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Chapter 3
Adjusting Accounts and Preparing
Financial Statements
QUESTIONS
1. The cash basis of accounting reports revenues when cash is received while the
accrual basis reports revenues when they are earned. The cash basis reports
expenses when cash is paid while the accrual basis reports expenses when they are
incurred (and matched with revenues they generated).
2. The accrual basis of accounting generally provides a better indication of company
performance and financial condition than does the cash basis. Also, the accrual
basis increases the comparability of financial statements from one period to the
next. Thus, business decision makers generally prefer the accrual basis.
3. Businesses that have major seasonal variations in sales are most likely to select the
natural business year as the fiscal year.
4. A prepaid expense is reported as an asset on the balance sheet.
5. Depreciable plant assets (such as equipment, buildings, and machinery) lead to
adjustments for depreciation.
6. The Accumulated Depreciation contra account is used for depreciation. It provides
financial statement users with additional information about the relative age of the
assets. Without the contra account information, the reader would not be able to tell
whether the assets are new or in need of replacement.
7. An unearned revenue is reported as a liability on the balance sheet.
8. An accrued revenue is revenue that is earned but is not yet received in cash (and/or
other assets) and the customer has not been billed prior to the end of the period.
Therefore, end-of-period adjustments are made to record accrued revenue.
Examples are interest income that has been earned but not collected and revenues
from services performed that are neither collected nor billed.
9. If prepaid expenses are initially recorded with debits to expense accounts, then the
prepaid expenses asset accounts are debited in the adjusting entries.
10. For Krispy Kreme, the two accounts of Prepaid Expenses and Property and
Equipment require adjusting entries. The expense account(s) related to the prepaid
account and the depreciation expense account would be understated on the income
statement if Krispy Kreme fails to adjust these two asset accounts. If the adjusting
entries are not made, net income would be overstated. Note: Students might also
correctly identify accounts receivable, deferred income taxes and intangible assets
as needing adjustment.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 119
11. In addition to prepayments, Tastykake must make adjusting entries to Property,
Plant and Equipment, Deferred Income Taxes, Accrued Payroll and Employee
Benefits, and possibly other assets and liabilities such as Receivables (for bad
debts).
12. The Accrued Wages Expense would be reported as part of “Accrued Expenses and
Other Liabilities” on Harley-Davidson’s balance sheet.
QUICK STUDIES
Quick Study 3-1 (10 minutes)
a. UR Unearned revenue
b. PE Prepaid expenses (Depreciation)
c. AE Accrued expenses
d. AR Accrued revenue
e. PE Prepaid expenses
Quick Study 3-2 (10 minutes)
a. Insurance Expense....................................................... 1,800
Prepaid Insurance................................................. 1,800
To record 6-month insurance coverage expired.
b. Supplies Expense......................................................... 2,700
Supplies.................................................................. 2,700
To record supplies used during the year.
($1,000 + $3,000 – [?] = $1,300)
Quick Study 3-3 (10 minutes)
a. Depreciation Expense—Equipment............................ 5,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment............. 5,000
To record depreciation expense for the year.
($30,000 - $5,000) / 5 years = $5,000
b. No depreciation adjustments are made for land as it is expected to last
indefinitely.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition120
Quick Study 3-4 (15 minutes)
a. Unearned Revenue........................................................ 15,000
Legal Revenue....................................................... 15,000
To recognize legal revenue earned (20,000 x 3/4).
b. Unearned Subscription Revenue................................ 2,400
Subscription Revenue........................................... 2,400
To recognize subscription revenue earned.
[100 x ($48 / 12 month) x 6 months]
Quick Study 3-5 (10 minutes)
Salaries Expense........................................................... 400
Salaries Payable.................................................... 400
To record salaries incurred but not yet paid.
