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Idaho National Laboratory –
Overview & EV Activities

Jim Francfort
Drive Oregon
Kells
Portland, OR
November 7, 2013
Our History

•  Nuclear Energy in the U.S.
–  1940’s and 1950’s from concept to prototype
–  1960’s from prototype to commercialization
–  1970’s an industry is launched
–  1980’s ensuring safety
–  1990’s laying the foundation for a new
generation of nuclear power plants
–  2000 & beyond a new generation of nuclear
power and advanced fuel cycle technologies
Idaho National Laboratory is a GovernmentOwned, Contractor Operated (GOCO) Institution
INL’s Position – Nationally
ü One of 10 large DOE multi-program labs
ü DOE’s lead lab for nuclear energy

National Labs are
“Capability Machines”
They do what
Universities and
Industry Can’t, Won’t
or Shouldn’t do
The Idaho National Laboratory Site
We Maintain –
•  890 square miles
•  111 miles of electrical transmission
and distribution lines
•  579 buildings
•  177 miles of paved roads
•  14 miles of railroad lines
•  3 reactors
•  2 spent fuel pools
•  Mass transit system
•  Security
•  Museum
•  “Landfills”
•  300 metric tons of used fuel
•  Educational and research
partnerships – CAES

…the National Nuclear Laboratory
INL Programs of National Importance

Research – Development – Demonstration – Deployment
INL Energy & Environment – Research,
Development, Demonstration and Deployment
Capabilities
*

Energy Conversion
& Transmission
Design, Modeling &
Validation

*

Materials &
Chemical Process
Technologies

*

Geoscience

*

Nuclear &
Radiological
Materials Science &
Engineering

*

Systems and
Materials
Performance
Analyses

*

Applied Computing,
Visualization, Intelligent
Control

CAES
Energy
Storage
Testing Lab
Energy Systems Laboratory
Biomass Processing, Battery Testing, Hybrid Systems
* Synergistic with our nuclear mission

National Laboratories are Capability Machines
INL National & Homeland Security – Research,
Development, Demonstration and Deployment
Capabilities
*

*

*

*

Industrial
Wireless
Explosives
Control Systems Communications Detection & Testing
Cyber Security

Armor
Development

Nonproliferation /
Safeguards & Security

* Our nuclear laboratory infrastructure provides N&HS capabilities

National Laboratories are Capability Machines

Unmanned
Systems
EV / Infrastructure Testing Experience
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

122 million test miles accumulated on 11,600 electric drive
vehicles and 16,300 EVSE and DCFC
EV Project: 8,113 Leafs, Volts and Smarts, 12,065 EVSE
and DCFC, reporting 3.5 million charge events, 103 million
test miles. 1 million miles every 6 days
Charge Point: 4,253 EVSE reporting 1.5 million charge
events
PHEVs: 15 models, 434 PHEVs, 4 million test miles
EREVs: 2 model, 156 EREVs, 2.3 million test miles
HEVs: 24 models, 58 HEVs, 6.4 million test miles
Micro hybrid (stop/start) vehicles: 3 models, 7 MHVs,
608,000 test miles
NEVs: 24 models, 372 NEVs, 200,000 test miles
BEVs: 48 models, 2,000 BEVs, 5 million test miles
UEVs: 3 models, 460 UEVs, 1 million test miles
EV Project Infrastructure Reporting
• 20,000 discrete data sources (Vehicles, EVSE and DC
Fast Chargers) from DOE’s/ECOtality’s EV Project. INL
analyzes grid use and vehicle data for reporting
– Supports the what, when, and where of grid
infrastructure deployment decisions
– Document impact when public EVSE costs money
– Document economic incentives to shift charge times
– Document drivers’ real-world grid-use decisions
– Document BEV versus PHEV grid use
– Document regional grid-use variations
– Provide electric utilities with service territory specific
grid demand information
ChargePoint Infrastructure Reporting
• 4,250 ChargePoint EVSE demonstration
– Demonstrates residential, private commercial and
public grid use
– Supports what kind of and where grid infrastructure
should be placed
– Document regional grid-use variations
Public Demand

