2. What is Sustainable Development ?
• World Commission on Environment & Development ( p (1990)
)
Development that meets the need of the present without compromising
the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs
CONCEPT OF NEEDS: IDEA OF LIMITATIONS
Needs of world’s poor, to -Ecology & environment limit
which property should be
-Technology
given
6. How to achieve a livable urban area?
[JAKARTA]
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION
CONSOLIDATION / COMPACT CITY / NEW URBANISM
WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN
GREEN URBANITY
7. JUMLAH PENDUDUK
Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil:
JAKARTA (Januari, 2008) : 8.500.000 jiwa
BOGOR, DEPOK, TANGERANG
DAN BEKASI : 15.000.000 jiwa
TOTAL MEGAPOLITAN : 23.500.000 jiwa
23 500 000
TINGKAT SUBURBANISASI : 3.7%/TAHUN
KENDARAAN BERMOTOR RASIO
PRIBADI : MASSAL = 98 : 2
Polda Metro Jaya
Jumlah Sepeda Motor (1998) : 1.500.000 unit Jumlah Penumpang : 17.000.000 jiwa
Kendaraan Pribadi : 49.7%
%
Jumlah S
Sepeda Motor (2002) : 2.400.000 unit ( %)
( ) (+60%)
Massal : 50.3%
Jumlah Mobil Pribadi (1998) : 1.000.000 unit
DAYA TAMPUNG J
U G JALAN
Jumlah Mobil Pribadi (2002) : 1.400.000 unit (40%)
Total Luas Jalan : 6%
Jumlah kendaraan (2003) : 6.506.244 unit
Daya Tampung : 150.000 kend/jam
Motor : 3.276.890 unit
Mobil Pribadi
M bil P ib di : 1 464 626 unit
1.464.626 it
Bus : 315.559 unit
Truk : 449.169 unit
12. Peningkatan Kepemilikan
Kendaraan Pribadi
Perencanaan
Transportasi berbasis
kendaraan bermotor
Pola Pembangunan
Tersebar
Alienasi
Kendaraan
Tersedianya Massal
lahan parkir
dalam jumlah
besar
b
Terbatasnya
Pilihan Moda
Transportasi
Perencanaan dan
desain berbasis
SUBURBANISASI/URBAN SPRAWL
kendaraan bermotor
Dan
Degradasi Kualitas Hidup Kota
13. CAUSE ?
STRIP MALL DESIGN (RUKO)
DOMINATED CAR DROP OFF ON THE BUILDING FOREGROUND
VAST PARKING (WALL MART’S EFFECT)
SINGLED USE DEVELOPMENT
LIMITED INTEGRATION TO PEDESTRIAN & PUBLIC TRANSPORT
ACCESS
‘EXCLUSIVE’ MASSING
EXCLUSIVE
21. Anti sprawling – HOW ?
1. Converse Open Space
2.
2 Provide boundaries limiting the outward extension of growth
3. Provide compact, mixed use developments amenable to walking
and transit
4. Revitalize ld d
4 R it li older downtown areas, inner-ring suburbs and rundown
t i i bb d d
commercial areas
5. Provide reliable public transport to reduce car dependence and support
alternative development patterns
6. Coordinate regional planning
7.
7 Equitable share resources and burdens (including affordable housing)
across metropolitan area
8. High Density
22.
23. Hill Thallis: East Darling Harbour Redevelopment
Entertainment + Office + Retail + Park
25. TRADITIONAL APPROACH IN WATER ENGINEERING DESIGN
• Drain/fill land to allow development –
pipe everything ‐ ends up in rivers and
i thi d ii d
ocean
• Construct trapezoidal drains (modify
• Construct trapezoidal drains (modify
waterways) leading to sumps
• Separate systems for water supply,
Separate systems for water supply,
wastewater and stormwater
• Use potable water for everything
• Water issue – left too late in the
planning process, for example: Puri Indah,
Taman Palem
26. BASIC STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
Amount of stormwater run‐off ⇔ Intensity of Development
Increased overland flow ⇔ Increased natural pollutants
Stormwater drains ⇔ City’s waterways
Site to “hold and use the rain where it falls”
Objectives:
To integrate stormwater detention with the provision of open space and the
To integrate stormwater detention with the provision of open space and the
urban landscape
To minimize the effect of stormwater pollution on receiving waters, encourage
To minimize the effect of stormwater pollution on receiving waters, encourage
water conservation and reduce stormwater runoff to minimize flooding
To encourage the re‐use of rain and grey water
g gy
43. GREEN URBANITY
Heat Island OR Green Oasis
Urban heat island (UHI)
metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surroundings.