[One student earns, $100 x 4 days, M-R]
Quick Study 3-6 (15 minutes)
Accounts Debited and Credited Financial Statement
a. Debit Unearned Revenue Balance Sheet
Credit Revenue Earned Income Statement
b. Debit Depreciation Expense Income Statement
Credit Accumulated Depreciation Balance Sheet
c. Debit Wages Expense Income Statement
Credit Wages Payable Balance Sheet
d. Debit Accounts Receivable Balance Sheet
Credit Revenue Earned Income Statement
e. Debit Insurance Expense Income Statement
Credit Prepaid Insurance Balance Sheet
Quick Study 3-7 (10 minutes)
Adjusting entry Debit Credit
1. Accrue salaries expense f d
2. Adjust the Unearned Services Revenue account e g
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 121
to recognize earned revenue
3. Record the earning of services revenue for which
cash will be received the following period
a g
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition122
Quick Study 3-8 (10 minutes)
The answer is c.
Explanation:
The debit balance in Prepaid Insurance was reduced by $400, implying a
$400 debit to Insurance Expense. The credit balance in Interest Payable
increased by $800, implying an $800 debit to Interest Expense.
Quick Study 3-9 (10 minutes)
Cash Accounting:
Revenues (cash receipts)....................................................... $33,000
Expenses (cash payments: $22,500 - $2,250 + $3,750)....... 24,000
Net income .............................................................................. $ 9,000
Accrual Accounting:
Revenues (earned) ................................................................. $39,000
Expenses (incurred) ............................................................... 22,500
Net income............................................................................... $16,500
Quick Study 3-10 (15 minutes)
The answer is 2.
Explanation:
Insurance premium error:
Understates expenses (and overstates assets) by........... $1,600
Accrued salaries error:
Understates expenses (and understates liabilities) by.... 1,000
Combination of errors:
Understates expenses by................................................... $2,600
Overstates assets by.......................................................... $1,600
Understates liabilities by.................................................... $1,000
Quick Study 3-11 (10 minutes)
Profit margin = $37,925 / $390,000 = 9.7%
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 123
Interpretation: For every one dollar that Yang Company records as revenue,
it earns 9.7 cents in net income. Yang’s 9.7% is markedly lower than
competitors’ average profit margin of 15%—it must improve performance.
Quick Study 3-12A
(5 minutes)
The answer is d.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition124
EXERCISES
Exercise 3-1 (15 minutes)
1. B. 4. F
2. E. 5. D
3. C. 6. A.
Exercise 3-2 (30 minutes)
a. Unearned Fee Revenue................................................. 10,000
Fee Revenue............................................................... 10,000
To record earned portion of fee received in advance.
b. Wages Expense.............................................................. 9,000
Wages Payable........................................................... 9,000
To record wages accrued but not yet paid.
c. Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............................. 19,127
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment.................. 19,127
To record depreciation expense for the year.
d. Office Supplies Expense............................................... 5,242
Office Supplies**
......................................................... 5,242
To record office supplies used ($480 + $5,349 - $587).
e. Insurance Expense........................................................ 2,800
Prepaid Insurance*
..................................................... 2,800
To record insurance coverage expired ($5,000 - $2,200).
f. Interest Receivable....................................................... 750
Interest Revenue....................................................... 750
To record interest earned but not yet received.
g. Interest Expense........................................................... 3,500
Interest Payable........................................................ 3,500
To record interest incurred but not yet paid.
Notes:
Prepaid Insurance*
Office Supplies**
Beg. Bal. 5,000 Beg. Bal. 480
Purch. 5,349
? Used ? Used
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 125
End. Bal. 2,200 End. Bal. 587
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition126
Exercise 3-3 (25 minutes)
a. Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............................. 16,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment.................. 16,000
To record depreciation expense for the year.
b. Insurance Expense........................................................ 5,960
Prepaid Insurance*
..................................................... 5,960
To record insurance coverage that expired
($7,000 - $1,040).
c. Office Supplies Expense............................................... 2,626
Office Supplies**
......................................................... 2,626
To record office supplies used ($300 + $2,680 - $354).
d. Unearned Fee Revenue................................................. 5,000
Fee Revenue............................................................... 5,000
To record earned portion of fee received in advance
($10,000 x 1/2).
e. Insurance Expense........................................................ 4,600
Prepaid Insurance...................................................... 4,600
To record insurance coverage that expired.
f. Wages Expense.............................................................. 4,000
Wages Payable........................................................... 4,000
To record wages accrued but not yet paid.
