History of CHI
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Presented to students on history of computer science in K.U.Leuven on 7 March 2011.
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History of CHI
- 1. History of CHI Geschiedenis van de informatica Leuven, 7 March 2011 Erik Duval http://erikduval.wordpress.com and @ErikDuval 1
- 3. HUGE thanks to... http://www.slideshare.net/mrettig/interaction-design-history marc rettig marcrettig.com interaction presented at design history in a teeny carnegie mellon university 2 april 2004 mrettig@well.com little nutshell version 1.5
- 4. when? what? • ... 4
- 5. wiring the ENIAC with a new program ENIAC 1946 Mauchly and Eckert stats: 3,000 cubic feet 30 tons 18,000 vacuum tubes 70,000 resistors 170 kilowatt power req. ~1 kilobit memory approximate processing power of today’s singing birthday card but not a stored-program device Great description here: www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt
- 6. front panel switches DEC PDP-8 TI 980 1960’s The internal architecture of the machine is exposed in the controls. You can see that the PDP-8 is an octal computer, with its switches in three-bit configurations (it takes three bits to count from 0 to 7, for a total of 8 numbers. Base 8. Octal. Get it?). The TI 980 is a hexadecimal machine, with switches in groups of four. Using the switches, you program the machine one word at a time (a word being, say, two hexadecimal bytes for the TI).
- 7. configure switches, run batch, output to tape
- 8. batch processing: feed it cards, wait while it runs What you used to do punch a deck of cards; take the cards to a little window, hand them to the operator; she puts them in line with everyone else’s jobs; when it’s your turn she puts your cards in the hopper and pushes “RUN”; your program works or it doesn’t; an hour or twelve later, you pick up your cards and (hopefully) printout at the same little window. What you do now double-click an icon, see what happens immediately.
- 9. preparing punch cards An important by-product: confetti . All the chaff from all those cards was just great to throw around the dorm.
- 10. preparing punch cards Each key press punches holes, so there’s no “erase.” Fixing a mistake almost always required ejecting the card and starting it over. In a pinch – say you really needed to fix a card and the punch was down – a clever operator might know enough about the card encoding to close some holes with tape and open others with a knife. we So on the one hand, were adapting to the machines. On the other hand, the workings of the machines were exposed, right out where we could get to them.
- 13. operator console IBM System 360 1960’s
- 14. at home, it’s still the switches – but what to do with it? MITS Altair 8800 1975 One of the first commercially available home computers. You ordered it. You built it. You operated it through front panel switches.
- 15. next? 15
- 16. Command Line Interface 16
- 17. Nog vb? 17
- 18. Grafische gebruikersinterface 18
- 19. WIMP • Windows Icons Menus, and Pointing devices • Characteristics • intuitive • consistent • forgiving • protective • But not necessarily best for expert! 19
- 20. Turing Award 1988 Ivan Sutherland: Sketchpad (1962) 20 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA
- 21. D. Engelbart, Augment • Stanford Research Institute • invented interactive computing (mouse, windows, groupware, ...) • team went to Xerox PARC • http://dougengelbart.org/ 21
- 22. D. Engelbart, Augment • demo at 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference • video, microwave transmission, ... • http:// sloan.stanford.edu/ mousesite/ 1968Demo.html • http:// www.youtube.com /watch? v=X4kp9Ciy1nE 22
- 25. Fast forward to … now :) ! Text Text http://hyperscope.org/ http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3914718330476864051&q=doug+engelbart 25
- 28. XEROX PARC Star (1981) 28
- 30. a tool for home and small business calculations visicalc Dan Bricklin 1979 Finally people had a reason to buy a home computer (specifically, an Apple II): so they could use VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet. THE place to learn about Visicalc: www.bricklin.com/visicalc.htm Download a working version!
- 31. Macintosh, 1984 31 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44
- 32. All 39 pages of advertising that Apple bought in a 1984 issue of newsweek are available here: http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/ computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek
- 33. Windows 1.0 (1985) 33
- 35. beyond then ... 35
- 43. 43 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCSSBEXBCbY&NR=1
- 46. 46 http://emotiv.com/
- 47. The future has already arrived. It's just not evenly distributed yet. 47
- 48. what did you... • like most? • want most? • dislike most? • fear most? • ...? and why... 48
- 49. Questions? http://erikduval.wordpress.com/ twitter: @ErikDuval 49