Au sein d’un processus de conception, le designer peut intervenir sur près de 80% des impacts environnementaux du produit ou service développé.
Or, en matière de design durable, la Nature, forte de 3 milliards d'années d'expérience, est une source inépuisable d'inspiration pour les professionnels de la conception.
Séminaire UCM Greenloop - Design Biomimetique et Durable 2014
1. LES SECRETS DE LA NATURE
INSPIRENT L’ECO-DESIGN
Séminaire sur le Design
biomimétique et durable
Cellule éco-conception UCM
Bruxelles
7 octobre 2014
2. Sensibilisation
Accompagnements personnalisés aux PME brux.
Pour des solutions environnementales concrètes et
économiquement réalistes
Gratuitement !
Exemples d’outils développés :
Application ECOHAIR
Stand éco-conçus
Bonnes pratiques…
Traduction et impression de l’Ecolizer 2.0
Implication AEE
La Cellule éco-conception UCM
3. Phase de réflexions
design et de
conception
100%20 des
efforts
investis%
Impactsenvironnementaux
80%
Choixtechniques(coûts)
80%
Des
concepts
Des
idées
Source : Pôle éco-conception et management Cycle de vie
Une
solution
+
un
prototype
Des
produits
et des
services
finis
Des déchets
ou des
ressources ?
4. Interaction UCM - MAD
- Promotion du projet Triaxes (interaction des compétences)
- Travail commun sur l’AEE
Genèse du projet
Premier séminaire thématique
septembre 2013
- Visée inspiratrice via exemples du vivant
- Approche des Life’s principles comme clé
réflexive pour un design eco-responsable
Besoins exprimés :
- Méthodologie concrète pour approcher le
vivant et employer ses principes
- Exercices de manipulation des outils
disponibles
- Exemples de réalisation humaine
biomimétiques
5. Timing Parties
10 Genèse du projet
5 Agenda et objectifs et avertissements
10 Whole System Design - intro
15 Whole System Design - Lovins house example
20 Exercice sur les systèmes
10 Eco design - le cycle de vie du produits
15 Eco design - forme
15 Eco design - matières
5 Résumé des outils
40 Exercice s/ un objet
30 Debrief exerice
5 Q&R
Introduction, objectifs, et avertisseme
180 minutes
6. « Avertissement »
Public hétérogène et nous-même ne sommes pas
designers – Vision de la conception au sens large
Idée première : Approfondir l’ambition du premier
séminaire et répondre aux attentes exprimées
Méthodologie propre à caractère expérimental
Mise sur la participation et les retours :
en fin de séance (si le temps le permet)
au walking dinner
sur le questionnaire de satisfaction
17. The Whole Système Design – rmi.org
- Collaboration
- Goals
- Rewards
Source: www.rmi.org
19. Plantes « supérieures » ou aquariums ?
Coopération et innovation
« Life competes within a cooperative
framework »
20. 7
seealso
cards:
CO-CREATE WITH
SUPPLIERS &
CLIENTS
Do we ask customers feedback on a
regular basis? De we collaborate
with suppliers to build a better
product or service together?
Could we invite our clients to help
us develop better products and
services? Could we create more
synergies, like a forest? Could we
tab into collaborative consumption?
create win-win situations for
all
businessmodel&
organisation21
1
2
2
4
2
0
1
5
7
seealso
cards:
BUILD A
COMMON
PURPOSE
Do all the people within our
organization positively associates
themselves with our values and
purpose? Do our suppliers share
our purpose?
Can we get our clients to subscribe
to our purpose? Could they help us
promote it? Could we work with
likeminded stakeholders to enlarge
our impact?
align with stakeholder in your
ecosystem to work towards
a shared purpose
22
1
2
2
7
2
8
2
1
businessmodel&
organisation
« Pour un organisme vivant, se
maintenir en vie s’appuie autant
sur sa capacité de reliance avec
ses voisins que sur celle de
croître et de se reproduire »
Tom Wakeford, « Liaisons of Life »
22. The Whole Système Design – rmi.org
- End-use
- Cause or purpose
- Time and space
- Constraints
24. 7
seealso
cards:
MULTI-
FUNCTIONALIT
Y
Does our product or service meets
multiple needs that our customers
have? Can it be transformed into
something else? Does our
packaging serves multiple
functions?
Could our distribution channels
serve different purposes? Could
we increase the impact of our
positive externalities? Could our
meet multiple needs and fulfil
various functions with your
product or service
products&services
15
1
2
1
9
1
6
1
0
7
seealso
cards:
SELL
FUNCTIONALITY
What are the functions you
deliver? Are we sure to solve a
true customer pain or bring a real
gain?