Notes:
Prepaid Insurance*
Office Supplies**
Bal. Bal. 7,000 Beg. Bal. 300
Purch. 2,680
? Used ? Used
End. Bal. 1,040 End. Bal. 354
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 127
Exercise 3-4 (15 minutes)
a. Adjusting entry:
2005
Dec. 31 Wages Expense................................................ 500
Wages Payable.............................................. 500
To record accrued wages for one day.
(5 workers x $100)
b. Payday entry:
2006
Jan. 4 Wages Expense................................................ 1,500
Wages Payable.................................................. 500
Cash............................................................... 2,000
To record accrued and current wages.
Exercise 3-5 (15 minutes)
a. $1,650
b. $5,700
c. $10,080
d. $1,375
Proof:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Supplies available – prior year-end....... $ 300 $1,600 $ 1,360 $1,375
Supplies purchased in current year....... 2,100 5,400 10,080 6,000
Total supplies available........................... 2,400 7,000 11,440 7,375
Supplies available – current year-end... (750) (5,700) (1,840) (800)
Supplies expense for current year......... $1,650 $1,300 $ 9,600 $6,575
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition128
Exercise 3-6 (25 minutes)
a.
Apr. 30 Legal Fees Expense............................................ 2,500
Legal Fees Payable..................................... 2,500
To record accrued legal fees.
May 12 Legal Fees Payable............................................. 2,500
Cash.............................................................. 2,500
To pay accrued legal fees.
b.
Apr. 30 Interest Expense................................................. 2,080
Interest Payable........................................... 2,080
To record accrued interest expense
(9.6% x $780,000 x 10/360) or ($6,240 x 10/30).
May 20 Interest Payable................................................... 2,080
Interest Expense................................................. 4,160
Cash.............................................................. 6,240
To record payment of accrued and current
interest expense (9.6% x $780,000 x 20/360).
c.
Apr. 30 Salaries Expense................................................. 3,600
Salaries Payable.......................................... 3,600
To record accrued salaries
($9,000 x 2/5 week).
May 3 Salaries Payable.................................................. 3,600
Salaries Expense................................................. 5,400
Cash.............................................................. 9,000
To record payment of accrued and
current salaries ($9,000 x 3/5 week).
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 129
Exercise 3-7 (20 minutes)
Balance Sheet Insurance Asset using Insurance Expense using
Accrual
Basis*
Cash
Basis
Accrual
Basis**
Cash
Basis
Dec. 31, 2003 $11,700 $0 2003......... $ 4,500 $16,200
Dec. 31, 2004 6,300 0 2004......... 5,400 0
Dec. 31, 2005 900 0 2005......... 5,400 0
Dec. 31, 2006 0 0 2006......... 900 0
Total........ $16,200 $16,200
EXPLANATIONS:
*
Accrual asset balance equals months left in the policy x $450 per month (monthly
cost is computed as $450, from $16,200 divided by 36 months).
Months Left Balance
12/31/2003... 26 $11,700
12/31/2004... 14 6,300
12/31/2005... 2 900
12/31/2006... 0 0
**
Accrual insurance expense equals months covered in the year x $450 per month.
Months Covered Expense
2003...... 10 $ 4,500
2004...... 12 5,400
2005...... 12 5,400
2006...... 2 900
$16,200
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition130
Exercise 3-8 (25 minutes)
Dec. 31 Accounts Receivable.............................................. 1,800
Fees Earned..................................................... 1,800
To record earned but unbilled fees
(30% x $6,000).
31 Unearned Fees......................................................... 4,200
Fees Earned..................................................... 4,200
To record earned fees collected in
advance (70% x $6,000).
31 Depreciation Expense—Computers....................... 1,500
Accumulated Depreciation—Computers...... 1,500
To record depreciation on computers.
31 Depreciation Expense—Office Furniture................ 1,750
Accumulated Depreciation—Office Furniture.... 1,750
To record depreciation on office furniture.
31 Salaries Expense.................................................... 2,450
Salaries Payable.............................................. 2,450
To record accrued salaries.
31 Insurance Expense.................................................. 1,300
Prepaid Insurance........................................... 1,300
To record expired prepaid insurance.
