سلسلة بيسان الانجليزية 1
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سلسلة بيسان الانجليزية 1
- 1. Pronouns ﻤﻠ ٍ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ٍ ﻭﻻ ﺤﺎﺠـﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﺀ، ﻭ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺠﱡﺏ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺔ ﻩ ﺠ ﻪ ﻨ ﺘ • .ﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻩ، ﻟﻼﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ • :: ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥPersonal Pronouns1 I, You, He, She, It, They, We -: : ﻭﻫﻲSubject Pronouns me, you, him , her , it , them , us -: : ﻭﻫﻲObject Pronouns .ٍ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻭﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺒﻪ ﺒﺩ ﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻠ ٍ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﻪ ﻪ ﻻ ﺘ ü Subject Object Singular Plural Singular Plural I ﺃﻨﺎ We ﻨﺤﻥ me ـﻨﻲ us ﻨﺎ He ﻫﻭ him ـﻪ She ﻫﻲ They ﻥ ﻫﻡ/ﻫ her ـﻬﺎ them ﻥ ـﻬﻡ/ ـﻬ It ﻫﻭ/ ﻫﻲ it ـﻪ / ـﻬﺎ You ﺃﻨﺕ You ﺃﻨﺘﻡ you ـﻙ you ـﻜﻡ Examples ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔ 1. I am a doctor. .ﺃﻨﺎ ﻁﺒﻴﺏ 2. Samy visited me yesterday. .ِ ﺯﺍﺭﻨﻲ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﺱ 3. He is my friend. .ﻫﻭ ﺼﺩﻴﻘﻲ 4. I welcomed him. .ﺒ ﹸ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻨﺎ ﺭ ﺤﺕ 5. We visited our friend. .ﺭﻨﺎ ﺼﺩﻴﻘﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﻥ ﺯ 6. They welcomed us. .ﺒﻭﺍ ﺒﻨﺎ ﻫﻡ ﺭ ﺤ 7. I invited them. .ﺃﻨﺎ ﺩﻋﻭﺘﻬﻡ 8. She met her uncle yesterday. .ِ ﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﻠﹶﺕﹾ ﻋ ﻗﺎ ﺱ ﻤ ﺒ 9. We shall visit you tomorrow. . )ﺴﻨﺯﻭﺭ ﹸﻡ( ﻏﺩﹰ ﺴﻨﺯﻭ ﺍ ﻜ ﺭﻙ 10. You should help the old man. .ل ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻭﺯ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺃﻥ ﹸﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟ ﺭﺠ ﺘ 1
- 2. -: ﻭﻫﻲPossessive Pronouns 2 Singular Plural my mine our ours his his theirs her hers their its its your yours your yours | .(( ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ، ﻭ ﹸﹼﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ )ﻴ ﹸﺹPossessive Adjectives) 1. ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺨ ﻜﻠ ﺎ .(ﺔ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ، ﻭ ﹸﹼﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ )ﻴ ﹸﺹ2. ﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜ ﺨ ﻜﻠ ﺎ ﻴ Examples ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔ 1. It is my pen. . ﻗﻠﻤﻲ ﺇﹼ ﻨﻪ 2. It is mine. .ﻨﻲ ﻴ ﹸ ﺇﹼ ﻨﻪ ﺨﺼ 3. It is not yours. .( ﻻ ﻴ ﹸ ﻗﻠﻤﻙ )ﺇﹼ ﻟﻴ ﺇﹼ ﻨﻪ ﺨﺼﻙ ﻨﻪ ﺱ 4. I found his bag. . ﻭﺠﺩ ﹸ ﺤﻘﻴﺒﺘﹶ ﻪ ﺕ 5. This bag is his. . ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﺘ ﹸ ﺨﺼﻪ 6. This is our garden. .ﻫﺫﻩ ﺤﺩﻴﻘ ﹸﻨﺎ ﺘ 7. This garden is ours. .ﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﻘ ﹸ ﺘ ﹸ ﺔ ﺨﺼ 8. They entered their garden. .ﺩﺨﻠﻭﺍ ﺤﺩﻴﻘﺘﹶﻬﻡ 9. That garden is theirs. .ﻬﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﻘ ﹸ ﺘ ﹸ ﺔ ﺨﺼ 10. Did you bring your car? ﻫل ﺃﺤﻀﺭﺕ ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺘﻙ؟ 11. This car is yours. .ﻙ ﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺘ ﹸ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺼ ﺴ Reflexive or EmphasingPronouns3 ﻥ ﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻔﻌـﻭل ﻷ ﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟ :ﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﺄﻜﻴﺩ. )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﻔ ِ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ، ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺃﺜ ﻤ ﻀ ﻴ ﺘ ﺭ ﺱ ﺭ ﺘ • .(ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺨﺹ ﺸ .( ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊselves) (ﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ )ﺃﻨ ﹸﺱ ﻟﻠself (ﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ )ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﻤ ﻤ ﻀ • :ﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻤﻘﺭﻭﻨ ﹰ ﺒﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻟﻼﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﹼﻭﻉ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻭ ﹸﺠﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺔ ﻀ ﻨ • 2