Could our product or service
deliver an additional customer
experience because it is more
sustainable? Could we improve
our positive environmental impact
by delivering a better service or
first and foremost, satisfy a true
customer need
products&services
16
1
2
2
0
1
9
1
5
25. 7
seealso
cards:
CREATE MULTIPLE
REVENUE
STREAMS
What kind of ‘waste’ services or
products do we have that are not
given a commercial value at this
moment in time? Can we create a
new revenue stream out of these?
Can we find new customers
segment for these?
Could we ‘pay’ our suppliers with
our own services? Could we use our
excess time, space or capacity?
create more revenue streams
using your resources,
knowhow and waste
businessmodel&
organisation23
1
2
2
1
2
0
2
3
New revenue streams based on the
value of your waste will help you
SAVE COSTS.
Diversification in your revenue
streams will make you MORE
RESILIENT.
Scan this code to learn
more about inspiring
cases and dedicated
tools
The Songhai farm is a training
center for agro entrepreneurs
which experiment a biomimetic
agriculture. Every activity
(chicken farm, farmed fishes,
vegetables, mushrooms,
honey, biogas,…) is linked to
another one in a system where
wastes are cascading from
one to another. The whole
system offers a diversity of
revenues which makes it
economically resilient.
The Songhai farm
32. The Whole Système Design – rmi.org
- Clean sheet
- Cost tunneling
- Feedback
- Measured data
Source: www.rmi.org
33. 7
seealsocards: KEEP WATCH ON
YOUR
(ECO)SYSTEM
Are we well informed about changes in
our environment? New technologies?
Changing customers preferences?
Regulations? Do we understand its
impacts?
How could we better adapt and benefit
from change? How could we better
integrate the unexpected? Could we
adapt faster through self-organisation?
creatively use and respond to
change
businessmodel&organisation
27
1
2
2
1
2
6
2
8
7
seealsocards:
DECENTRALISE
INITIATIVES &
RESPONABILITIES
Do we stimulate self-organisation?
Does our company stimulate bottom-
up initiatives and creativity? Do we
have a leadership style that fosters
freedom and responsibility? Do we
cultivate a culture of trust?
Could we give more decision making
powers to those closed to the
problem? Could we make better use of
collective intelligence?
empower collaborators to make
decisions at local level
28
1
2
2
6
2
7
2
2
businessmodel&organisation
34. 7
seealso
cards:
WASTE =
VALUABLE
RESOURCE
Do we re-use our waste materials?
Is our waste of interest to
neighbouring companies? Do we
make our products out of recyclable
materials? Do we inform our
customers on how to recycle?
Could we build products on basis of
wasted resources? Could we up-
cycle? Could we make it easier for
customers to return used products?
Could we create a zero waste
business model and be part of the
waste does not exists; take a
circular approach
materials&
processes7
1
2
5
2
6
7
seealso
cards:
SUPPORT
BIODIVERSITY
Are we supporting biodiversity in
our direct environment? Are our
materials sourced with respect for
biodiversity? Do our resources
originate from monoculture? Do we
know our impact on biodiversity?
Could we communicate our impact
on biodiversity? Could we become
a company that restores and
improves biodiversity?
understand & manage your
impact on biodiversity
materials&
processes
8
1
2
2
6
9
4
35. 7
seealso
cards:
MINIMIZE USE
OF ENERGY &
WATER
Do we know where most energy and
water is used in the life cycle of our
products? Do we monitor energy and
water usage in our activities?
Could we reduce our unit price to
customers through our savings?
Could we help our customers reduce
their water and energy usage? Could
we work with our partners to help
reduce theirs?
minimize the quantity of
energy & water used
anywhere in your ecosystem
materials&
processes1
1
2
1
8
3
2
7
seealso
cards:
RE-CYCLE
ENERGY &
WATER
Do we re-use our ‘waste’ energy
or water in-house? Do we have
an idea of how much we could re-
cycle?
Could our neighbouring
businesses or partners re-use it?
Could we use water in a closed
loop? Could we recover rain
water for a specific usage?
re-cycle your own or others’
excess energy & water
materials&
processes
2
1
2
4
2
1
1
36. 7
seealsocards:
ECOLOGICAL
MATERIALS
Do we look for renewable
alternatives for the materials we
use? Do we look for material
sources that are organic? Do we use
water as primary solvent?
Could our products be
biodegradable? Could we use local
ecological materials?
use biodegradable materials
from renewable sources
materials&processes
5
1
2
6
4
8
7
seealsocards:
LOCAL SOURCING
& SUPPLY
Do we consider locally sourced
materials and resources?