31 Office Supplies Expense......................................... 480
Office Supplies................................................ 480
To record use of office supplies.
31 Utilities Expense...................................................... 70
Utilities Payable............................................... 70
To record incurred and unpaid utility costs.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 131
Exercise 3-9 (10 minutes)
a. $5,390 / $44,830 = 12.0%
b. $87,644 / $398,954 = 22.0%
c. $93,385 / $257,082 = 36.3%
d. $55,234 / $1,458,999 = 3.8%
e. $70,158 / $435,925 = 16.1%
Analysis and Interpretation: Company c has the highest profitability
according to the profit margin ratio. Company c earns 36.3 cents in net
income for each one dollar of net sales recorded.
Exercise 3-10A
(30 minutes)
a.
Dec. 1 Supplies Expense............................................ 3,000
Cash.......................................................... 3,000
Purchased supplies.
b.
Dec. 2 Insurance Expense.......................................... 1,440
Cash.......................................................... 1,440
Paid insurance premiums.
c.
Dec.15 Cash.................................................................. 12,000
Remodeling Fees Earned........................ 12,000
Received fees for work to be done.
d.
Dec.28 Cash.................................................................. 3,600
Remodeling Fees Earned........................ 3,600
Received fees for work to be done.
e.
Dec.31 Supplies........................................................... 1,920
Supplies Expense.................................... 1,920
Adjust expenses for unused supplies.
f.
Dec.31 Prepaid Insurance ($1,440 - $240)................. 1,200
Insurance Expense.................................. 1,200
Adjust expenses for unexpired coverage.
g.
Dec.31 Remodeling Fees Earned .............................. 9,300
Unearned Remodeling Fees................... 9,300
Adjusted revenues for unfinished
projects ($12,000 + $3,600 - $6,300).
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition132
Exercise 3-11A
(25 minutes)
a. Initial credit recorded in the Unearned Fees account:
July 1 Cash....................................................................... 2,000
Unearned Fees.............................................. 2,000
Received fees for work to be done.
6 Cash....................................................................... 8,400
Unearned Fees.............................................. 8,400
Received fees for work to be done.
12 Unearned Fees...................................................... 2,000
Fees Earned................................................... 2,000
Completed work for customer.
18 Cash....................................................................... 7,500
Unearned Fees.............................................. 7,500
Received fees for work to be done.
27 Unearned Fees...................................................... 8,400
Fees Earned................................................... 8,400
Completed work for customer.
31 No adjusting entries required.
b. Initial credit recorded in the Fees Earned account:
July 1 Cash....................................................................... 2,000
Fees Earned................................................... 2,000
Received fees for work to be done.
6 Cash....................................................................... 8,400
Fees Earned................................................... 8,400
Received fees for work to be done.
12 No entry required.
18 Cash....................................................................... 7,500
Fees Earned................................................... 7,500
Received fees for work to be done.
27 No entry required.
31 Fees Earned.......................................................... 7,500
Unearned Fees.............................................. 7,500
Adjusted to reflect unearned fees for unfinished job.
c. Under the first method (and using entries from a):
Unearned Fees = $2,000 + $8,400 - $2,000 + $7,500 - $8,400 = $7,500
Fees Earned = $2,000 + $8,400 = $10,400
Under the second method (and using entries from b):
Unearned Fees = $7,500
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 133
Fees Earned = $2,000 + $8,400 + $7,500 - $7,500 = $10,400
[Note: Both procedures yield identical results in the financial statements.]
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition134
PROBLEM SET A
Problem 3-1A (15 minutes)
1. G. 4. B. 7. H. 10. D.
2. E. 5. G. 8. E. 11. A.
3. I. 6. C. 9. F. 12. D.
Problem 3-2A (35 minutes)
Part 1
Adjustment (a)
Dec.31 Office Supplies Expense......................... 12,760
Office Supplies................................. 12,760
To record cost of supplies used
($3,000 + $12,400 - $2,640).
Adjustment (b)
31 Insurance Expense.................................. 12,312
Prepaid Insurance............................ 12,312
To record annual insurance coverage cost.