Commercial Demand

Residential Demand
Conductive EVSE & DCFC Testing
• Tested and reported 14 Levels 1 & 2 EVSE, and DC Fast
Chargers (DCFC), with additional units in the test queue
• Developing with SAE multi EVSE, DCFC and PEV
compatibility testing regime
– Benchmarks grid-to-vehicle and grid-to-battery
efficiencies, standby power requirements, power
quality feedbacks
– Reduces SAE J1772 incompatibility problems
EVSE AC Watt Consumption Prior to & During Chevy Volt Charging
80

70
60
50

EVSE	
  AC	
  W 	
  Consumption	
   Prior	
  to	
  Charge
EVSE	
  AC	
  W 	
  Consumption	
   During	
  Charge

40
30
20
10

0

See http://avt.inel.gov/evse.shtml
for individual testing fact sheets
Wireless Charging Testing
• Testing two lab and vehicle based Wireless Charging
systems with additional NDA’s being signed
• Developing with SAE wireless charging testing
procedures
– Benchmark grid-to-vehicle and grid-to-vehicle wireless
efficiencies, standby power requirements, power
quality, FCC compliance, and safety
– Supports SAE’s development testing procedures
– Independent assessments of alternative charging
technology
Other Grid Infrastructure Activities
• Fleet grid demand reduction demonstration in AZ
– Demonstrate DCFC grid demand reduction use at
existing test fleet with distributed energy storage
• EVSE Grid Study for DOE Office of Electricity
– Time of use rate impacts on pricing elasticity
• Cyber security testing of 5 Level 2 Grid Smart EVSE
– Examines vulnerabilities from EVSE to back office
operations, and potentially connected utilities
– Benchmark efficiencies and standby power unit use
• Eventual cyber security testing wireless charging
– Will examine wireless vulnerabilities
Other Grid Infrastructure Activities – cont’d
• New York City electric taxi and infrastructure study
– For the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission and DOE,
document BEV taxi travel and EVSE and DCFC grid use
in highly congested environment
– Supports inner city EVSE and DCFC planning
• Dublin Ireland electric taxi study
– Signing NDA to document BEV taxi travel and EVSE
and DCFC grid use in EU congested environment
– Supports US/EU partnership and comparison to NYC
Other Grid Infrastructure Activities – cont’d
• Singing NDA for I-5 DCFC travel corridor study
– For DOTs of Oregon and Washington, document DCFC
use for multi-leg and single-leg trips
– Supports USDOT and state DOTs: where to place
interstate travel corridor EVSE & DCFC quandary
• NYSERDA 580 EVSE L2 data collection. 6+ Manufacturers
– Demonstrates private commercial and public grid use in
challenging environments in New York State
– Supports the where of grid infrastructure
• Grid and vehicle study at three DOD bases. Fourth base
EVSE deployment and data collection
– Determines DOD base grid suitability to support new
EVSE and DCFC based on travel patterns
– Supports DOD’s petroleum reduction and DOE/DOD
MOU
Other Grid Infrastructure Activities – cont’d
• Nissan Leaf DCFC Testing
– Grid and battery impacts from DCFC charging
– Probable secondary use distributed storage study
• Battery Mule Testing of advanced batteries
– Traction battery testing will provide secondary use
battery for distributed energy study
• Chevy Volt and other OEM demonstrations
– Demonstrates BEV, PHEV and EREV grid use
• Grid Interaction Technical Team
– Project(s) selection and execution as team member

INL/MIS-13-30559
Partnering Opportunities & The Future(?)
• INL’s AVTA is a testing activity that does not develop new
technologies. We are unbiased, independent testers
• ODOT and various Oregon fleets already work with AVTA
• Other INL programs perform CRADA and Work for Others
research activities
• INL does a significant amount of energy storage (batteries,
etc.) development and testing with other organizations,
including Federal, university and private organizations
– 650 energy storage data collection channels currently
on button cells to full size packs
• The EV Future?
– Every vehicle will be at least partially electric, it is the
only option
• INL has already introduced electric transportation on Mars
INL/MIS-13-30559
The National Nuclear Laboratory