Could we favour local customers
segments? Could offer complete
transparency to our customers?
Could we use local currencies for our
products or services?
work with what is
locally available
materials&processes
6
1
2
9
1
2
1
37. Utiliser les principes du vivant;
Pour déterminer le système autour de
quatre objets suivants:
- Casque
- Vélo;
- Cuisine;
- Choix de votre table;
Proposez une innovation systémique et
Expliquez comment vous avez intégré les
principes du vivant.
Moment pratique:
40. Une démarche multi-étapes et multi-critères
Eutrophisation
Toxicité
Impact
Consommation d’énergie non renouvelable
Consommation de ressources rares
Effet de Serre
Acidification
Ozone troposphérique
Ecotoxicité
Critèresd’Impact
Etapes du Cycle de Vie
41. Matériaux renouvelables
(32%)
Sans matériaux dangereux
(PVC, plomb, …).
Site certifié ISO 14001
Assemblage sans collage
Peinture en poudre sans COV
Réduction poids /
volume
Emballage éco-
conçu
Fabrication à
proximité clients /
Trajets optimisés
Durabilité (fiable, solide,
composant amovibles et
remplaçables, …)
Séparabilité des
matériaux facile
Recyclage à 99%
Pièces identifiées
pour faciliter le tri
Exemple de
la démarche
de
47. La peau du requin évite la résistance à l’eau et est
anti bactérienne
Multifonctionnalité
58. 7
seealso
cards:
OPT FOR
TRANSPAREN
CY
Do we know the environmental
and social conditions under which
our resources are sourced and
produced?
Could we give total transparency
about our products to clients? Are
our materials conflict free?
build transparency in your
products and services &
demand traceable resources
from your suppliers
products&services
9
1
2
2
7
8
6
7
seealso
cards:
DO MORE
WITH LESS
Can we achieve the same
function with less materials? Can
we use lighter materials? Can we
re-shape our product so it needs
less material?
Could we maybe replace our
products with a service ?
fit the form to the function
products&services
10
1
2
1
7
1
1
9
59. 7
seealsocards:
MINIMIZE USE OF
ENERGY & WATER
Do we know where most energy and
water is used in the life cycle of our
products? Do we monitor energy and
water usage in our activities?
Could we reduce our unit price to
customers through our savings? Could
we help our customers reduce their
water and energy usage? Could we
work with our partners to help reduce
theirs?
minimize the quantity of energy
& water used anywhere in your
ecosystem
materials&processes
1
1
2
1
8
3
2
7
seealsocards:
RE-CYCLE ENERGY
& WATER
Do we re-use our ‘waste’ energy or
water in-house? Do we have an idea
of how much we could re-cycle?
Could our neighbouring businesses
or partners re-use it? Could we use
water in a closed loop? Could we
recover rain water for a specific
usage?
re-cycle your own or others’
excess energy & water
materials&processes
2
1
2
4
2
1
1
60. 7
seealsocards:
USE RENEWABLE
ENERGY
Do we buy renewable or carbon neutral
energy from our energy supplier? Do we
know much a renewable energy
installation would cost?
Could we invest in a renewable energy
system? Could we cooperate with
neighbouring companies to invest in a
renewable energy system? What about
our distribution channels?
use renewable or carbon neutral
energy sources
materials&processes
3
1
2
4
6
1
7
seealsocards:
NO TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
Do we avoid toxic substances in our
products? Do we use non-toxic
substances (cleaning products) in
our activities? Do we comply with all
relevant regulation to reduce risks
and costs?
Could we find water-based and
organic alternatives for the toxic
substances we use? Could our
partners help us?
use water as a primary solvent
for your products and activities
materials&processes
4
1
2
8
5
9
61. 7
seealsocards: THINK
PRODUCT-AS-
A-SERVICE
What service is our product offering to our
customers? Can we be a service company?
Can we reduce environmental impact through
better life cycle thinking?
Could we offer a leasing service rather than
selling our products outright? Does our offer
actually reflects what our clients need/wants?
Could we find an agreement with suppliers to
lease assets from them?
satisfy the needs of your
customer by selling the utility of
a product rather than the
product itself
businessmodel&organisation
19
1
2
1
5
1
4
1
1
7
seealsocards:
INNOVATE, FAIL &
LEARN
How is our attitude towards making
mistakes? Do we allow our mistakes
to make better products and services?
Do we give serendipity a change?
Could we test our new idea's or
initiative more easily in a friendly
niche market? How can we receive
feedback, faster, from our customers?
experiment continuously
& select the fittest ideas
20
1
2
2
6
9
4
businessmodel&organisation
67. Modified soy proteins perform similarly to byssal
threads …
Providing Superior Strength and
Extraordinary Flexibility
Pas de toxiques et l’eau est le solvant
Columbia Forest Products
PureBond Technology à base de soja,
sans formaldehyde.
