Syntax for Linguistics. Taken from somewhere as reference

1. Syntax:
the analySiS of Sentence
Structure
Nur Syakirin Bt Saleh 1429900
Aini Syahira Bt Jamaluddin 1426516

3.  Syntax is linguistic structure above the word
level (e.g. how sentences are formed). It
refers both to particular sets of rules, and
also to the academic field that studies those
rules
Chomsky, Noam (2002) [1957]. Syntactic Structures. p. 11.

4. Syntactic Categories (1)
Lexical categories
 Noun (N)
 Verb (V)
 Adjective (A)
 Preposition (P)
 Adverb (Adv)
Examples
 moisture, policy
 melt, remain
 good, intelligent
 to, near
 slowly, now

5. Syntactic Categories (2)
Non-lexical categories
 Determiner (Det)
 Degree word (Deg)
 Qualifier (Qual)
 Auxiliary (Aux)
 Conjunction (Con)
Examples
 the, this
 very, more
 always, perhaps
 will, can
 and, or

6. Indicate the category of each word in the
following sentences.
a. The glass suddenly broke.
b. A jogger ran towards the end of the lane.
c. The boy and the girl drink their tea.
Det / N / Adv / V
Det / N / V / P / Det / N / P / Det / N
Det / N / Con/ Det / N / V / Det / N

7. Phrases
 NP : Noun Phrase
The car, a clever student
 VP : Verb Phrase
study hard, play the guitar
 PP : Prepositional Phrase
in the class, above the earth
 AP : Adjective Phrase
very tall, quite certain

8. The main structure rules
1. S → NP VP
2. NP → (Det) (AP) N (PP)
3. VP → V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
4. PP → P NP
5. AP → A (PP)

11. Example (1)
The children put the toy in the box
V PP
in
NPP
the
Det N
boxThe
N
put
S
NP VP
Det
children
NP
the
Det N
toy

12. Example ()
The old tree swayed in the wind
old
V PP
in
NPP
the
Det N
windThe
N
swayed
S
NP VP
Det Adj
tree

13. a)The teacher gave homework to his students.
Det / N / V / N / Prep / Det / N
b)The sick man died in the street
Det / Adj / N / V /Prep / Det /N
c)The boss ate soup at the home
Det/ N/ V/ N/ Prep/Det /N
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