2. ( )
ADVERB CLAUSE
USING SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTION

5. ( WHAT IS IT?
)
⊛An adverb clause is used to modify
the main clause
⊛It may answer the question
⊛Why
⊛When
⊛How

8. ( WHY ?
⊛We came home hungry because the
)
restaurant was closed.
⊛Why did we come home hungry?
⊛We came home hungry >> main
clause
⊛Because the restaurant was closed
>> adverb clause - answering the
question why

11. ( WHEN?
⊛After drought has happened for a
)
long time, famine ensues.
⊛When does famine ensue?
⊛Famine ensues >> main clause
⊛After drought has happened >>
adverb clause >> it answers the
question ‘when’

14. ( STRUCTURE
)
⊛Main clause
⊛Subordinating conjunction
⊛Adverb clause

16. The traffic becomes congested
when
it rains heavily.

17. ( Structure
)
The traffic becomes congested
when
it rains heavily.

18. The traffic becomes congested
when
it rains heavily.

20. ( PUNCTUATION
)
⊛When an adverb clause appears at
the beginning of a sentence, it is
usually separated from the main
clause by a comma.
⊛ Since he gains a lot of weight, he
decides to start working out.

23. ( PUNCTUATION
)
⊛A comma is usually not necessary
when the adverb clause follows the
main clause.
⊛I didn’t call you last night because
it was late.

26. 5 Types of
( )
Adverb
Clauses
Time
Contrast
Reason
Purpose
Condition

29. ( TIME
⊛Adverb clause - time - explains the
)
time/duration when the main
clause happens
⊛Answer the question ‘when’
⊛When it does not rain for a long
time, drought happens.
⊛When does drought happen?

32. ( ⊛When, before, after
TIME
)
⊛Whenever
⊛As soon as
⊛As, while
⊛Since
⊛Until

35. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛Unexpected result
⊛ Even though he worked very
hard, he did not get the
promotion.
⊛ Although he came early, he
missed the flight.

38. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛Although
⊛Even though
⊛Though

41. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛Direct contrast, opposite
⊛ While the central part of the
country was flooded, the north
remained dry.
⊛ Jack likes to play sports whereas
Jill prefers music.

44. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛While
⊛Whereas

47. ( REASON
⊛Answer the question why - cause
)
⊛The traffic is congested because
there is an accident.
⊛Why is the traffic congested?
⊛Since she studied hard, she
received a scholarship.
⊛Why did she receive a
scholarship?

50. ( REASON
)
⊛Because
⊛As
⊛Since

53. ( PURPOSE
)
⊛To answer why - result
⊛We must pay attention in class so
that we can pass the exam.
⊛I should not overspend in order
that I will not have credit card
debt in the future.

56. ( PURPOSE
)
⊛So that
⊛In order that

59. ( CONDITION
⊛The first conditional
⊛The situation is possible when the
)
condition is fulfilled
⊛If we study hard, we will get an A.
⊛Unless we are careful with our
money, we will have financial
difficulty.
⊛If/Unless + present tense, future
tense

62. ( CONDITIONS
⊛The second conditional
)
⊛The present situation is impossible
or unlikely to happen
⊛If I were taller, I would play
basketball.
⊛Unless we invited them, they
would not come to our party.
⊛If/Unless+ past tense, would + V1

65. ( CONDITIONS
⊛The third conditional
)
⊛The past situation is unreal
⊛If I had studied hard in high
school, I would have received a
scholarship.
⊛If/Unless + past perfect [had
+V3], would have + V3.

68. ( CONDITIONS
)
⊛If
⊛Unless