States of matter

2. By the end of this lesson you willBy the end of this lesson you will
know:know:
 what awhat a ‘material’ is‘material’ is
 what we mean bywhat we mean by ‘property’‘property’
 what the properties of solids, liquids andwhat the properties of solids, liquids and
gases aregases are

3. MaterialsMaterials
 Everything is madeEverything is made
from some sort offrom some sort of
‘material’‘material’
 Materials are madeMaterials are made
up of lots and lots ofup of lots and lots of
tiny piecestiny pieces
 These tiny piecesThese tiny pieces
are known asare known as
particlesparticles
 Solids, liquids andSolids, liquids and
gases are all madegases are all made

4. PropertiesProperties
 The property of a material tells usThe property of a material tells us
something about what it is like…something about what it is like…
 Materials may be hard, soft, shiny, roughMaterials may be hard, soft, shiny, rough
 Can you think of any more?Can you think of any more?

5. SolidsSolids
 A solid is something that we can holdA solid is something that we can hold
 A solid keeps its shape, unless we cut it orA solid keeps its shape, unless we cut it or
shape it ourselvesshape it ourselves
 In a solid, all of the particles are packedIn a solid, all of the particles are packed
together very tightlytogether very tightly

6. LiquidsLiquids
 Liquids are runnyLiquids are runny
 They can be pouredThey can be poured
 The particles are less tightlyThe particles are less tightly
packed, so they can move aboutpacked, so they can move about
 If poured from one containerIf poured from one container
to another, they will take theto another, they will take the
shape of their new containershape of their new container

7. GasesGases
 The particles in gases have lots of room toThe particles in gases have lots of room to
movemove
 Gases are all around usGases are all around us
 They spread into all of the empty placesThey spread into all of the empty places
they canthey can
 Most are invisibleMost are invisible

8. SOLIDS GASESLIQUIDS
The molecules are
held together with
strong bonds.
They don’t move
very easily so
SOLIDS can keep
their own shape
and size
The molecules are
free to move around.
They can spread
around an open
space quickly and
freely. GASES can’t
keep their shape
unless they are kept
in a sealed container.
The molecules have
weaker bonds. They
can move around
slightly so LIQUIDS
can flow. They can’t
keep their shape
unless they’re in a
container.

9. An example – waterAn example – water
 Water can be a solid, a liquid or a gasWater can be a solid, a liquid or a gas
 When it is cold it is solid –When it is cold it is solid – ICEICE
 When it is at room temperature it is a liquid –When it is at room temperature it is a liquid –
WATERWATER
 When it is hot it is a gas –When it is hot it is a gas – STEAMSTEAM

10. Now you have learnt about the properties ofNow you have learnt about the properties of
solids, liquids and, make a list of all of thosesolids, liquids and, make a list of all of those
you knowyou know