Presentation shared by author at the 9th EDEN Research Workshop "Forging new pathways of research and innovation in open and distance learning: Reaching from the roots" held on 4-6 October 2016, in Oldenburg, Germany. Find out more on #EDENRW9 here: http://www.eden-online.org/2016_oldenburg/

1. The role of online and
distance education in
national systems
Adnan Qayyum, Pennsylvania State University
Olaf Zawacki-Richter, University of Oldenburg
October 6, 2016

2. Book initial
questions
 What his happening in DE in various countries?
 How does DE connect to higher education?
 What are DE enrollments?
 What is the role of government?
 What is the role of private sector?
 What are major challenges facing DE providers?

3. Book purpose
National Systems in an Era of Global Online
Distance Education: Past, Practice, Prognosis
 to focus on DE in higher education
 to compare the structure of higher distance education systems
across countries
 to compare the organization of higher distance education systems
across 12 countries
 Identify different models of ODE in national systems
 Initial reports–please provide feedback

4. Levels of DE
Research
Levels of Distance Education Research
Macro level: DE systems and theories
 Access, equity and ethics
 Globalization of education and cross cultural aspects
 Distance teaching systems and institutions
 Theories and models
 Research methods and knowledge translation
Meso-level: Management, organization and tech
 Management and organization
 Costs and benefits
 Educational technology
 Innovation and change
 Professional development and faculty support
 Learner support services
 Quality assurance
Micro-level: teaching and learning in DE
 Instructional design
 Interaction and communications in learning communities
 Learner characteristics

6. Countries and
author(s)
Country Author(s)
1. Australia Colin Latchem
2. Brasil Frederic Litto
3. Canada Tony Bates
4. China Li Chen
5. Germany Ulrich Bernath & Joachim Stöter
6. India Santosh Panda & Suresh Garg
7. Russia (and former
Soviet Union)
Olaf Zawacki-Richter, Diana Püplichhuysen &
Anna Kourotchkina
8. South Africa Paul Prinsloo
9. South Korea Cheolil Lim, Jihyun Lee & Hyosun Choi
10.Turkey
Yasar Kondaci, Svenja Bedenlier & Cengiz
Hakan Aydin
11. United Kingdom Anne Gaskell
12. United States Michael Beaudoin

7. Topics in each
chapter
1. the function and position of DE within the national higher
education system
2. student enrollments in DE programs and funding of DE
3. an overview of major DE teaching and research institutions
4. the history and past of distance education including online
education
5. the relationship between the public and the private sector DE
6. the relationship between DE and more established residential
institutions
7. regulatory frameworks and policies of DE
8. accreditation and quality assurance in DE
9. future developments of DE in each country

8. Book process
1. Request to authors
2. Submission of first drafts
3. Feedback from editors
4. Revised drafts submitted
5. Copy editing
6. Submission to publisher reviewers
7. Submission of revised text to copy
editors and production
8. Public release (Spring 2016)
8

9. DE
Enrollment
Country
Enrollment
numbers
DE as percentage of higher
education enrollment
Australia 250 000 18.0
Brazil 1 341 842 17.1
Canada 361 000 29.0
China 6 310 000 17.73
Germany 154325 5.5
India 6 650 000 27.9
Russia 2 783 900 49.3
South Africa 355 240 36.0
South Korea 241 100 8.0
Turkey 1 374 269 22.7
United Kingdom 173 889 7.7
United States 2 853 000 17.0

10. DE delivery
modes

11. DE Providers

12. Government
regulation of
DE
(permission,
recognition,
content,
tuition)

13. Current
challenges
Country Challenges
1. Australia International demand; future of DE
2. Brasil Government regulations, demand (20%)
3. Canada Management -institutions organize; fac dev
4. China Demand, on-campus providers, QA
5. Germany Blended growth, private providers, faculty
6. India DECI regulatory board, ICT use
7. Russia
technocratic vs systems developing DE; moving
online
8. South Africa Moving online; access, funding regime change
9. South Korea Growing lifelong learning; connecting to HE
10.Turkey Equal status; DE ICT demand; regulations
11. United Kingdom Government policies, cost
12. United States Demand, private sector abuse

14. Next steps
 Revised drafts
 Copy editing
 Submission to publisher reviewers
 Public release (Spring 2016)
ThankYou
adnan@psu.edu