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eParticipation in Administrative
Procedures
Alexander Prosser
This presentation is based on research commissioned by the Austrian Federal Chancellery
http://e-voting.at




 Why eParticipation in Administrative Procedures ?




                                                     2
http://e-voting.at



 The Story of “Stuttgart 21”
                               Conversion of ground-level terminus
                               to sub-terrestrial pass-through station

                               1994/5 Feasibility study

                               1995 Framework contract

                               1996/7 Environmental Impact
                               Assessment, 13,700 complaints

                               2009 All legal requirements and
                               financing ready
    Source: wikipedia.org

                                                              3
http://e-voting.at



 The Story of “Stuttgart 21” (cont.)
                                             2011 Building phase started

                                             Massive / violent protests

                                             Grass roots movement via
                                              facebook, twitter etc.

                                             New government voted in
                                              (Green PM for Baden-Württembg.)

                                             Mediation by Heiner Geißler


    Source: wikipedia.org, schwaebische.de
                                                                           4
http://e-voting.at



 The Story of “Stuttgart 21” (cont.)
      Mediation mainly fact finding

      Before mediation:               After mediation:
             26% pro                          54% pro
             51% against                      38% against

      Source: wikipedia.org


      Transparency essential in communicating large-scale projects

      => Referendum to be held


                                                                     5
http://e-voting.at


 EU Legislation

    Classical Administrative Law in many European
    Countries defines parties to the procedures and ...

    ... limits rights to parties to the procedures
    (hearing, appeals, access to files, ...)

    All other participants with limited legal position

    EU legislation blurs this distinction



                                                          6
http://e-voting.at


    Environmental Impact Assessment Directive
    2009/31/EG:

         Participation of the Public in
            - Procedures
            - Appeals procedures in court

         “at an early stage”

         incl. NGO

    Relevant decisions by European Court of Justice
    in AT, DE, UK and others

                                                      7
http://e-voting.at



    25.7.2008 C-237/07 “Janecek”

    Submission by German Administrative Court:

    “where there is a risk that the emission limit values
    […] may be exceeded, persons directly concerned
    must be in a position to require the competent
    national authorities to draw up an action plan.
    [...]
    “Member States are obliged, subject to judicial review
    by the national courts, to take such measures …”



                                                             8
http://e-voting.at



    25.7.2008 C-237/07 “Janecek”
                                            Does that include me
    Submission by German Administrative    Court: City X once a
                                            visiting
                                            year ?

    “where there is a risk that the emission limit values
    […] may be exceeded, persons directly concerned
    must be in a position to require the competent
    national authorities to draw up an action plan.
    [...]
    “Member States are obliged, subject to judicial review
    by the national courts, to take such measures …”



                                                                   9
http://e-voting.at




      Demand for           EU Legislation
                     §§§
      transparency




                                            10
http://e-voting.at



 “Large Scale Procedures” in Austrian Law

  Edicts instead of individual notices possible
  Parties may inspect application and
      experts’ opinions

  Parties may lodge appeal
  Public hearing
  Oral procedures announced by edict, public
                                                   11
http://e-voting.at



 How may the Internet be used for

  Edicts
  Project presentation, review by the public
  Appeals
  Public hearing



                                                12
http://e-voting.at



 Edicts:

  Authentic
  Central address, alert services
  Offered by the authority, advertising-free,
      free of external links

  Accessible
  Open (and durable) format
                                                 13
http://e-voting.at



 Project Simulation:

  Who is concerned?
  How? To what extent?
  Objectification of the discussion
  Fewer attendees in physical hearing(?)



                                            14
http://e-voting.at




 Plot data




Simulation
 models




                     15
http://e-voting.at




          I = F((x,y), P, U)




                               16
http://e-voting.at



 Appeals / referenda:

  Authentic
          Digital Signature / eID
          Identity provider Government
                    Web Services / SAML

          Identity Provider Private
          Trusted eMail Provider
                                           17
http://e-voting.at



 Voting:

  Unlike political decision making, administrative
      procedures not typical voting case

  Very large scale projects in public sphere
      may end in referendum



  Identification crucial

                                                      18
http://e-voting.at



Public Hearing:

 Transmission of video live feed
           Privacy?

           Self-conscious reaction of participants not used to public speech?

 Enabling questions from outside the hearing
           Strike a fair balance between external and physical attendees

           Avoid spam

                                                                       19
http://e-voting.at



Benefits:

 Better involvement of public in procedures
 Timely involvement – not after the fact
 Faster project realization


 If people are concerned about a project, they will
    organise, the question is ...

