The document discusses various aspects of lighting including intensity, quality, direction, color, and color temperature. It defines key lighting terms and provides examples of how lighting impacts images. Hard, direct light creates sharp shadows while soft, diffuse light produces softer shadows. Higher color temperatures are called "cool" and lower temperatures are termed "warm." Controlling lighting is important for exposure and enhancing or reducing contrast in a photo.
9. How to maximize existing light:
• Move the subject closer to a light source
• Open up the aperture
• Boost camera gain or select a higher ISO
• Increase the available lighting (turn on some lights, open
the curtains)
• Add lighting instruments
Light - Intensity
10. How to minimize existing light:
• Move the subject away from the light, or into the shadows
• Close down the aperture
• Add neutral density to the lens or the light source
• Select a lower ISO
• Switch off or block off existing lighting (turn off lights, close
curtains or blinds)
Light - Intensity
11. How to minimize (control) light from professional light
sources:
• Switch off some lights
• Use lower power light sources
• Use a dimmer (watch out for effect on color temperature)
• Diffuse the light
• Move the light farther away
• Add neutral density to the light
• Flood the light
• Bounce the light
Light - Intensity
14. Hard, Harsh and Direct, such as sunlight. Light is
concentrated, traveling from the light source or the
filament of the lamp directly to the subject. Shadows
are sharp.
Light - Quality
15. Hard, Harsh and Direct, such as sunlight. Light is
concentrated, traveling from the light source or the
filament of the lamp directly to the subject. Shadows
are sharp.
Pros
• Highly directional
• Sharp shadows exaggerate texture
• Intensity does not “fall off” appreciably with distance
• Bold, strong, dramatic
Light - Quality
16. Hard, Harsh and Direct, such as sunlight. Light is
concentrated, traveling from the light source or the
filament of the lamp directly to the subject. Shadows
are sharp.
Cons
• Shadows can be distracting
• High contrast creates harsh effect
• Textures may not be flattering, such as the
irregularities in a subject’s skin
• Coverage is restrictive; more sources may be needed
• With more than one source, multi-shadows may be
generated
(All these cons can also be pros)
Light - Quality
17. Soft and diffused, such as a cloudy day. Light comes from a
“broad” source,” reflected off or spread out though a
translucent substance. Shadows have soft edges.
Light - Quality
18. Soft and diffused, such as a cloudy day. Light comes from a “broad”
source,” reflected off or spread out though a translucent
substance. Shadows have soft edges.
Pros:
• Subtle, delicate, flattering shading
• Less distracting shadows
• Softens textures, such as skin
• Details more visible in the shadows
• Covers a wide area; spreads and wraps around surfaces
(All these pros can also be cons)
Light - Quality
19. Soft and diffused, such as a cloudy day. Light comes from a “broad”
source,” reflected off or spread out though a translucent substance.
Shadows have soft edges.
Cons:
• Can be flatter than hard light
• Spreads and wraps and can be more difficult to control
• Softens textures, such as skin
• Details more visible in the shadows
• Covers a wide area
• Falls off quickly
(All these cons can also be pros)
Light - Quality
23. Light - Contrast
Dynamic Range / Latitude:
Dynamic range describes the ratio between the
smallest and largest possible values of a changeable
quantity (such as light).
Latitude (used interchangeably with dynamic range) is
the ability of the film or video sensor to capture details
in the lowest end of the tonal spectrum (i.e. dark
shadows) while at the same time capturing details in
the highest and brightest end of the tonal spectrum
(i.e. a bright sky).
So latitude effects how much detail can be seen in the
shadows and the brightest areas of the image.
59. Color Temperature
Yes it’s counterintuitive, but …
Higher color temperatures (5,000 K or more) are called cool colors (blueish
white).
Lower color temperatures (2,700-3,000 K) are called warm colors (yellowish
white through red).
Daylight: 5600 Kelvin
Tungsten: 3200 Kelvin