- 3. Singular Plural I ﺃﻨﺎ myself ﻨﻔﺴﻲ / ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲ We ﻨﺤﻥ ourselves ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ / ﺒﺄﻨﻔ ِﻨﺎ ﺴ He ﻫﻭ himself ﻨﻔﺴﻪ / ﺒﻨﻔ ِﻪ ﺴ ﻫﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ / ﺒﻨﻔ ِﻬﺎ ﺴ ﻥ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ / ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬ She herself They ﻫ ﻫﻥ / ﻡ themselves ( ِ ِ )ﺒﺄﻨﻔ ِ ِﻡ / ﺒﺄﻨﻔ ﺴﻬﻥ ﺴﻬ ﻫﻭ / ﻫﻲ ـﺴﻪ / ـﺴﻬﺎ ﻨﻔـ ﻨﻔـ It itself ﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗل ()ﺒﻨﻔ ِ ِ / ﺒﻨﻔ ِﻬﺎ ﺴ ﺴﻪ ﻥ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻜﻡ / ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻜ You ﺃﻨﺕ yourself ﻨﻔﺴﻙ / ﺒﻨﻔ ِﻙ ﺴ You ﺘﻥ ﺃﻨ ﹸﻡ / ﺃﻨ ﹸ ﺘ yourselves ( )ﺒﺄﻨﻔﺴﻜﻡ / ﺒﺄﻨﻔﺴﻜ ﻥ Examples ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔ 1. I blamed myself. .ﺨ ﹸ ﻨﻔﺴﻲ / ﹸﻤ ﹸ ﻨﻔﺴﻲﻭ ﻟ ﺕ ﺒ ﺕ 2. He blamed himself. .ﻪ ﻨﻔ ﺦﹶ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ / ﻻﻭ ُﻡ ﺴ ﺒ 3. You blamed yourself. .ﻙ ﺨﺕ / ﹸﻤﺕ ﻨﻔﺃﻨﺕ ﻭ ﺴ ﻟ ﺒ 4. You blamed yourselves. . ﹸﻡ ﹸﻡ / ﺍﻨﺘﻡ ﹸﻤ ﹸﻡ ﺃﻨ ﹸ ﺨﹾ ﹸﻡ ﺃﻨ ﹸﻭ ﻟ ﺘ ﻔ ﺴﻜ ﺒ ﺘ ﻔ ﺴﻜ 5. They blamed themselves .ﻡ ﻡ / ﻻﻤﻭﺍ ﺃﻨﻔ ﺨﻭﺍ ﺃﻨﻔﻭ ﺴﻬ ﺴﻬ ﺒ 6. Mr. Ahmed himself visited me. .(ﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻨﻔ ِ ِ )ﻟﻠﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩ ﺯﺍﺭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺴﻪ ﺴ 7. The manager himself visited him. .ﻨﺎ ِ ِ ﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﻨﻔ ﺍﻟ ﺯﺍﺭ ﺴﻪ ﻫ ﻩ ﻤ : DemonstrativeAdjectives4 .ﺎ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﻴﺩ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﺸﻲ ٍ ﺇ ﺀ ﻤ ﺘ • .ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ • ﻟ ﹼﻲﺀ ﺸ ﻟ ﹼﻲﺀ ﺸ this ﻫﺫﺍ / ﻫﺫﻩ these ﻫﺅﻻﺀ that ﺫﻟﻙ / ﺘﻠﻙthose ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ | ( this, that, these, those ) ﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻫﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟDemonstrativePronouns ü ﺴ .(noun) ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺃ ﻥ 1. This pen is mine. .ﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ ﻴﺨ ﺼ 2. This is my pen. .(ﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻤﻲ ) ﺒﻴﺩﻱ 3. Those are book. .ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﹸﺘﺏ ﻜ . ﺎ ﻀﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺃü ﻤ 3
- 4. Examples ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔ 1. This is my book in my hand. .ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺩﻱ 2. That book on the shelf is not mine. .ﻨﻲ ﻑ ﻻ ﻴﺨ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺭ 3. These pupils in this class are very clever. .ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﹼﻼﻤﻴﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼ ِ ﻤﻬﺭ ﹰ ﺠﺩﹰ ﺓ ﺍ ل ﺘ 4. Those pupils in that class are not clever. .ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﹼﻼﻤﻴﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺼ ِ ﻟﻴﺴﻭﺍ ﻤﻬﺭ ﹰ ﺓ ل ﺘ Exercise No. 1 ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥ *) Choose the right answer between brackets:- :ﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺼ 1. The window is green. (He – She – It) is not yellow. 2. Usama is standing up. (He – She – It) is not sitting down. The pencils are in the box. (He – They – We) are not on the table. The plane is in the air. 3. (She – It – He – They) is flying to Cairo. 4. My name is Ahmed. (I – Me – My) am fifteen years old. 5. (We – Our – Us) are students. 6. (Yours – You – Your) are teachers. 7. (Your – Yours – You) books are new. 8. He is doing his work; I am doing (my – mine – me). 9. He is doing his work; I am doing (my – mine – me) work. 10. The girl is drinking milk. She is drinking (she – it – they – he) from the glass. 11. The children are eating apples. They are eating (them – her – him) in the room. 12. You should do your homework by (yourself – himself – herself). 13. We finished our homework. We finished it by (ourselves – themselves – yourself). 14. I always depend on (himself – myself – herself). 15. The boys helped the old man. They helped him (ourselves – themselves – herself). 16. The doctor told Huda and Nabil to take care of (themselves – herself – yourself). 17. (Those – This – That) girls are playing basketball. 18. (This – These – That) pupils are polite. 19. (This – These – Those) bag is mine. Patience is a key to relief. 4