19

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Idaho National Labs - Overview & Electric Vehicle Activities

  • 1. Idaho National Laboratory – Overview & EV Activities Jim Francfort Drive Oregon Kells Portland, OR November 7, 2013
  • 2. Our History •  Nuclear Energy in the U.S. –  1940’s and 1950’s from concept to prototype –  1960’s from prototype to commercialization –  1970’s an industry is launched –  1980’s ensuring safety –  1990’s laying the foundation for a new generation of nuclear power plants –  2000 & beyond a new generation of nuclear power and advanced fuel cycle technologies
  • 3. Idaho National Laboratory is a GovernmentOwned, Contractor Operated (GOCO) Institution
  • 4. INL’s Position – Nationally ü One of 10 large DOE multi-program labs ü DOE’s lead lab for nuclear energy National Labs are “Capability Machines” They do what Universities and Industry Can’t, Won’t or Shouldn’t do
  • 5. The Idaho National Laboratory Site We Maintain – •  890 square miles •  111 miles of electrical transmission and distribution lines •  579 buildings •  177 miles of paved roads •  14 miles of railroad lines •  3 reactors •  2 spent fuel pools •  Mass transit system •  Security •  Museum •  “Landfills” •  300 metric tons of used fuel •  Educational and research partnerships – CAES …the National Nuclear Laboratory
  • 6. INL Programs of National Importance Research – Development – Demonstration – Deployment
  • 7. INL Energy & Environment – Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Capabilities * Energy Conversion & Transmission Design, Modeling & Validation * Materials & Chemical Process Technologies * Geoscience * Nuclear & Radiological Materials Science & Engineering * Systems and Materials Performance Analyses * Applied Computing, Visualization, Intelligent Control CAES Energy Storage Testing Lab Energy Systems Laboratory Biomass Processing, Battery Testing, Hybrid Systems * Synergistic with our nuclear mission National Laboratories are Capability Machines
  • 8. INL National & Homeland Security – Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Capabilities * * * * Industrial Wireless Explosives Control Systems Communications Detection & Testing Cyber Security Armor Development Nonproliferation / Safeguards & Security * Our nuclear laboratory infrastructure provides N&HS capabilities National Laboratories are Capability Machines Unmanned Systems
  • 9. EV / Infrastructure Testing Experience •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  122 million test miles accumulated on 11,600 electric drive vehicles and 16,300 EVSE and DCFC EV Project: 8,113 Leafs, Volts and Smarts, 12,065 EVSE and DCFC, reporting 3.5 million charge events, 103 million test miles. 1 million miles every 6 days Charge Point: 4,253 EVSE reporting 1.5 million charge events PHEVs: 15 models, 434 PHEVs, 4 million test miles EREVs: 2 model, 156 EREVs, 2.3 million test miles HEVs: 24 models, 58 HEVs, 6.4 million test miles Micro hybrid (stop/start) vehicles: 3 models, 7 MHVs, 608,000 test miles NEVs: 24 models, 372 NEVs, 200,000 test miles BEVs: 48 models, 2,000 BEVs, 5 million test miles UEVs: 3 models, 460 UEVs, 1 million test miles
  • 10. EV Project Infrastructure Reporting • 20,000 discrete data sources (Vehicles, EVSE and DC Fast Chargers) from DOE’s/ECOtality’s EV Project. INL analyzes grid use and vehicle data for reporting – Supports the what, when, and where of grid infrastructure deployment decisions – Document impact when public EVSE costs money – Document economic incentives to shift charge times – Document drivers’ real-world grid-use decisions – Document BEV versus PHEV grid use – Document regional grid-use variations – Provide electric utilities with service territory specific grid demand information
  • 11. ChargePoint Infrastructure Reporting • 4,250 ChargePoint EVSE demonstration – Demonstrates residential, private commercial and public grid use – Supports what kind of and where grid infrastructure should be placed – Document regional grid-use variations Public Demand Commercial Demand Residential Demand
