2. Ideology , Education and Identities in
Pakistan

3. A set of belief, especially one hold by particular group, that influence the
way people behave.( Oxford Dictionary)
“ ideology is concerned with how we as individuals understand the world in
which we live. This understanding involves complexity both of individual
psychologies and of social structure.” (M. Cormak’s)
A pattern or set of ideas, assumptions, beliefs, and values or
interpretations of the world by which a culture or group operates
Religious ideology :It is a faith which is unchangeable for particular
group, based on strong principles which determines the actions of the
people
An interpretation of past , explanation of the present and vision for the
future
It is dynamic but not consistent phenomena

4. A phenomena to achieve some particular
objectives
May emerges in crisis
Emerge among the exploited and dissatisfied
groups of the society
Oppressed , rejected and mistreated people lead to
emerge ideology

5. Three major factors which produce, shape and
reshape ideologies:
Time
Class
Crisis

6. The flow of time
The course of history
Social evolution and development
The emerge of modernization, globalization
The issue of change – (social, technological, cultural,
economic)
Also: age (individuals, countries, systems) and readiness
to embrace change.
The influence of liberalism today is partly explained by
the fact that liberalism was created as the ideology of
change.
Conservatism’s main problem: how to keep order in a
changing world

7. Each major ideology has its main roots in the interests of
a certain class, or a section of a class, or several aligned
classes
For instance, in 19th century Europe:
Conservative ideologies were rooted in the interests of
landed aristocracy and clergy – classes losing power as a
result of modernization
Capitalism was rooted in the interests of the rising
bourgeoisie
Socialism was rooted in the interests of the working
classes
The special role of the intellectuals in the production of
ideas

8. A catastrophe (major war, economic collapse,
ecological disaster, famine)
Major deterioration of social conditions
Breakdown of a state
A revolution or a counterrevolution
Crises create powerful demand for new ideas
And people commit themselves to ideas much
more strongly (become more ideological) than in
normal times

9. Religious Ideology
(Islamic, Christianity, Jews, Hindu, etc)
Political Ideology
Capitalism
Socialism
Democracy
Fascism
Neo-Liberalism

10. The collective aspect of the set of characteristics
by which a thing is definitively recognizable or
known:
The set of behavioral or personal characteristics
by which an individual is recognizable as a
member of a group.
The quality or condition of being the same as
something else.
Personal individuality.

11. What factors influence the formation of beliefs and values
Family
Gender
Religion & spirituality
Environment (regional)
Relationship to the land (local ,migrated)
Language (urdu, punjabi, english, sindhi, pakhtoon)
History
Media
political identity

13. Ideology change our identity
Change in religion
Change of Political Party
Changing thought
Identity determine our Ideology
Gender
Family
Birth

14. Work as lynchpin among revolutionaries
Create solidarity homogeneity
Provide a line of action
A pre-requisite for establishment of a new
social system

15. 1-To what extent should ideology be the foundation
of identity?
2-To what extent are ideology and identity
interrelated?
3-To what extent are individualism and
collectivism foundations of ideology?
4-To what extent does ideological conflict shape
our world?
5-To what extent is modern liberalism continuing to
evolve?

16. 6-To what extent should an ideology shape
your thinking and actions as a citizen?
?
Your opinion