CAUSE:
CAUSE
A. modification of the land surface by urban development :
building, road, paves surfaces
B. Waste heat generated by energy usage
Combustive process, industrial activity, heat from electronic appliances
C. Tall Buildings (Canyon Effect) provide multiple surfaces = reflection + absorption, wind blocking
Study by Berkley:
US Nationwide energy costs due to Summer UHI: US$ 1.000.000/hour
1 000 000/hour
47. THE IMPACT
REDUCED TEMPERATURE
BEFORE:
Roof f
R f surface= 58ºC @ day d
@ night heat re-radiated into the surroundings
Created Vertical Thermal Movements
AFTER:
With Rooftop Greenery: 31ºC@day
Reduce re-radiated
re radiated
Ambient air temperatures: reduced 4.2ºC
48. THE IMPACT
IMPROVED AIR QUALITY
VEGATATION AS AIRBORNE FILTER
Reduce temperature = reducing thermal air movement
IMPROVED RAINWATER RETENTION
RETAIN STORMWATER & FILTERING RAINWATER CONTAMINANTS
SLOWING DOWN THE RUN-OFF INTO STORMWATER SYSTEM
REDUCED CO2 AND INCREASED OXYGEN XCH
Singapore = 20 tonnes CO2/person/year
155 m² plant surface = O2 for 1 person/24 hours
GREEN URBANITY
49. THE IMPACT
IMPROVED WATER QUALITY
FILTER FOR heavy metal and nutrients present in precipitation
REDUCED COOLING RESOURCES
Through better insulation
Th h b tt i l ti
Insulation value = increased up to 10%
BETTER ACOUSTIC INSULATION
IMPROVED CORPORATE IMAGE
IMPROVED AESTHETIC APPEAL
GREEN URBANITY
53. Fukuoka Prefecture Hall
Emilio Ambasz
1. Kompensasi Lahan Hijau
2. Penurunan Suhu Regional
3.
3 Pemanfaatan air hujan
4. Pemanfaatan sinar matahari
secara maksimal dengan orientasi
bangunan
Accessible Roof
60. CIRI IKLIM DI INDONESIA
- Panas, sinar matahari sepanjang tahun.
- Suhu rata - rata antara 20ºC - 36°C
- Radiasi matahari berlimpah
-NNegara 2 musim, penghujan d k
i h j dan kemarau
- Curah hujan tinggi
- Ada daerah dengan hujan sepanjang tahun
tahun.
- Angin siang hangat/panas.
- Kelembaban tinggi (RH tinggi)
gg ( gg )
- Perbedaan suhu yang relatif kecil antara siang
dan malam (low diurnal change)
61. A. VENTILASI BANGUNAN
A. VENTILASI BANGUNAN
Natural Ventilation:
NV bergantung semata mata pada pergerakan udara untuk mendinginkan
bangunan
Cross Ventilation:
Metode desain dimana strukturnya diatur sebisa mungkin memaksimalkan p g
y g pergerakan
air melalui bangunan
Stack Effect
67. A. VENTILASI BANGUNAN
A. VENTILASI BANGUNAN
GUIDELINES
1.Proses desain harus teliti.
2.Posisi
2 Posisi & orientasi bangunan yang diletakkan dengan tepat
sehingga pergerakan udara dapat dimaksimumkan.
3.Penempatan pintu dan jendela yang berukuran besar untuk
mengarahkan cross entilasi
cross-ventilasi.
4.Konsep desain yang Open plan, lebar dan ruang -ruang bebas
pada interior
5.Kanopi/ Overhang/ terasan yang lebar untuk melindungi ruang2
dalam dari radiasi matahari.
68. A. VENTILASI BANGUNAN
A. VENTILASI BANGUNAN
6. Jendela kawat nyamuk dapat dipasang, agar aliran angin tetap
dapat masuk.
p
7. Sesedikit mungkin menggunakan thermal mass
8. Tempatkan lubang ventilasi pada daerah atap
9. Gunakan insulasi pada atap
p p
10. Minimalkan sekat dalam ruang (internal spaces).
11. Jangan meletakkan pohon dimana batang dan daunnya dapat
menghambat (
g (blocking) angin untuk masuk ke dalam bangunan.
g) g g
12. Idealnya,bangunan bermassa banyak berjarak minimum 5x tinggi
bangunan untuk memaksimalkan penetrasi angin.
