1. EMC 2410Intro to Electronic Media Edward Bowen Lecture Five: The Beginnings of Broadcasting

2. Broadcasting established the Cultural Economic Technological Regulatory foundations for newer media

3. Privately owned, advertising supported media infrastructure neither inevitable or preordained.

4. Environment for Mass Entertainment made possible partially through urbanization as a consequence of The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#the-industrial-revolition

5. Environment for Mass Entertainment made possible partially through urbanization as a consequence of The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) http://youtu.be/3Efq-aNBkvc

6. Broadcasting’s Cultural Precedentsin Mass Entertainment Popular Newspapers, Penny Press Home Phonographs Vaudeville Motion Picture Theaters

7. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833

8. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833 The Great Moon Hoax (1835) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJDQyVJ7N-E

9. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833 ASTOUNDING NEWS! BY EXPRESS VIA NORFOLK: THE ATLANTIC CROSSED IN THREE DAYS! SIGNAL TRIUMPH OF MR. MONCK MASON'S FLYING MACHINE!!!

10. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833 The Balloon-Hoax by Edgar Allen Poe (1844)

11. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833 “Yes Virginia, There is a Santa Claus” (1897)

12. "DEAR EDITOR: I am 8 years old. "Some of my little friends say there is no Santa Claus. "Papa says, 'If you see it in THE SUN it's so.' "Please tell me the truth; is there a Santa Claus? "VIRGINIA O'HANLON. "115 WEST NINETY-FIFTH STREET." VIRGINIA, your little friends are wrong. They have been affected by the skepticism of a skeptical age. They do not believe except [what] they see. They think that nothing can be which is not comprehensible by their little minds. All minds, Virginia, whether they be men's or children's, are little. In this great universe of ours man is a mere insect, an ant, in his intellect, as compared with the boundless world about him, as measured by the intelligence capable of grasping the whole of truth and knowledge. Yes, VIRGINIA, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy. Alas! how dreary would be the world if there were no Santa Claus. It would be as dreary as if there were no VIRGINIAS. There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry, no romance to make tolerable this existence. We should have no enjoyment, except in sense and sight. The eternal light with which childhood fills the world would be extinguished. Not believe in Santa Claus! You might as well not believe in fairies! You might get your papa to hire men to watch in all the chimneys on Christmas Eve to catch Santa Claus, but even if they did not see Santa Claus coming down, what would that prove? Nobody sees Santa Claus, but that is no sign that there is no Santa Claus. The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor men can see. Did you ever see fairies dancing on the lawn? Of course not, but that's no proof that they are not there. Nobody can conceive or imagine all the wonders there are unseen and unseeable in the world. You may tear apart the baby's rattle and see what makes the noise inside, but there is a veil covering the unseen world which not the strongest man, nor even the united strength of all the strongest men that ever lived, could tear apart. Only faith, fancy, poetry, love, romance, can push aside that curtain and view and picture the supernal beauty and glory beyond. Is it all real? Ah, VIRGINIA, in all this world there is nothing else real and abiding. No Santa Claus! Thank God! he lives, and he lives forever. A thousand years from now, Virginia, nay, ten times ten thousand years from now, he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood.

13. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833 “Yes Virginia, There is a Santa Claus” (1897) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezNP1c63YJY

14. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833 "When a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so often. But if a man bites a dog, that is news." John B. Bogart City Editor 1873-1890

15. Popular Newspapers, Penny Press “The Sun,” New York, Established 1833 “Crime on the Waterfront” Malcolm Johnson 1948 “On The Waterfront” (1954) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSImMMMf5nA

16. Vaudeville (1880s - 1930s) Vaudeville: n. Stage entertainment offering a variety of short acts such as slapstick turns, song-and-dance routines, and juggling performances.

17. Vaudeville (1880s - 1930s) Vaudeville: n. Stage entertainment offering a variety of short acts such as slapstick turns, song-and-dance routines, and juggling performances.

18. Vaudeville (1880s - 1930s) Vaudeville: n. Stage entertainment offering a variety of short acts such as slapstick turns, song-and-dance routines, and juggling performances.

19. Vaudeville (1880s - 1930s) Vaudeville: n. Stage entertainment offering a variety of short acts such as slapstick turns, song-and-dance routines, and juggling performances.

20. Vaudeville (1880s - 1930s) Vaudeville: n. Stage entertainment offering a variety of short acts such as slapstick turns, song-and-dance routines, and juggling performances.

21. Vaudeville (1880s - 1930s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_V82MCMWRu8

22. Vaudeville (1880s - 1930s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKXhxAJShTo http://youtu.be/_jqWCxugpNU

23. Home Phonographs (1896) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMqgI57TZ3U

24. Motion Picture Theaters (1896 -) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZC_otpD8F_o

25. Broadcasting’s Cultural Precedentsin Mass Entertainment Popular Newspapers, Penny Press Home Phonographs Vaudeville Motion Picture Theaters

26. Broadcasting’s Technological (Electronic) Precedents Point-to-Point Communications Telegraph (Wired Messages) Telephone (Wired Audio) Wireless (Messages)

27. Telegraph (1830s) Inventor: Samuel Morse http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-how-a-Telegraph-Machine-Works-117541596

28. Telegraph (1830s) Inventor: Samuel Morse http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DmolT6pI8eI

29. Telephone (1876) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e601moNCA7Q

30. Wireless Heinrich Hertz and Hertzian Waves Guglielmo Marconi and Wireless Signal Transmission Audion Vacuum Tube - Amplification and Precise Modulation Commercial Wireless Military Wireless

31. Hertzian (Electromagnetic) Waves (1888) http://www.hulu.com/watch/87167/milestones-in-science-and-engineering-heinrich-hertz-electromagnetic-wave http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xanne8_milestones-in-science-engineering-h_shortfilms

32. Hertzian (Electromagnetic) Waves (1888) HERTZ: Measurement that distinguishes electromagnetic waveform energy; number of cycles, or complete waves, that pass a reference point per second; measurement of frequency by which one hertz equals one cycle per second.

33. Guglielmo Marconi Wireless as a viable means of communication http://www.5min.com/Video/Guglielmo-Marconi-Biography-119821429 http://www.hulu.com/watch/87174/milestones-in-science-and-engineering-guglielmo-marconi-wireless-telegraphy

34. Audion Vacuum Tube - Amplification and Precise Modulation Lee De Forest Impressing Sound onto Radio Waves Radio Sound Motion Pictures

35. Commercial and Military Wireless Maritime Commerce WWI - Navy nationalizes all wireless communication U.S. Navy places freeze on wireless lawsuits Patent sharing

36. Broadcasting’s Technological (Electronic) Precedents Point-to-Point Communication Telegraph - Wired communication without audio Telephone - Wired communication with audio. Wireless - Communication without wires.

37. To summarize: 1888: Heinrich Hertz demonstrates the existence of electromagnetic energy/radiation (radio waves). 1890s: Gugliemo Marconi uses radio waves to invent wireless telegraphy. 1906: Lee De Forest experiments with his “Audion” vacuum tube, allowing for signal modulation and amplification.

38. Preview “The Empire of the Air http://www.shoppbs.org/product/index.jsp?productId=1402895