology can be a great benefit or a daunting threat. MP3 players have created a tremendous new business opportunity for some, like Apple, Creative, and other manufacturers. But record labels have suffered from the rapid acceptance of digital music and persistent file swapping.

19. Specific Environment Customer Competitor Supplier Industry Regulation Advocacy Group

20. Customer Component Monitoring customer wants and needs is critical for business success Reactive customer monitoring: responding to problems, trends, and events Proactive customer monitoring: anticipating problems, trends, and events

22. Supplier Component Opportunistic Behavior Suppliers Buyer Dependence Supplier Dependence Relationship Behavior

23. Supplier Dependence

28. Advocacy Groups Examples The Body Shop has emphasised its support for a wide range of issues around the globe. Its slogans included: Against Animal Testing, Support Community Trade, Activate Self Esteem, Defend Human Rights, and Protect Our Planet. PETA is a well-known advocacy group that attempts to influence consumers and companies to pursue animal-friendly practices.

29. Making Sense of Changing Environments Acting on Threats and Opportunities Interpreting Environmental Factors Environmental Scanning Evaluating External Environments

32. Acting on Threats and Opportunities

34. Successful Organisational Cultures Employee Satisfaction Quality Consistency Adaptability Involvement Clear Vision Sales Growth Return on Assets Profits

36. Changing Organisational Cultures Behavioral addition : is the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior Behavioral substitution : is having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior Change visible artifacts : such as the office design and layout, company dress codes, etc.