Policy Cost per Month
Months Active
in 2005 2005 Cost
A $660 ($15,840/24 mo.) 12 $ 7,920
B 363 ($13,068/36 mo.) 9 3,267
C 225 ($ 2,700 /12 mo.) 5 1,125
Total $12,312
Adjustment (c)
31 Salaries Expense (2 days x $2,100)........ 4,200
Salaries Payable............................... 4,200
To record accrued but unpaid wages.
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Building........... 27,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Building 27,000
To record annual depreciation expense
[($855,000 -$45,000) / 30 years = $27,000]
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 135
Problem 3-2A (Continued)
Adjustment (e)
Dec.31 Rent Receivable....................................... 2,400
Rent Earned...................................... 2,400
To record earned but unpaid Dec. rent.
Adjustment (f)
31 Unearned Rent......................................... 4,350
Rent Earned...................................... 4,350
To record the amount of rent earned for
November and December (2 x $2,175).
Part 2
Cash Payment for (c)
Jan. 6 Salaries Payable...................................... 4,200
Salaries Expense*.................................... 6,300
Cash................................................... 10,500
To record payment of accrued and
current salaries. *(3 days x $2,100)
Cash Payment for (e)
15 Cash.......................................................... 4,800
Rent Receivable................................ 2,400
Rent Earned...................................... 2,400
To record past due rent for two months.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition136
Problem 3-3A (90 minutes)
Parts 1 and 2
Cash Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 26,000 Unadj. Bal. 70,000
Accounts Receivable
Accumulated Depreciation—
Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 0 Unadj. Bal. 16,000
(f) 7,500 (c) 12,000
Adj. Bal. 7,500 Adj. Bal. 28,000
Teaching Supplies Accounts Payable
Unadj. Bal. 10,000 Bal. 36,000
(b) 7,400
Adj. Bal. 2,600 Salaries Payable
Unadj. Bal. 0
Prepaid Insurance (g) 400
Unadj. Bal. 15,000 Adj. Bal. 400
(a) 3,000
Adj. Bal. 12,000 Unearned Training Fees
Unadj. Bal. 11,000
Prepaid Rent (e) 4,400
Unadj. Bal. 2,000 Adj. Bal. 6,600
(h) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 0 T. Watson, Capital
Bal. 63,600
Professional Library
Bal. 30,000 T. Watson, Withdrawals
Bal. 40,000
Accumulated Depreciation—
Professional Library
Unadj. Bal. 9,000
(d) 6,000
Adj. Bal. 15,000
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 137
Problem 3-3A (Continued)
Tuition Fees Earned Rent Expense
Unadj. Bal. 102,000 Unadj. Bal. 22,000
(f) 7,500 (h) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 109,500 Adj. Bal. 24,000
Training Fees Earned Teaching Supplies Expense
Unadj. Bal. 38,000 Unadj. Bal. 0
(e) 4,400 (b) 7,400
Adj. Bal. 42,400 Adj. Bal. 7,400
Depreciation Expense—
Professional Library Advertising Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0 Bal. 7,000
(d) 6,000
Adj. Bal. 6,000
Depreciation Expense—
Equipment Utilities Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0 Bal. 5,600
(c) 12,000
Adj. Bal. 12,000
Salaries Expense
Unadj. Bal. 48,000
(g) 400
Adj. Bal. 48,400
Insurance Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0
(a) 3,000
Adj. Bal. 3,000
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition138
Problem 3-3A (Continued)
Part 2
Adjustment (a)
Dec. 31 Insurance Expense......................................... 3,000
Prepaid Insurance..................................... 3,000
To record the insurance expired.
Adjustment (b)
31 Teaching Supplies Expense.......................... 7,400
Teaching Supplies.................................... 7,400
To record supplies used ($10,000-$2,600).
Adjustment (c)
31 Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............. 12,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment...... 12,000
To record equipment depreciation.
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Profess. Library..... 6,000
Accumul. Depreciation—Profess. Library... 6,000
To record professional library depreciation.
Adjustment (e)
31 Unearned Training Fees................................. 4,400
Training Fees Earned............................... 4,400
To record training fees earned that were
collected in advance.