13. Strategi no 1-12 semuanya dapat memfasilitasi te jad ya c oss
3 St ateg o se ua ya e as tas terjadinya cross-
ventilasi, namun untuk memaksimalkannya harus di hubungkan
dengan LOKASI dan ORIENTASI bangunan.
69. B. KULIT BANGUNAN
B. KULIT BANGUNAN
Fungsi dari kulit bangunan: mempertahankan suhu dalam
bangunan t t pada zona comfort.
b tetap d ft
Untuk iklim panas berarti: meminimalkan internal heat gain.
Kemampuan kulit bangunan untuk mentransmisikan radiasi
matahari dalam bentuk energi panas dan cahaya adalah
gp y
faktor yang sangat penting bagi keseluruhan konsep
perhitungan energi di sebuah bangunan.
70. B. KULIT BANGUNAN
B. KULIT BANGUNAN
GUIDELINES
1. Double glazing system atau sistem double layer glass
façade
2. Warna muda/cerah dan material yang cenderung reflektif
meminimalkan solar heat gain, terutama pada atap dan sisi
barat b
b bangunan.
3. Insulasi panas secukupnya pada atap & kulit bangunan
4. Pilih material dengan Nilai Embodied Energy yang rendah
g gy y g
(Low Embodied Energy).
71. C. PENCAHAYAAN ALAMI
C. PENCAHAYAAN ALAMI
Desain bangunan dan jendela yang memanfaatkan
pencahayaan alami mendapatkan keuntungan dari
penghematan penggunaan energi listrik,
memotong beban listrik puncak pada siang hari,
dan mengurangi energi yang dibutuhkan untuk
mendinginkan bangunan
72. D. EVAPORATIVE COOLING
D. EVAPORATIVE COOLING
Evaporative cooling menurunkan suhu dalam ruang dengan air
yang berevaporasi.
Pada musim kemarau sangat berguna, dapat berupa kolam
dengan air yang bergerak yang diletakaan di sekitar bangunan.
73. E. ORIENTASI BANGUNAN
E. ORIENTASI BANGUNAN
Tujuan:
- Orientasi ke arah sinar matahari yang benar dan tepat
tepat.
- Sesuai dengan arah angin, bangunan menerima angin.
UTARA
SELATAN
74. E. ORIENTASI BANGUNAN
E. ORIENTASI BANGUNAN
GUIDELINES
1. Arahkan bangunan menghadap arah angin datang, sehingga
angin berhembus sejajar (pararel)/ segaris dengan lubang masuk
g j j (p )g g g
dan keluar ventilasi.
2. Perhitungkan shading bangunan (kedok bayangan) pada saat
memperhitungkan orientasi
orientasi.
3. Orientasikan sisi terpendek bangunan ke arah timur dan barat.
4. Hindarkan bukaan (tanpa kedok bayangan) pada sisi timur dan
barat sebisa mungkin.
b bi ki
75. F. SHADING KEDOK BAYANGAN
F. SHADING ‐ KEDOK BAYANGAN
GUIDELINES
1. Gunakan elemen - elemen bangunan yang dapat menciptakan
bayangan bagi dirinya sendiri/ meneduhkan diri sendiri :teras/lantai
kantilever, b lk t
k til balkon, taman/innercourt.
/i t
2. Pasang elemen shading pada bagian luar jendela.
3. Lindungi fasade bangunan bagian barat dari sinar matahari
g g g
langsung
4. Tanaman yang digunakan sebagai shading peneduh bangunan
dapat diletakkan pada sisi barat timur dan utara
barat, utara.
77. F. SHADING KEDOK BAYANGAN
F. SHADING ‐ KEDOK BAYANGAN
LANDSCAPE - SHADING
CONDITION TEMPERATURE
Tree shading 3 – 6⁰C
⁰
Shaded Wall – direct sunlight 11 – 14⁰C
Shaded Wall –
Sh d d W ll no direct sunlight
di t li ht 3 – 6⁰C
3 6⁰C
Wall + Shrub – direct sunlight 11 – 14⁰C
Wall + Shrub – no direct sunlight
Wall + Shrub no direct sunlight 3 –
3 6⁰C
Wall + Tree – direct sunlight 17⁰C
Wall + Tree direct sunlight
Wall + Tree – direct sunlight 6C
6⁰C
Forest 14⁰C
Neighborhoods with large trees
with large trees 6C
6⁰C
92. GREEN ATRIUM
ATRIUM CASE STUDY: IAN INNES
GREEN ATRIUM IN AN OFFICE BUILDING WITH AC:
‐ Minimum soil depth: 600mm
‐ Auto Irrigation + Overhead Spray
‐ Organic Compost: 50 mm thick
‐ Maintenance requirement : minimum 4hr/week
96. - 919 skylights: automatic light
modulation systems and aluminum
louvers
- At night: artificial light is reflected off
the louvers to provide a uniform pattern
of ill mination
illumination
- 300 Meters of Green Walls and
comprises 25 species of climbing p
p p g plants
- 5 m (16 ft)-high quot;Green Wallquot; with
hanging creepers and waterfall
100. GREEN TOWER:
Form and function
Curved forms increase structurall stability and maximize
C df i tt t bilit d ii
enclosed space;
this reduces the amount of materials needed for
construction.
