10. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat :
And Other Clinical Tales by Oliver W. Sacks
In his most extraordinary book, quot;one of the great clinical writers of the 20th centuryquot; (The New
York Times) recounts the case histories of patients lost in the bizarre, apparently inescapable world
of neurological disorders. Oliver Sacks's The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat tells the stories
of individuals afflicted with fantastic perceptual and intellectual aberrations: patients who have
lost their memories and with them the greater part of their pasts; who are no longer able to
recognize people and common objects; who are stricken with violent tics and grimaces or who
shout involuntary obscenities; whose limbs have become alien; who have been dismissed as
retarded yet are gifted with uncanny artistic or mathematical talents.
If inconceivably strange, these brilliant tales remain, in Dr. Sacks's splendid and sympathetic telling, deeply human. They
are studies of life struggling against incredible adversity, and they enable us to enter the world of the neurologically
impaired, to imagine with our hearts what it must be to live and feel as they do. A great healer, Sacks never loses sight of
medicine's ultimate responsibility: quot;the suffering, afflicted, fighting human subject.quot;
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Oliver Sacks
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10
21. part
of
CH4 C2 H6 CH3-OH C2H6-OH
…
methane ethane methanol ethanol
CO2 O3 -OH H2
-CH3 O2 H2 O
ozone
carbon dioxide dioxygen phenol water dihydrogen
methyl
C O H
carbon oxygen hydrogen
21
22. combine
different kinds of ontological knowledge
Organic object
Individual Limb
Cat
Hierarchical model of the shape of the human body. D. Marr and H.K. Nishihara, Representation and recognition
of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shapes, Proc. R. Soc. London B 200, 1978, 269-294).
22
23. ontos
to be / beings
“Jacob Lorhard's quot;Ogdoas Scholasticaquot; (1606) contains the first occurrence of
Ogdoas
the term ‘ontologia’ ” Raul Corazzon on formalontology.it
logos
discourse/science
23
25. ntology
O
a logical theory which gives an explicit,
partial account of a conceptualization i.e. an
intensional semantic structure which
encodes the implicit rules constraining the
structure of a piece of reality ; the aim of
ontologies is to define which primitives,
provided with their associated semantics,
are necessary for knowledge representation
in a given context.
[Gruber, 1993] [Guarino & Giaretta, 1995] [Bachimont, 2000]
25
26. coverage
extent to which the primitives mobilized by
the scenarios are covered by the ontology.
26
50. <Class rdf:ID=quot;Manquot;>
<subClassOf rdf:resource=quot;#Personquot;/>
<subClassOf rdf:resource=quot;#Malequot;/>
<label xml:lang=quot;enquot;>man</label>
<comment xml:lang=quot;enquot;>an adult male
person</comment>
</Class>
example
50
a class declaration in RDFS
66. methods
e.g. rigidity in Onto Clean [Guarino & Welty]
Rigid φ+R φ is a necessary property for all its instances
Anti-Rigid φ~R φ is an optional property for all its instances
Constraint: φ~R can't subsume ψ+R
Person is ψ+R, Student is φ~R
66
77. f olksonomy
folks~taxonomy, a subject indexing systems
created within internet communities. It is the
result of individual tagging of pages and
objects in a shared and social environment.
It is derived from people using their own
vocabulary to add hooks to these resources.
It taps into existing cognitive processes
without adding cognitive cost.
[Vander Wal, 2005] [Vander Wal, 2007][Rashmi Sinha, 2005]
77
85. e.g. LOM (Learning Object Metadata)
has nine types of characteristics:
general, life-cycle, meta-metadata,
technical, educational, rights, relations,
annotation, classification
85