69. Calcium carbonate precipitation with bacteria
Séquestration carbone bio assisté
Pict Marc from Broft
www.co2solstock.eu
Sequestering emissions from the
future… & the past
Growing forests won’t be sufficient
71. 7
seealso
cards: OPT FOR
DISASSEMBLY
Do we design our products to be
easily disassembled into their
individual components at the end
of their life? Do we use as little
different kinds of materials as
possible?
Could we take back used
products or components for re-
manufacture (reverse logistics)?
Could our clients disassemble
and re-assemble our products?
design for easy disassembly
and think circular
products&services
11
1
2
1
2
7
4
7
seealso
cards:
MODULAR
DESIGN
Do we design our products or
services with common building
blocks? Do we simplify our
activities by using common
building blocks?
Could we stimulate our clients to
self-assemble our products in
alternative ways? Could we
create a variety of themes with a
few common building blocks?
use simple and interchangeable
building blocks
products&services
12
1
2
1
4
1
0
1
1
72. 7
seealso
cards:
SUSTAINABL
E
PACKAGING
Do we need packaging? Do we
need a packaging's life-time that
is longer than its contents?
Could we use bio-materials?
Could we propose a reusable
packaging? Could we design our
packaging for alternative use after
its primary function?
use smart packaging
solutions; reduce, reuse and
recycle
products&services
13
1
2
7
5
4
7
seealso
cards:
OPT FOR
REPAIRABILITY
Can our products be easily
repaired? Can our products be
updated once in use? Do we use
common building blocks that can we
easily repaired or replaced? Do we
use products/assets ourselves that
can easily be repaired?
Could we offer a service to help our
clients to repair our products
themselves in an easy way?
opt for maintenance & repair
products&services
14
1
2
7
1
1
1
2
73. 7
seealso
cards: ECOLOGICAL
MATERIALS
Do we look for renewable
alternatives for the materials we
use? Do we look for material
sources that are organic? Do we
use water as primary solvent?
Could our products be
biodegradable? Could we use
local ecological materials?
use biodegradable materials
from renewable sources
materials&
processes5
1
2
6
4
8
7
seealso
cards:
LOCAL
SOURCING &
SUPPLY
Do we consider locally sourced
materials and resources?
Could we favour local customers
segments? Could offer complete
transparency to our customers?
Could we use local currencies for
our products or services?
work with what is
locally available
materials&
processes
6
1
2
9
1
2
1
74. 7
seealso
cards:
USE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
Do we buy renewable or carbon neutral
energy from our energy supplier? Do
we know much a renewable energy
installation would cost?
Could we invest in a renewable energy
system? Could we cooperate with
neighbouring companies to invest in a
renewable energy system? What about
our distribution channels?
use renewable or carbon
neutral energy sources
materials&
processes3
1
2
4
6
1
7
seealso
cards:
NO TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
Do we avoid toxic substances in
our products? Do we use non-
toxic substances (cleaning
products) in our activities? Do we
comply with all relevant regulation
to reduce risks and costs?
Could we find water-based and
organic alternatives for the toxic
substances we use? Could our
partners help us?
use water as a primary
solvent for your products and
activities
materials&
processes
4
1
2
8
5
9
75. 7
seealsocards:
REPLICATE WHAT
WORKS
Have we tried something similar
before? Do we know someone who
has?
Could we find usable examples in other
regions, times or industries? How
about our competitors? Could we
replicate successful innovations from
nature via biomimicry?
copying is learning -
build today on what has been
done successfully before
businessmodel&organisation
25
1
2
2
0
1
5
2
8
7
seealsocards:
USE AND VALUE
DIVERSITY
Do we benefit from the diversity in
skills and competences in our
company or team? Do we have
diversity in the people we work with
like our suppliers? Do we have a
diverse enough customer base?
Could we diversify our product or
service offerings? Could we diversify
to new markets?
diversify skills for problem
solving and creativity
26
1
2
2
8
2
7
2
2
businessmodel&organisation
76. 7
seealsocards: MIMIC
BIOLOGICAL DESIGN
Do we work circular? Do we manage our
activities without using toxics? Do we
use local materials? Do we co co-create
with our clients?
How could we design from patterns to
details? Could we be inspired by the
design of shapes in nature for our
products?
nature is a vast library of
innovative and sustainable
solutions with 3.8 billion years
experience in R&D
products&services
17
1
2
1
2
7
1
7
seealsocards:
MINIMISE ENERGY &
WATER USE FOR
YOUR CUSTOMERS
Do we know how much water or
energy is typically used by our
customers when using our products?
