The document discusses two studies: 1) A combination therapy for breast cancer cells that was shown to be effective in vitro, targeting genes that promote cancer cell growth. 2) A safer alternative gene therapy for HIV infection that uses zinc finger nucleases to eliminate the CCR5 receptor in T cells, making them resistant to HIV. The therapies show promise for treating cancers resistant to chemotherapy and providing an effective treatment for HIV infection.

1. “STUDY DEMONSTRATES EMMANUEL
EFFECTIVENESS OF ALVAREZ
LONDOÑO
COMBINATION THERAPY FOR
BREAST CANCER CELLS IN MEDICINE
STUDENT
VITRO” AND “SAFER III SEMESTER
ALTERNATIVE TO
UNIVERSIDAD
EXPERIMENTAL GENE PONTIFICIA
THERAPY AGAINST HIV BOLIVARIANA
INFECTION” MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY

4. INTRODUCTION
 Consists of a combination therapy
focused on breast cancer cells,
including those resistant to
chemotherapy, which was used in a
HDACi and a calpain inhibitor.
 This method of scientists is more
secure than normal and gene
therapy is both a protein with zinc
finger nuclease (ZFN) and a
nuclease, these work together one
selects the exact gene and over the
short chain DNA.

5. “STUDY DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY
FOR BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 3, 2012)
• The anti-cancer treatment by Boston
University, not only serves the triple
negative breast cancer, also for other
cancers resistant to chemotherapy and
other treatments.
• This combination therapy seeks genes
that are silenced are expressed to
produce the inhibitor of cell growth,
and thus control the triple negative
breast cancer.

6. “STUDY DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY
FOR BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 3, 2012)
 HER2 is an oncogene, there are drugs
such as Herceptin to help combat the
problem in triple negative breast
cancer is HER2 or not is another type
of marker, so this is so deadly cancer
and its treatment is so complex.
 The triple negative breast cancer is
very aggressive and metastatic,
resistant to treatment with Herceptin,
in charge of uniting with HER2 signal
and stimulate growth arrest and cell
spreading.

7. “STUDY DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY
FOR BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 3, 2012)
 The therapy used in this
research is to inhibitors of
histone deacetylases of
(HDACi) and calpeptin,
calpain calpeptin inhibits a
protein responsible for
signaling and promote cell
cycle.

8. “STUDY DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY
FOR BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 3, 2012)
 The study yielded very positive results,
the cells increased cell death, inhibitors
were expressed and decreased the
spread and growth of cancer cells.
 The study should be further investigated,
as was conducting in vitro, but so far
gives results very positive and
encouraging for modern medicine.

9. OBSERVATION
I think a study that has very good looking, has a
clear goal and so far the results have been very
encouraging. From what I could investigate the
news I think the drugs used in this combination
therapy will be effective in vivo study, are focused
on key cell cycle inhibitors and propagation and cell
growth.

10. “SAFER ALTERNATIVE TO EXPERIMENTAL GENE THERAPY AGAINST HIV
INFECTION”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 2, 2012)
 Scientists have designed a
method to eliminate the CCR5
receptor, which becomes
resistant to T cells against HIV.
 the ZFN is responsible for
marking a specific gene and
nuclease cuts it, these two
proteins are highly accurate.

11. “SAFER ALTERNATIVE TO EXPERIMENTAL GENE THERAPY AGAINST HIV
INFECTION”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 2, 2012)
 ZFN proteins were added
to T cells and was
diminished in these
CCR5 means that if the
gene inactive.
 In this therapy is also
working on trying to
reprogram fibroblasts lot
of his to become stem
cells.

12. “SAFER ALTERNATIVE TO EXPERIMENTAL GENE THERAPY AGAINST HIV
INFECTION”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 2, 2012)
 Retroviruses as vectors in gene therapy have a significant drawback,
namely that the integrase enzyme can insert the genetic material in any
area of the host genome.

13. “SAFER ALTERNATIVE TO EXPERIMENTAL GENE THERAPY AGAINST HIV
INFECTION”
NEWS-MEDICALS
(JULY. 2, 2012)
 If the result in the transformation
of fibroblasts into stem cells,
would be an effective therapy for
patients with HIV, as it would
replace its new T cells infected
lymphocytes and also resistant to
the virus, this is the goal they want
to meet the scientists who made
this study suggest that "Even a
small number of stem cells that
lead to this characteristic of HIV
resistance could reach a patient
completely replace the original T
cell population and vulnerable"

14. OBSERVATION
 I think a study that may come to accomplish great
results, but I think it is a big barrier and that is like
discovering an effective and safe to enter the cell ZFN, a
vector that is not a virus, could be a lipid molecule, as a
kind of micelle, capable of traversing the membrane and
into the cytosol is capable of releasing its contents.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY
“STUDY DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY
FOR BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO”
For treatment of breast cancer have several
treatments, including the Herceptin, tamoxifen,
aromatase inhibitor and other more, but for triple
negative breast cancer there are very few treatments
and there are not very effective, this New therapy
proposed by the University of Boston, is useful for the
large percentage of people suffering from this
aggressive disease.

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
“STUDY DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY
FOR BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO”
This combination therapy seeks genes that are silenced are
expressed to produce the inhibitor of cell growth, and thus
control the triple negative breast cancer, but not only this type
of cancer also for certain cancers that are resistant to
chemotherapy and other antineoplastic drugs, which would
contribute to the preservation of human life and the
improvement of the quality of this.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY
“SAFER ALTERNATIVE TO EXPERIMENTAL GENE THERAPY AGAINST HIV
INFECTION ”
The medical utility of this method is basically very large AIDS treatment
and prevention of this disease every day is expanding worldwide, it is
possible that in the future from this method is invented a type of vaccine
to prevent AIDS, becoming resistant to all of our T cell Also in AIDS, can be
very useful method of cutting this gene, when hematopoietic stem cells
reprogrammed to assist the production of new healthy T lymphocytes.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
“SAFER ALTERNATIVE TO EXPERIMENTAL GENE THERAPY AGAINST HIV
INFECTION ”
AIDS not onlyin this study may be necessary, also in also in other
AIDS not only
in this study may be necessary, other disease
associated with genetic alterations, such as enzyme deficiencies or
structural associated withbe replaced by another gene expression and
disease alterations, would genetic alterations, such as enzyme
would give the necessary reconfiguration alsowould be replaced by
deficiencies or structural alterations, in hematopoietic stem cell
another gene expression and would give the necessary
would be effective in the treatment of leukemias and anemias the large
reconfiguration alsoamount of the world. stem cell would be
in hematopoietic
effective in the treatment of leukemias and anemias the
large amount of the world.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Martinez
S, Lina Maria. Biología Molecular. 5
ed Medellín: UPB. Fac Medicina
 Study Demonstrates Effectiveness of
combination therapy for breast cancer cells in
vitro. News-Medicals. July 3, 2012.
 Safer alternative to experimental gene therapy
against HIV infection .News-Medicals. July 2,
2012.

20. GRACIAS