- 5. The Verb ِﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ ﻓﻌل ).(Verb ﻴ ﺠ ﻤ ﻀ • ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯ ﺔ ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ: ﻴ • ﺙ 1 (Full verbﻤﺜل: ﻴﺴﺎﻓﺭ travelـ ﻴﺯﻭﺭ visitـ ﻌﻁﻲ ،giveﻭﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺤـﺩ ٍ ﺩ ﻴ ﺃﺯﻤﻨﺔ، ﺴﻨﺩﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ، ﻤﺜل: .1. He always travels to France ) ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ( ﻤ ﻫﻭ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰ ﺴﺎﻓﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ. ﺎﻴ .2. He is travelling to France now ) ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟ ﺴﺘﻤﺭ( ﻤ ﻤ ﺴﺎﻓﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ. ﻴ 2 Helping ( Auxiliary )Vereb ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺩل ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺎ ٍ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺩ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﺩﺍ ٍ. ﺙ ل ﻥ ﺓ ﻤ • ﻭ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟ ِ ﺨﻠﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻟ ﺍل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ٍ، ﻤﺜل: ﺙ ِ ﺩ ﺠ ﺔ ﻴ ﺍ ﻤ ﺘ • ﻴﻜﺘﺏ - writeﻴﺸﺘﺭﻱ ........ buyﺍﻟﺦ، ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ ﻻ ﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻌل ).(verb ﻴ ﺒ ﻥ ﺠ 1. ِﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻔﻲ. ﻨ ﺼ 2. ِﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ. ﺼ 3. ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل ).(Passive ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﺩﻗ ٍ ﺘﺎ ﺔ. ﺔ ﻤ ﻤ ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌ ِ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎ ٍ، ﻭﻟﻜل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋ ٍ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻡ، ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎل ﺔ ﺕ ﺔ ﻤ • ﺍﻟﹼﺎﻗﺼﺔ. ﻨ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌ ٍ ﻤﺴﺎﻋ ٍ ﺒﻭﻀ ِ ) (notﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻌ ِ ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﹰ، ﻤﺜل: ﺓ ﻤ ل ﻤ ﻊ ﺩ ل ﺠ • .1. They are students ﺇ ﹼﻬﻡ ﺘﻼﻤﻴﺫ. ﻨ .2. They are not students ﺇ ﹼﻬﻡ ﻟﻴﺴﻭﺍ ﺘﻼﻤﻴﺫ. ﻨ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺴﺅﺍل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌ ٍ ﻤﺴﺎﻋ ٍ، ﺒﻭﻀ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻭ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﺴـﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻤ ﻊ ﺩ ل ﺠ • ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴ ِ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ )؟(، ﻤﺜل: ﺔ ﺠ .1. He is a doctor ﻫﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﺏ. ?2. Is he a doctor ﻫل ﻫﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﺏ؟ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴ ِ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺼﺎﻍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ، ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ. ﺠ ﻴ ﺏ ﺯ ﻤ ﻤ • ﹸﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻓﻌﺎ ﹰ ﻗﻭ ﺔ، ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺅﺍل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل، ﻭﺃ ﺎ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓ ﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻓﻌل ﻀﻌﻴﻑ. ﻴ ﻤ ﺴ ﻨ ﺘ ﻴ ﻻ ﻴ ﻤ ﺘ • 5