Adjustment (f)
31 Accounts Receivable...................................... 7,500
Tuition Fees Earned................................. 7,500
To record tuition earned ($3,000 x 2 1/2 months).
Adjustment (g)
31 Salaries Expense............................................ 400
Salaries Payable....................................... 400
To record accrued salaries (2 days x $100 x 2).
Adjustment (h)
31 Rent Expense.................................................. 2,000
Prepaid Rent.............................................. 2,000
To record expiration of prepaid rent.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 139
Problem 3-3A (Continued)
Part 3
Watson Technical Institute
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2005
Debit Credit
Cash......................................................................... $ 26,000
Accounts receivable.............................................. 7,500
Teaching supplies ................................................. 2,600
Prepaid insurance.................................................. 12,000
Prepaid rent............................................................ 0
Professional library................................................ 30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library. . $ 15,000
Equipment............................................................... 70,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment.............. 28,000
Accounts payable................................................... 36,000
Salaries payable..................................................... 400
Unearned training fees.......................................... 6,600
T. Watson, Capital.................................................. 63,600
T. Watson, Withdrawals......................................... 40,000
Tuition fees earned................................................ 109,500
Training fees earned.............................................. 42,400
Depreciation expense—Professional library....... 6,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment...................... 12,000
Salaries expense ................................................... 48,400
Insurance expense................................................. 3,000
Rent expense.......................................................... 24,000
Teaching supplies expense................................... 7,400
Advertising expense.............................................. 7,000
Utilities expense..................................................... 5,600 _______
Totals....................................................................... $301,500 $301,500
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition140
Problem 3-3A (Continued)
Part 4
WATSON TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenues
Tuition fees earned............................................ $109,500
Training fees earned.......................................... 42,400
Total revenues.................................................... $151,900
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Professional library... 6,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment.................. 12,000
Salaries expense................................................ 48,400
Insurance expense............................................. 3,000
Rent expense...................................................... 24,000
Teaching supplies expense............................... 7,400
Advertising expense.......................................... 7,000
Utilities expense................................................. 5,600
Total expenses................................................... 113,400
Net income............................................................ $ 38,500
WATSON TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Statement of Owner’s Equity
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
T. Watson, Capital, December 31, 2004.............. $ 63,600
Plus: Net income.................................................. 38,500
102,100
Less: Owner withdrawals.................................... 40,000
T. Watson, Capital, December 31, 2005.............. $ 62,100
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 141
Problem 3-3A (Concluded)
WATSON TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash................................................................................. $ 26,000
Accounts receivable...................................................... 7,500
Teaching supplies.......................................................... 2,600
Prepaid insurance.......................................................... 12,000
Professional library........................................................ $30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library....... (15,000) 15,000
Equipment....................................................................... 70,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment...................... (28,000) 42,000
Total assets..................................................................... $105,100
Liabilities
Accounts payable........................................................... $ 36,000
Salaries payable............................................................. 400
Unearned training fees.................................................. 6,600
Total liabilities................................................................ 43,000
Equity
T. Watson, Capital.......................................................... 62,100
Total liabilities and equity............................................. $105,100
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition142
Problem 3-4A (45 minutes) — Part 1
Account
Unadjusted
TrialBalance Adjustments
Adjusted
TrialBalance
Cash............................... $27,000 $27,000
Accountsreceivable.......... 12,000 (a
)
10,460 22,460
Officesupplies.................. 18,000 (b
)
15,000 3,000
Prepaidinsurance............. 7,320 (c) 2,440 4,880
Officeequipment............... 92,000 92,000
Accumulateddepreciation
—Officeequipment.......... $12,000 (d
)
6,000 $18,000
Accountspayable............. 9,300 (e) 900 10,200
Interestpayable................. (f) 800 800
Salariespayable................ (g
)
6,600 6,600
Unearnedconsultingfees... 16,000 (h) 1,700 14,300
Long-termnotespayable.... 44,000 44,000
J.Winner,Capital.............. 28,420 28,420
J.Winner,Withdrawals....... 10,000 10,000
Consultingfees
earned........................... 156,000
(a)
(h
)
10,460
1,700 168,160
Depreciationexpense—
Officeequipment............. (d) 6,000 6,000
Salariesexpense............... 71,000 (g) 6,600 77,600
Interestexpense................ 1,400 (f) 800 2,200
Insuranceexpense............ (c
)
2,440 2,440
Rentexpense................... 13,200 13,200
Officesuppliesexpense..... (b) 15,000 15,000
Advertisingexpense.......... 13,800 _______ (e
)
90
0
______ 14,700 _______
Totals.............................. $265,720 $265,720 $43,900 $43,90
0
$290,480 $290,480
Adjustment description:
(a) Earned but uncollected revenues.
