SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  15
OBJECTIVE
• To present a matrix that may serve as a
planning guide for initiating college extension
program.
EXTENSION
• REFERS TO THE ACT OF COMMUNICATING,
PERSUADING AND HELPING SPECIFIC SECTORS
OR TARGET CLIENTELES TO ENABLE THEM TO
EFFECTIVELY IMPROVE PRODUCTION,
COMMUNITY AND/OR INSTITUTIONS, AND
QUALITY OF LIFE.
COMPONENTS OF EXTENSION
• TRAINING PROGRAMS
• TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND ADVISORY
SERVICES
• COMMUNICATION/INFORMATION SERVICES
• COMMUNITY OUTREACH ACTIVITIES
• TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, UTILIZATION AND
COMMERCIALIZATION
GOALS OF EXTENSION
•
•
•
•
•

STRATEGIC
ACCOUNTABILITY
RELEVANCE
EMPOWERMENT
CATALYST OF CHANGE
ORGANIZATION OF EXTENSION
•
•
•
•

COLLABORATIVE
SPECIALIZATION
LOGISTICS AND SUPPORTS
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
DIMENSIONS
• Significance: importance of issue/opportunity
to be addressed, goals/objectives of
consequence
• Context: consistency with university/college
values and interest, appropriateness of
expertise, degree of collaboration,
appropriateness of methodological approach,
sufficiency and creative use of resources
DIMENSIONS
• Scholarship: knowledge resources, knowledge
application, knowledge generation, knowledge
utilization.
• Impacts: impact on issues, institutions and
individuals, sustainability and capacity
building, university-community relations,
benefit to the university.
FRAMEWORK (PROJECT CYCLE)
GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT
PROPOSALS
• TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: Formulated to give the
activity a clear profile.
• SUMMARY
• PARTNERSHIP: Brief presentation of the tasks and
areas of responsibility for the collaborative
partners and implementers.
• BACKGROUND: The feasibility, concept and
cooperation.
• COMMUNITY ANALYSIS: A clarification why the
activities are relevant and important in the
community through highlighting the situation in
the community.
GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT
PROPOSALS
• TARGET GROUP: Describe in actual numbers, age,
gender, their quality of life.
• PROBLEM ANALYSIS. Identify the focal problem,
its causes and its effects.
• OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS: Formulate different levels
of objectives.
• ACTIVITIES: Specify where, how and when and
for whom.
• CAPACITY BUILDING: Identify support for the
development of knowledge and expertise for the
target group.
GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT
PROPOSALS
• BUDGET: Present a specified budget for each
individual activity.
• RISK ANALYSIS AND RISK MANAGEMENT.
Identify the risk that could obstruct or complicate
the implementation of the project.
• SUSTAINABILITY: Identify which parts of the
project can the target group realistically be
expected to carry on when our support ends.
• INDICATORS: Physical output or changes in the
target group which are features of the goals.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
• DEVELOP INDICATORS
• MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN
• TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR AN EVALUATION
PROCESS.
LOGIC MODEL FOR EXTENSION
INPUTS

OUTPUTS
ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATION

What we invest

What we
do

Who we reach

Human resource devt

Training

Who we reach

Technical assistance
and advisory services

Deliver
services

Technology transfer

Assess
needs
Facilitate
sector
resources

Students
Faculty
Community
Private

OUTCOMES-IMPACT
SHORT MEDIUM LONG
TERM
TERM
TERM

What
short
term
results
LEARNING

What
medium
term
results
ACTION

What
the
ultimate
impact is
CONDITION

KASA
change

Improved
health

Empowerment
Resources
Quality
life

Best
practices
WHILE THIS MAY MEAN A MUCH
LESSER VALUE, NOTHING CAN
SURPASS THE FULFILMENT AND THE
JOY OF KNOWING WE WILL DO IT
WELL IN THE EYES OF MEN AND GOD.