How much does this cost them?
Could we help our customers reduce
their water and energy use? Could
we inform them on best practices?
Could we deliver a service rather
than a product?
help your customers reduce water &
energy consumption
products&services
18
1
2
1
9
1
6
1
81. Ecolizer 2.0
Développé par l’OVAM
Outil spécifiquement destiné aux
designers/concepteurs
Compromis :
Facilité et rapidité d’utilisation
Evaluation environnementale multi étapes et
multicritères (19) du matériau avec possibilité de
comparaison grâce à l’emploi de la méthode du
score unique.
82. Une couleur = une cat. de matériaux
Métaux ferreux/ non-ferreux, plastique, bois, Papier + Packaging, matériaux de constructions, produits
chimique
Un matériau
Impact global de la production de chaque
(sous-produit de) matériau
84. Une couleur = une cat. de matériaux
Métaux ferreux/ non-ferreux, plastique, bois, Papier + Packaging, matériaux de constructions, produits
chimique
Un matériau
Impact global de la production de
chaque (sous-produit de) matériau
Impact des procédés techniques de
fabrication
Impact du recyclage
Impact du traitement en fin de vie
87. Résumé des outils
• Principes de résilience (pour la co-
création);
• Whole System Design;
• Le cycle de vie en éco-conception;
• L’Ecolizer
• Cradle to Cradle
• Méthodologie Biomimétique
88. • Regardez les images sur la table
• Regardez ask nature si tablette et
internet.
• Consigne: concevez un casque
en tenant compte des principes
du vivant (ceux à votre
disposition)
Moment très pratique
89. Production Abrv.
Quantité
kg
indicateur
pour 1kg
Résultat
Enveloppe Polypropilene recyclable PP 0,3 276 82,8
Coque Carton 0,1 150 15
Corps Polystyrène Recyclé EPS 0,1 75 7,5
Sangles Nylon Polyamide PA 0,04 756 30,24
Peinture Laque acrylique aqueuse 0,01 205 2,05
Total hors FDV 137,59
Fin de vie
Recyclage PP PP 0,3 -251 -75,3
Traitement Nylon PA 0,04 38 1,52
Traitement EPS 0,1 40 4
Traitement Carton 0,11 20 2,2
TOTAL 70,01
Au Gramme 0,12729091
SCORE 12,7
Production Abrv.
Quantité
kg
indicateur
pour 1kg
Résultat
Enveloppe Polychlorure de Vinyle PVC 0,1 220 22
Corps Polystyrène EPS 0,1 384 38,4
Sangles Nylon Polyamide PA 0,04 756 30,24
Peinture Peinture Alkyde 0,01 393 3,93
Total hors FDV 94,57
Fin de vie
Recyclage EPS EPS 0,12 -363 -43,56
Traitement PVC PVC 0,13 34 4,42
Traitement Nylon PA 0,04 38 1,52
TOTAL 56,95
Au Gramme 0,2278
SCORE 22,7
CRATONI
Meteor MV23
250g
ABUS
Performance
550g
Comparatif Casques avec Ecolizer
90. Production Abrv.
Quantité
kg
indicateur
pour 1kg
Résultat
Enveloppe Polypropilene recyclable PP 0,3 276 82,8
Coque Carton 0,1 150 15
Corps Polystyrène Recyclé EPS 0,1 75 7,5
Sangles Nylon Polyamide PA 0,04 756 30,24
Peinture Laque acrylique aqueuse 0,01 205 2,05
Total hors FDV 137,59
Fin de vie
Recyclage PP PP 0,3 -251 -75,3
Traitement Nylon PA 0,04 38 1,52
Traitement EPS 0,1 40 4
Traitement Carton 0,11 20 2,2
TOTAL 70,01
Au Gramme 0,12729091
SCORE 12,7
Production Abrv. Quantité kg
indicateur
pour 1kg
Résultat
Enveloppe Acrylonitrile butadiène styrène ABS 0,27 431 116,37
Corps Polystyrène EPS 0,12 384 46,08
Sangles Nylon Polyamide PA 0,04 756 30,24
Peinture Peinture Alkyde 0,01 393 3,93
Total hors FDV 196,62
Fin de vie
Recyclage PP ABS 0,18 -406 -73,08
Traitement Nylon PA 0,04 38 1,52
Traitement EPS EPS 0,12 40 4,8
TOTAL 129,86
Au Gramme 0,23610909
SCORE 23,6
BERN LENNOX
440g
ABUS
Performance
550g
Comparatif Casques avec Ecolizer