(b) Cost of consumed office supplies.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 143
(c) Cost of expired insurance coverage.
(d) Depreciation expense on office equipment.
(e) Incurred but unpaid advertising expense.
(f) Incurred but unpaid interest expense.
(g) Incurred but unpaid salaries expense.
(h) Earned revenues previously received in advance.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition144
Problem 3-4A
Part 2
JJW COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended July 31, 2005
Revenues
Consulting fees earned ................................ $168,160
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Office equipment. . $ 6,000
Salaries expense .......................................... 77,600
Interest expense ........................................... 2,200
Insurance expense ....................................... 2,440
Rent expense ................................................ 13,200
Office supplies expense .............................. 15,000
Advertising expense .................................... 14,700
Total expenses.............................................. 131,140
Net income....................................................... $ 37,020
JJW COMPANY
Statement of Owner’s Equity
For Year Ended July 31, 2005
J. Winner, Capital, July 31, 2004.................... $28,420
Plus: Net income............................................. 37,020
65,440
Less: Owner withdrawals............................... 10,000
J. Winner, Capital, July 31, 2005.................... $55,440
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 145
Problem 3-4A (Concluded)
Part 2
JJW COMPANY
Balance Sheet
July 31, 2005
Assets
Cash............................................................................ $ 27,000
Accounts receivable.................................................. 22,460
Office supplies........................................................... 3,000
Prepaid insurance...................................................... 4,880
Office equipment........................................................ $92,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment....... (18,000) 74,000
Total assets................................................................ $131,340
Liabilities
Accounts payable...................................................... $ 10,200
Interest payable.......................................................... 800
Salaries payable......................................................... 6,600
Unearned consulting fees......................................... 14,300
Long-term notes payable.......................................... 44,000
Total liabilities............................................................ 75,900
Equity
J. Winner, Capital....................................................... 55,440
Total liabilities and equity......................................... $131,340
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition146
Problem 3-5A (50 minutes)
Part 1
CALLAHAY COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenues
Fees earned.............................................. $420,000
Interest earned.......................................... 16,000
Total revenues.......................................... $436,000
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Automobiles..... 18,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment........ 10,000
Salaries expense...................................... 180,000
Wages expense........................................ 32,000
Interest expense....................................... 24,000
Office supplies expense.......................... 26,000
Advertising expense................................ 50,000
Repairs expense—Automobiles............. 16,800
Total expenses......................................... 356,800
Net income.................................................. $ 79,200
CALLAHAY COMPANY
Statement of Owner's Equity
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
J. Callahay, Capital, December 31, 2004. . $247,800
Plus: Net income....................................... 79,200
327,000
Less: Withdrawals by owner.................... 38,000
J. Callahay, Capital, December 31, 2005. . $289,000
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 147
Problem 3-5A (Concluded)
CALLAHAY COMPANY
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash........................................................................ $ 22,000
Accounts receivable............................................. 44,000
Interest receivable................................................. 10,000
Notes receivable (due in 90 days)....................... 160,000
Office supplies...................................................... 8,000
Automobiles.......................................................... $160,000
Accumulated depreciation—Automobiles.......... (42,000) 118,000
Equipment.............................................................. 130,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment............. (10,000) 120,000
Land........................................................................ 70,000
Total assets........................................................... $552,000
Liabilities
Accounts payable................................................. $ 88,000
Interest payable..................................................... 12,000
Salaries payable.................................................... 11,000
Unearned fees....................................................... 22,000
Long-term notes payable..................................... 130,000
Total liabilities....................................................... 263,000
Equity
J. Callahay, Capital............................................... 289,000
Total liabilities and equity.................................... $552,000
Part 2
Profit margin = $79,200 / $436,000 = 18.2%
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition148
Problem 3-6AA
(40 minutes)
Part 1
Assume prepaid expenses are recorded as assets and unearned revenues as liabilities.