Contenu connexe

Tendances

9 Leadership Principles In Technology
9 Leadership Principles In Technology9 Leadership Principles In Technology
9 Leadership Principles In Technology
WKnepp81
 
Elvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolio
Elvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolioElvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolio
Elvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolio
Erwon Padua
 
Adopt a-school program
Adopt a-school programAdopt a-school program
Adopt a-school program
Teody Bautista
 
School-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptx
School-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptxSchool-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptx
School-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptx
KentDaradar1
 
Records of pta meetings
Records of pta meetingsRecords of pta meetings
Records of pta meetings
Florame Pasaol
 

Tendances (20)

instructional accomplishment report
instructional accomplishment reportinstructional accomplishment report
instructional accomplishment report
 
9 Leadership Principles In Technology
9 Leadership Principles In Technology9 Leadership Principles In Technology
9 Leadership Principles In Technology
 
Acr homeroom
Acr homeroomAcr homeroom
Acr homeroom
 
GAD-Accomplishment-Elem-2020.docx
GAD-Accomplishment-Elem-2020.docxGAD-Accomplishment-Elem-2020.docx
GAD-Accomplishment-Elem-2020.docx
 
Elvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolio
Elvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolioElvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolio
Elvie c. caparangca evm nc iii portfolio
 
Do s2015 44 sip_src
Do s2015 44 sip_srcDo s2015 44 sip_src
Do s2015 44 sip_src
 
Income Generating Project - Money sa Mani
Income Generating Project - Money sa ManiIncome Generating Project - Money sa Mani
Income Generating Project - Money sa Mani
 
Guidance center-action-plan-2021-2022
Guidance center-action-plan-2021-2022Guidance center-action-plan-2021-2022
Guidance center-action-plan-2021-2022
 
50th birthday mhond
50th birthday mhond50th birthday mhond
50th birthday mhond
 
Project work plan and budget matrix gulayan 2016
Project work plan and budget matrix  gulayan 2016Project work plan and budget matrix  gulayan 2016
Project work plan and budget matrix gulayan 2016
 
School Action Plan -.docx
School Action Plan -.docxSchool Action Plan -.docx
School Action Plan -.docx
 
Adopt a-school program
Adopt a-school programAdopt a-school program
Adopt a-school program
 
LAC SESSION FOR EDUCATORS
LAC SESSION FOR EDUCATORS LAC SESSION FOR EDUCATORS
LAC SESSION FOR EDUCATORS
 
Adopt a-school program
Adopt a-school programAdopt a-school program
Adopt a-school program
 
School-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptx
School-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptxSchool-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptx
School-BELRCP-Presentation_2.pptx
 
Child friendly school
Child friendly schoolChild friendly school
Child friendly school
 
The process of lesson development
The process of lesson developmentThe process of lesson development
The process of lesson development
 
Guidance action plan
Guidance action planGuidance action plan
Guidance action plan
 
Records of pta meetings
Records of pta meetingsRecords of pta meetings
Records of pta meetings
 
LAC IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SY 2022-23.docx
LAC IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SY 2022-23.docxLAC IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SY 2022-23.docx
LAC IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SY 2022-23.docx
 

En vedette (8)

What is eXtension 2006
What is eXtension 2006What is eXtension 2006
What is eXtension 2006
 
Teleconferencia Apresentacao 2 T07 Eng
Teleconferencia Apresentacao 2 T07 EngTeleconferencia Apresentacao 2 T07 Eng
Teleconferencia Apresentacao 2 T07 Eng
 
Approaches strategies and policies of cd
Approaches strategies and policies of cdApproaches strategies and policies of cd
Approaches strategies and policies of cd
 
Research and Extension Framework
Research and Extension FrameworkResearch and Extension Framework
Research and Extension Framework
 
Theoretical Framework
Theoretical FrameworkTheoretical Framework
Theoretical Framework
 
Writing a conceptual framework
Writing a conceptual frameworkWriting a conceptual framework
Writing a conceptual framework
 
Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKChapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 
Conceptual and theoretical framework
Conceptual and theoretical frameworkConceptual and theoretical framework
Conceptual and theoretical framework
 

Similaire à Framework of impact based college extension program

Training_Self Assessment Report
Training_Self Assessment ReportTraining_Self Assessment Report
Training_Self Assessment Report
saba khan
 
Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0
Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0
Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0
lee_anderson40
 
Presentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptx
Presentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptxPresentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptx
Presentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptx
ClarenceCasapao
 

Similaire à Framework of impact based college extension program (20)

Training_Self Assessment Report
Training_Self Assessment ReportTraining_Self Assessment Report
Training_Self Assessment Report
 
LIVES Capacity Development approaches and interventions
LIVES Capacity Development approaches and interventionsLIVES Capacity Development approaches and interventions
LIVES Capacity Development approaches and interventions
 
Framework user guide presentation cpw dec132015
Framework user guide presentation cpw dec132015Framework user guide presentation cpw dec132015
Framework user guide presentation cpw dec132015
 
Planning
PlanningPlanning
Planning
 
Demonstrating the Impact of Faculty Development Activities
Demonstrating the Impact of Faculty Development ActivitiesDemonstrating the Impact of Faculty Development Activities
Demonstrating the Impact of Faculty Development Activities
 
P.1 Quality Assurance.pptx
P.1 Quality Assurance.pptxP.1 Quality Assurance.pptx
P.1 Quality Assurance.pptx
 
Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...
Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...
Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...
 
NEEDS ASSESSMENT - Copy.pptx
NEEDS ASSESSMENT - Copy.pptxNEEDS ASSESSMENT - Copy.pptx
NEEDS ASSESSMENT - Copy.pptx
 
Change Management Strategies Webinar Slides
Change Management Strategies Webinar SlidesChange Management Strategies Webinar Slides
Change Management Strategies Webinar Slides
 
Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0
Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0
Change Management Toolkit_Final v1.0
 
HCC Transformation: Board of Trustees 3/10/2015
HCC Transformation: Board of Trustees 3/10/2015HCC Transformation: Board of Trustees 3/10/2015
HCC Transformation: Board of Trustees 3/10/2015
 
Presentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptx
Presentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptxPresentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptx
Presentation_DRRM Mainstreaming in the Planning Cycle.pptx
 
Unit 1 PM.pptx
Unit 1 PM.pptxUnit 1 PM.pptx
Unit 1 PM.pptx
 
sample5.pptx
sample5.pptxsample5.pptx
sample5.pptx
 
Strategic planning
Strategic planningStrategic planning
Strategic planning
 
Transformational Change for Evaluation of SDGs
Transformational Change for Evaluation of SDGsTransformational Change for Evaluation of SDGs
Transformational Change for Evaluation of SDGs
 
Skills Development conference _Strategic Learning Solutions_26 february 2016
Skills Development conference _Strategic Learning Solutions_26 february 2016Skills Development conference _Strategic Learning Solutions_26 february 2016
Skills Development conference _Strategic Learning Solutions_26 february 2016
 
Sway
SwaySway
Sway
 
The Project Manager
The Project ManagerThe Project Manager
The Project Manager
 
Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...
Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...
Using case-based methods to assess scalability and sustainability: Lessons fr...
 

Dernier

Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
ZurliaSoop
 

Dernier (20)

Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
 
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptxCOMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
 
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
 
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptxWellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
 
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdfUnit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
 