- 6. Forms of Verb ç The Infinitive 1 ﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺴ ﻭto ﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﻘﻪ، ﻭﻗﺩto ( ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﻠﻤﺔbase) ﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻌلﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴ ﻭﻴﺘﻜ ﻴ ﻤ ﻴ ﻴ ﻭ :(، ﻤﺜلbase infinitive) ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺼﺩ ِ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺭ (to) play ﻴﻠﻌﺏ (to) sing ﻐﹼﻲ ﻴﻨ (to) be ﻴﻜﻭﻥ The Present 2 ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩare ، وI ﻤﻊam : ﻓﻠﻪ ﺸﻜﻼﻥto be ، ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﻓﻌلto ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ :ﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻟ ﻤ play ﻴﻠﻌﺏ sing ﻐﹼﻲ ﻴﻨ am (are) ﻴﻜﻭﻥ The Present with 3rd person singular 3 .( ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌلs) ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻴﺘﻜ -( ﻷﹼs) ﺃﻭ ﺸﻜل ﺔ ﻤ ﻨﻪ ﻭ plays ﻴﻠﻌﺏ sings ﻐﹼﻲ ﻴﻨ is ﻴﻜﻭﻥ The Past 4 (، ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎلIrregular Verbs) ﻀﺎﺭﻉ. )ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﹼﺎ ﹼﺓ -( ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻟed) ﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰ ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺤﺭﻓﻲ ﻭﻴﺘﻜ ﺸﺫ ﻤ ﺔ ﺓ ﻭ .(Helping Verbs) ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻤ played ﻟﻌﺏ sang ﻏ ﹼﻲ ﻨ was (were) ﻜﺎﻥ The Past Participle 5 ،(Irregular Verbs) ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﺭﻜﻴﺏ. )ﻤـﺎ ﻋـﺩﺍ ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎل ﺍﻟـ ﹼﺎ ﹼﺓ -( ﻷﹼed) ﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺸﻜل ﺴ ﻭ ﺸﺫ ﺘ ﻨﻪ ﻴ ﻴ ﻤ .(Helping Verbs) ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﻤ played ﻟﻌﺏ sung ﻏ ﹼﻲ ﻨ been ﻜﺎﻥ The Present Participle 6 .–( ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺴﺎ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌلing) ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ -( ﻷﹼing) ﻰ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴ ﻭ ﺱ ﻨﻪ ﻴ ﻤ playing ﻴﻠﻌﺏ singing ﻐﹼﻲ ﻴﻨ being ﻴﻜﻭﻥ 6
- 7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Present with 3rd Past Present Infinitive person singular Participle Participle Present Past (base) (-s form) (-ed form) (-ing form) (to) play play plays played played playing (to) sing sing sings sang sung singing (to) be am (are) is was (were) been being | :( ﻟﻪ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﻫﻲto be) ﺘﺔ ﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟﹼﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ 1. ﻜل ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺴ to be am is are was were been being (، ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﺈﻀـﺎﻓﺔs) ﻔﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺌﺏ ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل، ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ 2. ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻤ ﻤ ،(present) ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻫﻲ: ﺍﻟ(. ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﻔﻅ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺭﺌﻴﺴing) ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻤ ﻴ (base) ﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍ ُﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺎ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل (، ﻷﹼﻪpast participle) (، ﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭلpast) ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺱ ﻷ ﻨ ﻴ :(to) ( ﺒﺩﻭﻥinfinitive) ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ Present ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ Past Past participle smile ﻴﺒﺘﺴﻡ smiled smiled bring ﺤ ِﺭ ﻴ ﻀ brought brought rise ﻴﺭﻓﻊ rose risen .{( ﺍﺴﻡ ﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﺍﺭﺴﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ }ﺍﻟ ﹼﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺎﻟﺙP.P) (Past Participle) ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺜ ﺘ ( ﻷﹼﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺸﻜ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻓـﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤـﻊFinite Verbs) ﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﹸﺴ 3. ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟ ل ﻨ ﺘ ﻤ ﻤ .ﺭ ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺨﺹ، ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻐ ﻴ ﺸ ﻰ ( ﻓﹸـﺴpresent participle) ( ﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋلpast participle) ( ﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭلinfinitive) ﺎ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ 4. ﺃ ﺘ ﻤ ﻤ .ﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺯﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺭ ﺒﻔﺎﻋ ِ ﺍﻟ ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻐ (، ﻷNon-finites or Infinities) ﺒﺎﻷﻓﻌﺎ ِ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ل ﺠ ﻴ ﻥ ل ﺭ ﹼﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻷﹼﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻌ ٍ ﻤﺤـﺩﻭ ٍ ﺨـﺎﺹ )ﻓﻌـل 5. ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺩ ل ﺓ ﻨ ﻤ ﻜ :ﺴﺎﻋﺩ( ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻓﻌل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ، ﻤﺜل ﻤ 1. Dina is playing. .ﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ (finite + non-finite) 2. He has gone home. .ﻫﻭ ﻗﺩ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ (finite + non-finite) Finite Verb : ﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺄ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻥ ﻴ Do good and cast it into the sea. 7
- 8. Helping Verbs Verb To Be Verb To Do Verb To Have Defective Verbs 1- Verb To Be be , am , is , are , was , were , been , being Pronoun Present Past I am ﺃﻜﻭﻥ was ﻔﺭﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻠ ﻤ He , She , It is ﻴﻜﻭﻥ / ﺘﻜﻭﻥ was ﻔﺭﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻠ ﻤ We , They , You are ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ were ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ am, is was be been are were Examples ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔ 1. I am a teacher. .ﺱ ﺩ ﺃﻨﺎ ﻤﺭ 2. He is a doctor. .ﻫﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﺏ 3. Huda is not a nurse. .ﻤﺭﻀﺔ ﺩﻯ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻤ ﻫ 4. I was doing my home work. .ﻜﻨ ﹸ ﺃﻋﻤل ﻭﺍﺠﺒﻲ ﺕ 5. I and Ali are neighbors. .ﺃﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻴﺭﺍﻥ 6. Are you a doctor? ﻫل ﺃﻨﺕﹶ ﻁﺒﻴﺏ؟ 7. Was she angry yesterday? ﻫل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻏﺎﻀﺒ ﹰ ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ِ؟ ﺱ ﺔ 8. Today, he is better. .ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ 9. You are not a teacher. .ﹰ ﺩ ﺃﻨﺕﹶ ﻟﺴﺕﹶ ﻤ ﺭﺴﺎ 10. They were given a good lesson yesterday. .ِ ُﻋﻁﻭﺍ ﺩﺭﺴﹰ ﺠﻴﺩﹰ ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﺱ ﺎ ﺍ ﺃ 8
- 9. | ﻤﻠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ، ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ، ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ، ﻭﻓﻲ ﺼﻴﺎﻏ ِ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟVerb To Be ﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻤل ﺍﻟ 1. ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﺔ ﺴ ﺠ .ِ ﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭ ﺴﺘﻤﺭ، ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺴﺘﻤﺭ، ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ ل ﺠ ﻤ ﻤ ﻤ ﺯ .(n't) not ﻨﻀﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎVerb To Be 2. ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻨﻔﻲ am , is , are , was , were (n't) not ﻨﻀﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ Exercise No. 2 ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥ I) Put (am), ( is) or (are) in the spaces :- : ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕare ﺃﻭis ﺃﻭam ﻀﻊ 1. The window........ green. 2. I ......... in the classroom. 3. We ........ students. 4. There ........ a pen and two pencils on the table. 5. There ........ two pencils and a pen on the table. II) Put (was) or (were) in the spaces:- : ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕwere ﺃﻭwas ﻀﻊ 1. My brother ....... ill yesterday. 2. They ........ students five years ago. 3. Huda and Nabila ........ in the hospital last month. 4. There ........ no planes two hundreds years ago. 5. There ........ a map here last week . Cowards die often. 9