The shape is also aerodynamic, diffusing the impact of
wind
101. GREEN TOWER:
Treetops
Traditional rooftops, covered in asphalt and tar, create heat-absorbing surfaces
that
th t contribute t the quot; b heat iislandquot; effect—higher t
t ib t to th quot;urban h t l dquot; ff t hi h temperatures th t can
t that
alter weather patterns and intensify smog.
A layer of g
y ground cover on this building's roof helps to regulate temperature,
g p g p ,
protects waterproof coatings, and absorbs and cleans storm water.
102. GREEN TOWER:
Soil and Green
The western side of the building is a series of three story atrium gardens
three-story gardens.
The greenery brings the outdoors inside, providing a breath of nature.
Plants clean the interior air, and as leaf colors change, the building reacts
in step with natural cycles.
The north façade (unseen) is clear glass covered with positively-charged
positively charged
mosses that absorb particulates of the air.
103. GREEN TOWER:
Water, water
Water i
W t is recycled in the building severall ti
l d i th b ildi times over.
Greenhouses treat wastewater from sinks and bathtubs for reuse as irrigation in the
building's gardens, a process made possible when nontoxic cleaning products are used.
Cleansed by the gardens, the water can be used again as non-drinking water—for
example, in toilets.
104. GREEN TOWER:
Street smarts
After a close study of the sun and shadows, the shape and orientation of the building are
shadows
tailored to the site.
This building faces south toward a park, so it can capture maximum sunlight, and its
irregular form allows more daylight to reach the street.
Gardens circle the base, contributing to the quality of life at street level.
105. GREEN TOWER:
Solar power
The southern façade, made of about 100,000 square feet of photovoltaic panels that convert
façade 100 000
sunlight into electricity, collects enough energy to provide up to 40 percent of the building's
needs.
Costing at least 20 cents per kilowatt-hour—several times as much as coal or natural gas—
solar PV is expensive today.
But the trends are good: Solar is getting cheaper, and the relative economics will improve as
more states and countries regulate the production of greenhouse gases
gases.
106. GREEN TOWER:
Building skin
The structure is built up in layers of materials that perform different functions, from
weatherproofing to insulation to transparency.
These surfaces are becoming thinner, lighter, and smarter.
thinner lighter smarter
107. GREEN TOWER:
Productive workspaces
Under floor
Under-floor air distribution improves air quality.
Flexible communal spaces replace fixed individual stations.
Chairs and workstations are ergonomic
orkstations ergonomic.
Smart monitors detect the presence of people and adjust temperature, light, air, and
sound as needed.
This allows individuals to control their environment.
Our motto: quot;We don't heat or cool ghosts.quot;
108. GREEN TOWER:
Waste equals food
In nature, nutrients are cycled and recycled endlessly.
nature endlessly
quot;Eco-effective designquot; seeks to mimic those cycles.
All products, from building materials to furnishings, are designed to return safely to the
earth or to be reused—like office chairs that can be disassembled into components and
sent back to the manufacturer to become another product.
109. GREEN TOWER:
Heating and cooling
They account for almost 30 percent of a building s energy use
building's use.
By transferring heat between the building and the earth using a system that circulates heat-
absorbing liquid through underground wells, a building can reduce energy usage.
A combined heat-and-power plant, fueled by natural gas, operates at up to 90 percent efficiency
and supplies the power that the solar panels cannot.
136. GENZYME CENTER (BEHNISCH & PARTNERS)
OFFICE
Reduce 32% water
consumption
Light Shaft:
75% office – naturall light
ffi t li ht
Reducing 42% electricity cost
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142. Bank of America Tower, NY
Architect: COOK+FOX - LEED: PLATINUM
Mixture concrete: 55% cement and
45% slag
Reduce Thermal Loss
CO2 Sensor
Ice C li S t
I Cooling System
Cogeneration Power Plant
Water Sensitive Design
Air Filter
