Chapter 9 Lecture- Molecular Geometry

Chapter 9 Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories

Molecular Shapes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Molecular Shapes ,[object Object]

What Determines the Shape of a Molecule? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Electron Domains ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) ,[object Object]

Electron-Domain Geometries ,[object Object]

Electron-Domain Geometries ,[object Object],[object Object]

Molecular Geometries ,[object Object],[object Object]

Molecular Geometries ,[object Object]

Linear Electron Domain ,[object Object],[object Object]

Trigonal Planar Electron Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nonbonding Pairs and Bond Angle ,[object Object],[object Object]

Multiple Bonds and Bond Angles ,[object Object],[object Object]

In which of the following molecules is the H  X  H bond angle smallest (X is non-H atom): CH 4 , H 2 O, and NH 3 ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Correct Answer: Lone pairs exert greater repulsive forces on adjacent electron domains. Bond angles are compressed with increasing numbers of lone pairs.

Tetrahedral Electron Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electron Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electron Domain ,[object Object]

Trigonal Bipyramidal Electron Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Octahedral Electron Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Using VSEPR, predict the molecular geometry of NH 3 . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],As indicated in the illustration, the molecular geometry of NH 3 is trigonal pyramidal .

Using VSEPR, predict the molecular geometry of SF 4 . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The molecular geometry of SF 4 is seesaw.

Using VSEPR, predict the molecular geometry of O 3 . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The molecular geometry of O 3 is bent.

Larger Molecules ,[object Object]

Polarity ,[object Object],[object Object]

CO 2 : Polar or nonpolar? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: The bond dipoles in CO 2 cancel one another such that the molecule will exhibit no net overall dipole. Thus, it is a nonpolar molecule. ,[object Object],[object Object]

SO 2 : Polar or nonpolar? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],Clearly from the bond dipoles the molecule SO 2 will exhibit a net overall dipole, thus being a polar molecule.

Overlap and Bonding ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Hybrid Orbitals ,[object Object]

Hybrid Orbitals ,[object Object],[object Object]

Hybrid Orbitals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

All you need to know about orbital hybridization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Which kind of hybridization is about the central atom in PCl 5 ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The hybridization for PCl 5 is sp 3 d , as shown to the right.

Valence Bond Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sigma (  ) Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pi (  ) Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multiple Bonds ,[object Object]

Multiple Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object]

In the molecule HCN, how many sigma bonds (  ) and how many pi bonds (  ) are there? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Total = Two sigma + two pi One sigma One sigma Two pi

In the molecule C 2 H 4 , how many sigma bonds (  ) and how many pi bonds (  ) are there? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Correct Answer: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The sigma and pi bonds for C 2 H 4 are indicated in the illustration.

Delocalized Electrons: Resonance ,[object Object]

Delocalized Electrons: Resonance ,[object Object],[object Object]

Resonance ,[object Object],[object Object]

Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory ,[object Object]

Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

MO Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

MO Theory ,[object Object],1 2 (2 - 0) = 1

MO Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],1 2 (2 - 2) = 0

MO Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter 9 Lecture- Molecular Geometry

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Chapter 9 Lecture- Molecular Geometry