Framework of impact based college extension program

  • 1.
  • 2. OBJECTIVE • To present a matrix that may serve as a planning guide for initiating college extension program.
  • 3. EXTENSION • REFERS TO THE ACT OF COMMUNICATING, PERSUADING AND HELPING SPECIFIC SECTORS OR TARGET CLIENTELES TO ENABLE THEM TO EFFECTIVELY IMPROVE PRODUCTION, COMMUNITY AND/OR INSTITUTIONS, AND QUALITY OF LIFE.
  • 4. COMPONENTS OF EXTENSION • TRAINING PROGRAMS • TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND ADVISORY SERVICES • COMMUNICATION/INFORMATION SERVICES • COMMUNITY OUTREACH ACTIVITIES • TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, UTILIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION
  • 7. DIMENSIONS • Significance: importance of issue/opportunity to be addressed, goals/objectives of consequence • Context: consistency with university/college values and interest, appropriateness of expertise, degree of collaboration, appropriateness of methodological approach, sufficiency and creative use of resources
  • 8. DIMENSIONS • Scholarship: knowledge resources, knowledge application, knowledge generation, knowledge utilization. • Impacts: impact on issues, institutions and individuals, sustainability and capacity building, university-community relations, benefit to the university.
  • 10. GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT PROPOSALS • TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: Formulated to give the activity a clear profile. • SUMMARY • PARTNERSHIP: Brief presentation of the tasks and areas of responsibility for the collaborative partners and implementers. • BACKGROUND: The feasibility, concept and cooperation. • COMMUNITY ANALYSIS: A clarification why the activities are relevant and important in the community through highlighting the situation in the community.
  • 11. GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT PROPOSALS • TARGET GROUP: Describe in actual numbers, age, gender, their quality of life. • PROBLEM ANALYSIS. Identify the focal problem, its causes and its effects. • OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS: Formulate different levels of objectives. • ACTIVITIES: Specify where, how and when and for whom. • CAPACITY BUILDING: Identify support for the development of knowledge and expertise for the target group.
  • 12. GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT PROPOSALS • BUDGET: Present a specified budget for each individual activity. • RISK ANALYSIS AND RISK MANAGEMENT. Identify the risk that could obstruct or complicate the implementation of the project. • SUSTAINABILITY: Identify which parts of the project can the target group realistically be expected to carry on when our support ends. • INDICATORS: Physical output or changes in the target group which are features of the goals.
  • 13. MONITORING AND EVALUATION • DEVELOP INDICATORS • MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN • TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR AN EVALUATION PROCESS.
  • 14. LOGIC MODEL FOR EXTENSION INPUTS OUTPUTS ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATION What we invest What we do Who we reach Human resource devt Training Who we reach Technical assistance and advisory services Deliver services Technology transfer Assess needs Facilitate sector resources Students Faculty Community Private OUTCOMES-IMPACT SHORT MEDIUM LONG TERM TERM TERM What short term results LEARNING What medium term results ACTION What the ultimate impact is CONDITION KASA change Improved health Empowerment Resources Quality life Best practices
  • 15. WHILE THIS MAY MEAN A MUCH LESSER VALUE, NOTHING CAN SURPASS THE FULFILMENT AND THE JOY OF KNOWING WE WILL DO IT WELL IN THE EYES OF MEN AND GOD.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. non-degree, non-creditTo agenciesDissemination of knowledge and skillsSocial services, pilot projectsPromoting research outputs or technologies to potential users
  2. Encompasses many contemporary challengesProvides extension remain accountableNeeds and issues in productive mannerIncrease in spiritual, economic, political, social strengths, developing confidence, skills for self-sufficiencySignificant transformation measureable in terms of income, employment, educ, health, envi quality, entre activities, civic participation
  3. Active involvement, planning and decision makingFull range of structuring tasks involvedLocating and linking wd agencies, legal aspectsInterdisciplinary teams
  4. How serious? Target groups open to the new opportunity? What consequences could result from not addressing? / stakeholders agreed that G.O are valuables? Will value be added?Compare with VMGO? To what extent does the project fit with indv and units available expertise? Extend of participation in planning, defining impacts, implementing, mon and evaln? Developmental, participatory, accommodate variety of learning styles? Sufficient, extend of utilization, realistic?
  5. Extent the project is shaped by up-to-date, cross-disciplinary, utilized? Defined, design appropriate, innovation, provision for midstream modification? Lessons learned, assessment of scholarly merit? Project generated replicable, available for dissemination and utilization?Needs fulfilled, issues addressed? New skills, technology, process, networks, alternative resources? Opportunities for new collaboration, expansion of constituency, better interaction? Student experiences, curricular changes, TL or research activities, enhanced reputation, recognition?
  6. identification- objective system clarifiedConceptual – project plan elaboratedImplementation – project purpose achieved
  7. OVERALL OBJECTIVES BASED ON EFFECTSPROJECT PURPOSE FOCAL PROBLEMINTERMEDIATE OBJECTIVES – CAUSES
  8. KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDES SKILLS ASPIRATIONS