- 10. 2- Verb To Do do, does did Pronoun ﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟ ﻀ Present ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ Past ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ I , We , They , You do did He , She , It does ﻤﻊ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل do + ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل = ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻨﻔﺴﻪ do + play = play does + ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل = s + ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل does + play = plays did + ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل = ﺍﻟ ﹼﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﺜ ﺘ did + play = played • .1. ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻴﻐﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻨ ﺎ ﺘ .( ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎn't) not 2. ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻔﻲ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ do not = don't does not = doesn't did not = didn't Examples ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔ 1. I do not like smoking. . ﺍﻟﹼﺩﺨﻴﻥ ِ ُ ﺃﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺤﺏ ﺘ 2. He does not remember her name. .ﻫﻭ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺫ ﹼﺭ ﺍﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﻜ 3. We do not go to school on Friday. .ﻨﺤﻥ ﻻ ﻨﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ِ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﺔ 4. Do you speak English? ﺔ ؟ﻫل ﺘﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯ ﻴ 5. Did she go to school yesterday? ﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ِ؟ ﻫل ﻫﻲ ﺫﻫ ﺱ ﺒ 6. Does he live in Gaza? ﻫل ﻴﺴ ﹸﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ؟ ﻜ I do my home work everyday. .ﺃﻋﻤل ﻭﺍﺠﺒﻲ ﻜل ﻴﻭﻡ 7. (ﻫﺫﺍ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻌل ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻭﻟﻜ ﹼﻪ ﻓﻌل ﺃﺼﻠﻲ )ﻀﻌﻴﻑ ﻨ Exercise No. 3 ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥ *) Put (do), (does) or (did) in the spaces:- : ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕdid ﺃﻭdoes ﺃﻭdo ﻀﻊ 1. .………….. he bring money yesterday? 2. She ………….. not speak Arabic. 3. I ………… not care. 4. I and Huda …………. not go to school today. 5. .…………. Samy like smoking? 10
- 11. 3- Verb To Have have, has had Pronoun ﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟ ﻀ Present ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ Past ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ I , We , They , You have had He , She , It has ﻤﻊ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل . ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎnot ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻔﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ¯ has not = hasn't have not = haven't had not = hadn't Examples ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔ 1. I have a new bag. . ﺤﻘﻴﺒ ﹰ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﹰ ِﺃﻤﺘ ﺓ ﺔ ﻠﻙ 2. Samy has a larger bag. .ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻴﻤﺘِﻙ ﺤﻘﻴﺒ ﹰ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﹰ ﺓ ﺔ ﻠ 3. The cat has a tail. .ﺍﻟﻘ ﹼﺔ ﺘﻤﺘِﻙ ﺫﻴل ﻠ ﻁ 4. I had a key but I lost it. . ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﺩ ﹸ ﻟﺩ ﺘﻪ ﻱ 5. We had a useful lesson yesterday. .ِ ﻔﻴﺩﹰ ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﺃﺨﺫﻨﺎ ﺩﺭﺴﹰ ﺱ ﺎﻤ ﺍ 6. Has Huda got any sisters? ﺩﻯ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻭﺍﺕ؟ ﻫل ﻟﺩﻯ ﻫ 7. Huda has not got any sisters. .ﺩﻯ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻭﺍﺕ ﻫ 8. I have done my work. .ﻟﻘﺩ ﹸﻤﺕ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻗ Exercise No. 4 ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥ *) Put (have ) or (has) in the spaces :- : ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕhas ﺃﻭhave ﻀﻊ 1. I ............... a new watch. 2. You ........... a red pen. 3. Usama ............... a green pencil. 4. We .............. dinner before we go to bed. 5. Ramzy ............... breakfast at home. 6. He ............. two sisters. Many hands make light work. 11
