Isolated High Power Quarter Brick DC/DC Converters
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This document introduces the Murata Power Solutions HPQ series of isolated high power quarter brick DC/DC converters. Some key points: 1) The HPQ series offers high efficiency up to 90%, high current capability in a low profile open frame design with synchronous rectification and full isolation up to 2250VDC. 2) It is intended for applications such as embedded systems, data centers, remote sensor systems, and test equipment, providing up to 165W of power. 3) Internally it uses a bridge topology and has features like remote on/off control, remote sensing, output voltage trimming, and overcurrent, overtemperature, and overvoltage protection.
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Isolated High Power Quarter Brick DC/DC Converters
- 6. Internal Topology Bridge configuration
Notes de l'éditeur
- Welcome to the training module on Isolated High Power Quarter Brick DC to DC Converters.
- This training module introduces HPQ series isolated high power quarter brick DC/DC converters.
- Brick is a standardized size for PCB mounted power supplies. It has been adopted in the market for approximately 10 years. The first parts were costly, encapsulated dual board designs. With the development of the technology, it is changed to a single board open frame version. The Distributed-power Open Standards Alliance or DOSA, established a series of standards to ensure product compatibility and standardization within the increasingly fragmented power converter market. These standards cover a broad range of power converter form factors, footprints, feature sets and functionality. The table shows the standardized brick size.
- Unique among quarter-brick DC/DC converters, the HPQ series offers very high output current, up to 50 Amps, in an industry standard “quarter brick” package requiring no heat sink. The HPQ series delivers up to 165 Watts at a fixed 3.3 volt output for printed circuit board mounting. It measures 2.3 " x 1.45 " x 0.40 “ and has a wide input range of 36 to 75 Volts, with a nominal of 48 Volts DC which is ideal for datacom and telecom systems. Advanced automated surface mount assembly and planar magnetics deliver full magnetic and optical isolation with Basic protection up to 2250V. A wealth of self-protection features, avoid problems with both the converter and external circuits.
- The modules have the functions of basic DC/DC converters, like isolation, voltage transformation and regulation. As such, they can be used in wide range of market segments, including: industrial & instrumentation, transportation, aerospace, telecom & wireless equipment, as well as computers & office equipment. Their wide range of input voltages make them ideal for embedded systems, datacom and telecom installations. Other applications include disk farms, data centers & cellular repeater sites, remote sensor systems, dedicated controllers, instrumentation systems, R&D platforms, automated test fixtures, data concentrators, voice forwarding and speech processing systems.
- This is a simplified schematic of the HPQ series DC to DC converter module. It employs a bridge topology which uses 4 active switching components in a bridge configuration across a power transformer. It also has a series of built-in protection functions, including: input under-voltage lockout, over-temperature shutdown using an on-board temperature sensor, excessive over-current limiter, output over-voltage protection and reverse conduction elimination. The synchronous rectifier topology offers high efficiency for minimal heat buildup and “no heat sink” operation.
- HPQ converters must be driven from a low ac-impedance input source. The DC to DC’s performance and stability can be compromised by the use of highly inductive source impedances. The input circuit shown in this diagram is a practical solution that can be used to minimize the effects of inductance in the input traces. For optimum performance, components should be mounted close to the DC/DC converter. External input capacitors serve primarily as energy storage elements. They should be selected for bulk capacitance at appropriate frequencies, low ESR, and high rms-ripple-current ratings.
- For systems needing controlled startup and shutdown, an external remote On/Off control may use either positive or negative polarity. Positive-polarity devices are enabled when the on/off pin is left open or is pulled high. Positive-polarity devices are disabled when the on/off pin is pulled low with respect to the Input. Negative-polarity devices are OFF when the on/off pin is high and ON when the on/off pin is pulled low. Dynamic control of the remote on/off function is best accomplished with a mechanical relay or an open-collector or open-drain drive circuit. The drive circuit should be able to sink appropriate current when activated and withstand appropriate voltage when deactivated.
- The sense and V OUT lines are internally connected through low-value resistors. Nevertheless, if sense is not used for remote regulation, the user must connect + sense to + V OUT and -sense to -V OUT at the converter pins. Sense is intended to correct small output accuracy errors caused by the resistive ohmic drop in output wiring as output current increases. This output drop, which is the difference between Sense and V OUT when measured at the converter, should not be allowed to exceed 0.5V. Sense is connected at the load and corrects for resistive errors only. Be careful where it is connected. Any long, distributed wiring and/or significant inductance introduced into the Sense control loop can adversely affect overall system stability.
- These converters have a trim capability that enables users to adjust the output voltage over a limited range. Adjustments to the output voltage can be accomplished with a single fixed resistor as shown in the figures. A single fixed resistor can increase or decrease the output voltage depending on its connection. On standard units, a single resistor connected from the Trim pin to the +Sense will increase the output voltage. A resistor connected from the Trim Pin to the –Sense will decrease the output voltage. If the trim function is not used, leave the trim pin open. Trim adjustments greater than the specified trim range can have an adverse affect on the converter’s performance and are not recommended.
- A wealth of self-protection features avoid problems with both the converter and external circuits. When power demands from the output falls within the current limit inception range for the rated output current, the DC/DC converter will go into a current limiting mode. In this condition the output voltage will decrease proportionately with increases in output current, thereby maintaining a somewhat constant power dissipation. If the internal temperature of the DC/DC converter rises above the designed operating temperature, a precision temperature sensor will power down the unit. When the internal temperature decreases below the threshold of the temperature sensor, the unit will self start. The output voltage is monitored for an overvoltage condition via magnetic coupling to the primary side. If the output voltage rises to a fault condition, the sensing circuitry will power down the PWM controller causing the output voltage to decrease.
- Thank you for taking the time to view this presentation on “ Isolated High Power Quarter Brick DC/DC Converters” . If you would like to learn more or go on to purchase some of these devices, you may either click on the part list link, or simply call our sales hotline. For more technical information you may either visit the Murata Power Solution site, or if you would prefer to speak to someone live, please call our hotline number, or even use our ‘live chat’ online facility. You also may visit the Element 14, e-community to post your questions.