This document discusses how the built environment impacts health by influencing access to resources and levels of exposure. It describes several research initiatives including Active Living Research, which studies how environmental factors and policies affect physical activity. The Physical Activity Location Measurement System (PALMS) is presented, which uses sensors and GPS to collect data on individuals' physical activity, location, and environmental exposures over time. PALMS analyzes this data using GIS and provides visualization tools to study patterns and relationships between activity, location, and health outcomes.

1. Place and Health 1

2. Why We Care The built environment impacts health by impacting: Access & Exposure 2

3. Access 3

4. Exposure 4

5. Active Living Research Established in 2001, ALR supports research to identify environmental factors and policies that influence physical activity. Administered by San Diego State University Research Foundation. Led by Dr. James Sallis 5

6. Genes & Environment Initiative The Genes and Environment Initiative is a five-year, NIH-wide effort to identify the genetic and environmental basis of asthma, diabetes, cancer, and other common illnesses SENSORS SYSTEMS ANALYTICS 6

7. Physical Activity Location Measurement System 7

8. The PALMS Story PALMS SYSTEM ANA L Y S I S GIS LOCATION Data Processing Merging & Calculations INDIVIDUALS BEHAVIOR SENSING TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS User Interface TIME Web-based ENVIRONMENT EXPOSURE System Architecture VIZUALIZE Security & Sharing Add Data Sources Collaborate Study Creation Re-analyze Researcher Points of Entry 8

9. Sensors for Physical Activity, Location & Exposure Physical activity M – Actigraph M – Actical HR+M - Actiheart HR+M – Actitrainer HR+M+ respiration + skin temp – Bioharness Location - GPS DG-100 BT-335 Qstarz 1000 9

10. Accelerometers and heart rate monitors tell how active and when… 10

11. When combined with GPS, we also know where activity occurs Heart rate shown in Google Earth resting lightmoderatevigorous 11

12. When combined with GIS, we know the context in which activity occurs Heart rate shown in ESRI ArcGIS against land use 12

13. PALMS GPS Data Cleaning Before – Multi-story buildings generate noise After – Noise removedYellow = walking Orange = pausedGray circles = relative time at location 13

14. Indoor/Outdoor Detection with location clustering OutdoorsIndoors / In-vehicle Locations shown in gray 14

15. PALMS CVS Outputanalyzed by ArcGIS system Activity within parks by accelerometer count coded by intensity Activity within parks 15

16. PALMS is being designed for Data Sharing “… making data as widely and freely available as possible, while safeguarding the privacy of participants, and protecting confidential and proprietary data.” – NIH1 —Data related to your own specialty—Rare data — Clinical population data —Pooled data — Data promoting education —Test/training data — Calculations & visualizations —Protocols 1http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing/data_sharing_guidance.htm 16

17. Our Questions Large Data Sets Population vs. Individuals Time Dependence Visualizations Pattern Recognition 17

18. Ernesto Ramirez erramirez@ucsd.edu Fredric Raab fraab@ucsd.edu cwphs.ucsd.edu All photos via Flickr (Slide#/Flickr ID) 1/caveman_92223 2/CarbonNYC 3/mrbling 4/respres 5/soaptrail 6/gringod 17/oberazzi