  • 12. Conductive EVSE & DCFC Testing • Tested and reported 14 Levels 1 & 2 EVSE, and DC Fast Chargers (DCFC), with additional units in the test queue • Developing with SAE multi EVSE, DCFC and PEV compatibility testing regime – Benchmarks grid-to-vehicle and grid-to-battery efficiencies, standby power requirements, power quality feedbacks – Reduces SAE J1772 incompatibility problems EVSE AC Watt Consumption Prior to & During Chevy Volt Charging 80 70 60 50 EVSE  AC  W  Consumption   Prior  to  Charge EVSE  AC  W  Consumption   During  Charge 40 30 20 10 0 See http://avt.inel.gov/evse.shtml for individual testing fact sheets
  • 13. Wireless Charging Testing • Testing two lab and vehicle based Wireless Charging systems with additional NDA’s being signed • Developing with SAE wireless charging testing procedures – Benchmark grid-to-vehicle and grid-to-vehicle wireless efficiencies, standby power requirements, power quality, FCC compliance, and safety – Supports SAE’s development testing procedures – Independent assessments of alternative charging technology
  • 14. Other Grid Infrastructure Activities • Fleet grid demand reduction demonstration in AZ – Demonstrate DCFC grid demand reduction use at existing test fleet with distributed energy storage • EVSE Grid Study for DOE Office of Electricity – Time of use rate impacts on pricing elasticity • Cyber security testing of 5 Level 2 Grid Smart EVSE – Examines vulnerabilities from EVSE to back office operations, and potentially connected utilities – Benchmark efficiencies and standby power unit use • Eventual cyber security testing wireless charging – Will examine wireless vulnerabilities
  • 15. Other Grid Infrastructure Activities – cont’d • New York City electric taxi and infrastructure study – For the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission and DOE, document BEV taxi travel and EVSE and DCFC grid use in highly congested environment – Supports inner city EVSE and DCFC planning • Dublin Ireland electric taxi study – Signing NDA to document BEV taxi travel and EVSE and DCFC grid use in EU congested environment – Supports US/EU partnership and comparison to NYC
  • 16. Other Grid Infrastructure Activities – cont’d • Singing NDA for I-5 DCFC travel corridor study – For DOTs of Oregon and Washington, document DCFC use for multi-leg and single-leg trips – Supports USDOT and state DOTs: where to place interstate travel corridor EVSE & DCFC quandary • NYSERDA 580 EVSE L2 data collection. 6+ Manufacturers – Demonstrates private commercial and public grid use in challenging environments in New York State – Supports the where of grid infrastructure • Grid and vehicle study at three DOD bases. Fourth base EVSE deployment and data collection – Determines DOD base grid suitability to support new EVSE and DCFC based on travel patterns – Supports DOD’s petroleum reduction and DOE/DOD MOU
  • 17. Other Grid Infrastructure Activities – cont’d • Nissan Leaf DCFC Testing – Grid and battery impacts from DCFC charging – Probable secondary use distributed storage study • Battery Mule Testing of advanced batteries – Traction battery testing will provide secondary use battery for distributed energy study • Chevy Volt and other OEM demonstrations – Demonstrates BEV, PHEV and EREV grid use • Grid Interaction Technical Team – Project(s) selection and execution as team member INL/MIS-13-30559
  • 18. Partnering Opportunities & The Future(?) • INL’s AVTA is a testing activity that does not develop new technologies. We are unbiased, independent testers • ODOT and various Oregon fleets already work with AVTA • Other INL programs perform CRADA and Work for Others research activities • INL does a significant amount of energy storage (batteries, etc.) development and testing with other organizations, including Federal, university and private organizations – 650 energy storage data collection channels currently on button cells to full size packs • The EV Future? – Every vehicle will be at least partially electric, it is the only option • INL has already introduced electric transportation on Mars INL/MIS-13-30559
  • 19. The National Nuclear Laboratory 19