- 12. 4- Defective Verbs ç Present Past Present Past shall ﺴـ / ﺴﻭﻑshould ﻜﺎﻥ ﺴـwill ﺴـ / ﺴﻭﻑ would ﻜﺎﻥ ﺴـ can ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊcould ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊmust ﻴﺠﺏ/ﻴﻠﺯﻡ had to (ought to) may ﻴﺠﻭﺯ / ﺭﺒﻤﺎmight ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺠﻭﺯought to ﻴﺠﺏ / ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ | ( ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻭﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺜﺎﻟﺙ )ﺍﺴﻡ ﻤﻔﻌـﻭل ﻴﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﹼﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻷ .1 ﻥ ﻨ ﺴﻤ . ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻪ ﻤﺎﻀﻲgo – went – gone :ﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ٍ، ﻤﺜل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﺙ ﺩ ﺸ .(had to) ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻜﻤﺎ ٍ ﻟﻬﻤﺎmust – ought to 2. ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺽ .( ﻗﺒﻠﻪ)ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉto ( ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺭﻩ، ﺃﻭs) 3. ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻟ ﹼﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻨ . We ﺃﻭI ﺘﻜﹼﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻀﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟshall 4. ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻤ ﻠ .(They, You, He, She, It) :ﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟwill 5. ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻀ Examples ﺃﻤـﺜﻠﺔ 1. I can carry this heavy bag . .ﺃﻨﺎ ﺃﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺤﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺜ 2. The train will move .ﺴﻴﺘﺤﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﺭ ﺤﺎ ﹰ ﻻ 3. I shall come again. .ﺴﺄﺤﻀﺭ ﻤﺭﺓ ُﺨﺭﻯ ﺃ 4. We should help our parents. .ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﹸﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻭﺍِﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻟ ﻨ 5. They may meet us in Gaza. .ﻘﺎﺒﻠﻭﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺭ ﻴ 6. Students must get up early. .ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻬﺽ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻼﺏ ﻤﺒﻜﺭﻴﻥ ﻁ 7. Can you carry this bag? ﻫل ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ؟ 8. She couldn't understand me yesterday. .ِ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔﻬﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﺱ He is rich that has few wants. 12
- 13. Exercise No. 5 ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥ *) Choose the correct answer between brackets: -:ﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺼ 1. She must (help - helps - helped) her mother. 2. Ali should (gets - get - getting) up early everyday. 3. Students must not (writes - wrote - write) on the walls. 4. My father may (buys - bought - buy) a watch to me. 5. A good student must (studies - studied -study) hard. 6. We had to (helped - help - helps) the old man yesterday. | . ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻴﺔbe, have, do 1. ﹸﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘ .it, she, he ﻤﻊhas, does, was, is 2. ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺘ Manners make the man. 13
- 14. Tenses of The Verb ( ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻬـﺫﺍinfinitive) .....ﺍﻟﺦ ﻤﺼﺩﺭgo – ﻴﺫﻫﺏvisit (، ﻤﺜل: ﻴﺯﻭﺭFull Verb) ٍ ﺍل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﺍﻟ ﺙ ﺩ • .( ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﺼﻭﻏﻪ ﻓﻴﻪTense) ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺼﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻓﺎﻋل ﺍﻟ ﺯ ﺠ -:ﺍل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺙ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺯﻤﻨﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ، ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﺍﻟ ﺩ • Present Past Future Simple Continuous Perfect Simple Continuous Perfect Simple .ﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺄ ﺠ ﻥ • 1. The Present Simple Tense 1) Formation :- (s) ـﻀﺎﻑ ﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺃﹼﻪ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻫﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ )ﺍﻟ ﹼﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﻠﻔﻌل(، ﻤﻊ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟü ﻨ ﻴ ﻤ ﺘ ﻤ :(، ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻭﺏ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ، ﻤﺜلhe , she , it) ﻔﺭﺩﹰ ﻏﺎﺌﺒﹰ، ﻤﺜل ﻤﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻋل ﺍﻟ ﺎ ﺠ ﻤ ﺍ ﺔ Ali - Samia - The teacher - The cat [ 1. Ali drinks tea. drink + s = drinks 2. Huda plays football. play + s = plays 3. He eats a cake. eat + s = eats 4. I play basketball play :( ﻓﺈﹼﻪhe, she, it) ﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﺴﻤﹰ ﻤﻔﺭﺩﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻴﺭﹰ ﻤﻔﺭﺩﹰ ﻏﺎﺌﺒﹰ، ﻤﺜل ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟ ¯ ﻨ ﺎ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﺎ ﺠ (es) ﻀﺎﻑ ( ﻓﺈﹼﻪsh, ch, o, x, ss) -:ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺒﺄﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ 1. ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻴ ﻤ -: (، ﻤﺜلs) ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺒﺩ ﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻻ ﺔ wash + es = washes ﻴﻐﺴل watch + es = watches ﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻴ wish + es = wishes ﻴﺘﻤﹼﻰ ﻨ teach + es = teaches ﺱ ﻴﺩﺭ finish + es = finishes ﻨﻬﻲ ﻴ mix + es = mixes ﻴﺨﻠﻁ 14
- 15. go + es = goes ﻴﺫﻫﺏ fix + es = fixes ﺕﺜﹶ ﻴﺒ do + es = does ﻴﻔﻌل pass + es = passes ﺭ ﻌ / ﺭ ﻴﻤ ﻴ ﺒ cross + es = crosses ﺭ ﻌ ﻴﺒ match + es = matches ل ﻭ ﻴ ﺼ ـﻀﺎﻑ ﺤﺫﻑ ﻭ ﻴ ﻴ (y) ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟـ ( ﻭﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻓﺈy) ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺒﺤﺭﻑ 2. ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻥ ﻤ -:( ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل، ﻤﺜلies) ﺔ try ﻴﺤﺎﻭل tries cry ﻴﺒﻜﻲ cries study ﺱ ﻴﺩ ﺭ studies fly ﻴﻁﻴﺭ flies ( s ) ـﻀﺎﻑ ( ﻭﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ )ﺤﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﺔ(، ﻓﺈﹼـﻪy ) ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺒﺤﺭﻑ 3. ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻴ ﻤ -: ( ﻤﺜلy ) ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴ ِ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟـ ﺔ play + s = plays ﻴﻠﻌﺏ obey + s = obeys ﻁﻴﻊ ﻴ buy + s = buys ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻱ say + s = says ﻴﻘﻭل enjoy + s = enjoys ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ stay + s = stays ﻴﻤ ﹸﺙ / ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻜ ( a, e, i , o, u )vowels • 2) Usage: :ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻠﺔ ﺘ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺼﺎﻍ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟ ﺩ ﺠ ﻤ ﺠ ﻴ • -: ﻤﺜل(fact) .1 1. The earth moves around the sun. . ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﺘﺘﺤﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﺭ ﺽ ُ 2. They play football every week. .ﻫﻡ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻭﻥ ﹸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ ﹸل ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﻜ ﻜ -: ﻤﺜل (habit) .2 1. Samy goes to school every morning. .ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﻜل ﺼﺒﺎﺡ 2. Boys go to school at the age of six. .ِ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ِ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴ ِ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻻ ﺭ ﺔ ﺔ ﺩ 3) Key words :ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺢ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟ ﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤ ﺠ ﺘ ﻴ ﺠ • always ﺎ ﺩﺍﺌﻤ ﹰ never ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ / ﺃﺒﺩﹰ often ﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﹰ generally ﺎ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰ usually ﺓ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰ frequently ﺍ ﻤﺭﺍﺭﹰ / ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰ ﺍ sometimes ﺎ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨ ﹰ rarely ﺍ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﹰ every…. (... ،ﻜل )ﻴﻭﻡ – ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ seldom ﻨﺎﺩﺭﹰ ﻤﺎ ﺍ 15