                                                   20
http://e-voting.at




   .. via a system offered by the authorities
         conducting the procedures



         or ...




                                                21
http://e-voting.at




                     22
http://e-voting.at




Alexander Prosser
Univ. Economics and Business, Vienna
prosser@wu.ac.at
http://e-voting.at




                                       23

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[2011] eParticipation in Administrative Procedures - Alexander Prosser

  • 1. eParticipation in Administrative Procedures Alexander Prosser This presentation is based on research commissioned by the Austrian Federal Chancellery
  • 2. http://e-voting.at Why eParticipation in Administrative Procedures ? 2
  • 3. http://e-voting.at The Story of “Stuttgart 21” Conversion of ground-level terminus to sub-terrestrial pass-through station 1994/5 Feasibility study 1995 Framework contract 1996/7 Environmental Impact Assessment, 13,700 complaints 2009 All legal requirements and financing ready Source: wikipedia.org 3
  • 4. http://e-voting.at The Story of “Stuttgart 21” (cont.) 2011 Building phase started Massive / violent protests Grass roots movement via facebook, twitter etc. New government voted in (Green PM for Baden-Württembg.) Mediation by Heiner Geißler Source: wikipedia.org, schwaebische.de 4
  • 5. http://e-voting.at The Story of “Stuttgart 21” (cont.) Mediation mainly fact finding Before mediation: After mediation: 26% pro 54% pro 51% against 38% against Source: wikipedia.org Transparency essential in communicating large-scale projects => Referendum to be held 5
  • 6. http://e-voting.at EU Legislation Classical Administrative Law in many European Countries defines parties to the procedures and ... ... limits rights to parties to the procedures (hearing, appeals, access to files, ...) All other participants with limited legal position EU legislation blurs this distinction 6
  • 7. http://e-voting.at Environmental Impact Assessment Directive 2009/31/EG: Participation of the Public in - Procedures - Appeals procedures in court “at an early stage” incl. NGO Relevant decisions by European Court of Justice in AT, DE, UK and others 7
  • 8. http://e-voting.at 25.7.2008 C-237/07 “Janecek” Submission by German Administrative Court: “where there is a risk that the emission limit values […] may be exceeded, persons directly concerned must be in a position to require the competent national authorities to draw up an action plan. [...] “Member States are obliged, subject to judicial review by the national courts, to take such measures …” 8
  • 9. http://e-voting.at 25.7.2008 C-237/07 “Janecek” Does that include me Submission by German Administrative Court: City X once a visiting year ? “where there is a risk that the emission limit values […] may be exceeded, persons directly concerned must be in a position to require the competent national authorities to draw up an action plan. [...] “Member States are obliged, subject to judicial review by the national courts, to take such measures …” 9
  • 10. http://e-voting.at Demand for EU Legislation §§§ transparency 10
  • 11. http://e-voting.at “Large Scale Procedures” in Austrian Law  Edicts instead of individual notices possible  Parties may inspect application and experts’ opinions  Parties may lodge appeal  Public hearing  Oral procedures announced by edict, public 11
  • 12. http://e-voting.at How may the Internet be used for  Edicts  Project presentation, review by the public  Appeals  Public hearing 12
  • 13. http://e-voting.at Edicts:  Authentic  Central address, alert services  Offered by the authority, advertising-free, free of external links  Accessible  Open (and durable) format 13
  • 14. http://e-voting.at Project Simulation:  Who is concerned?  How? To what extent?  Objectification of the discussion  Fewer attendees in physical hearing(?) 14
  • 16. http://e-voting.at I = F((x,y), P, U) 16
  • 17. http://e-voting.at Appeals / referenda:  Authentic  Digital Signature / eID  Identity provider Government  Web Services / SAML  Identity Provider Private  Trusted eMail Provider 17
  • 18. http://e-voting.at Voting:  Unlike political decision making, administrative procedures not typical voting case  Very large scale projects in public sphere may end in referendum  Identification crucial 18
  • 19. http://e-voting.at Public Hearing:  Transmission of video live feed  Privacy?  Self-conscious reaction of participants not used to public speech?  Enabling questions from outside the hearing  Strike a fair balance between external and physical attendees  Avoid spam 19
  • 20. http://e-voting.at Benefits:  Better involvement of public in procedures  Timely involvement – not after the fact  Faster project realization  If people are concerned about a project, they will organise, the question is ... 20
  • 21. http://e-voting.at .. via a system offered by the authorities conducting the procedures or ... 21
  • 23. http://e-voting.at Alexander Prosser Univ. Economics and Business, Vienna prosser@wu.ac.at http://e-voting.at 23