Nov. 1 Prepaid Advertising ....................................... 1,500
Cash.......................................................... 1,500
Paid for future advertising.
1 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 2,160
Cash.......................................................... 2,160
Paid insurance for one year.
30 Cash.................................................................. 3,300
Unearned Service Fees........................... 3,300
Received fees in advance.
Dec. 1 Prepaid Consulting Fees ............................... 2,700
Cash.......................................................... 2,700
Paid for future consulting.
15 Cash.................................................................. 7,650
Unearned Service Fees........................... 7,650
Received fees in advance.
31 Advertising Expense....................................... 600
Prepaid Advertising ................................ 600
To adjust prepaid advertising ($1,500-$900).
31 Insurance Expense.......................................... 360
Prepaid Insurance.................................... 360
To adjust prepaid insurance
($2,160 x 2/12).
31 Unearned Service Fees .................................. 2,100
Service Fees Earned................................ 2,100
To adjust unearned service fees
($3,300-$1,200).
31 Consulting Fees Expense .............................. 900
Prepaid Consulting Fees......................... 900
To adjust prepaid consulting fees
($2,700 x 1/3).
31 Unearned Service Fees .................................. 3,000
Service Fees Earned................................ 3,000
To adjust unearned service fees.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 149
Problem 3-6AA
(Continued)
Part 2
Assume prepaid expenses are recorded as expenses and unearned revenues as revenues.
Nov. 1 Advertising Expense....................................... 1,500
Cash.......................................................... 1,500
Paid for future advertising.
1 Insurance Expense.......................................... 2,160
Cash.......................................................... 2,160
Paid insurance for one year.
30 Cash.................................................................. 3,300
Service Fees Earned................................ 3,300
Received fees in advance.
Dec. 1 Consulting Fees Expense............................... 2,700
Cash.......................................................... 2,700
Paid for future consulting.
15 Cash.................................................................. 7,650
Service Fees Earned................................ 7,650
Received fees in advance.
31 Prepaid Advertising........................................ 900
Advertising Expense............................... 900
To adjust for prepaid advertising.
31 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 1,800
Insurance Expense.................................. 1,800
To adjust for prepaid insurance.
31 Service Fees Earned....................................... 1,200
Unearned Service Fees........................... 1,200
To adjust for unearned service fees.
31 Prepaid Consulting Fees................................ 1,800
Consulting Fees Expense....................... 1,800
To adjust for prepaid consulting fees.
31 Service Fees Earned....................................... 4,650
Unearned Service Fees........................... 4,650
To adjust for unearned service fees.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition150
Problem 3-6AA
(Concluded)
Part 3
There are no differences between the two methods in terms of the amounts
that appear on the financial statements. In both cases, the financial
statements reflect the following:
Advertising expense for two months................................... $ 600
Prepaid advertising as of December 31............................... 900
Insurance expense for two months..................................... 360
Prepaid insurance as of December 31................................. 1,800
Consulting fees expense (1/3 of total paid)......................... 900
Prepaid consulting fees........................................................ 1,800
Service fees earned for two months ($2,100 + $3,000)...... 5,100
Unearned service fees at 12/31 ($1,200 + $4,650)............... 5,850
When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in balance
sheet accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to generate the
correct asset, expense, liability, and revenue account balances. When
prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in income
statement accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to
accomplish exactly the same result.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 151
PROBLEM SET B
Problem 3-1B (15 minutes)
1. E. 4. C. 7. F. 10. I.
2. H. 5. D. 8. I. 11. A.
3. G. 6. B. 9. F. 12. B.
Problem 3-2B (30 minutes)
Part 1
Adjustment (a)
Oct. 31 Office Supplies Expense........................................ 3,450
Office Supplies................................................ 3,450
To record cost of supplies used
($500 + $3,650 - $700).
Adjustment (b)
31 Insurance Expense................................................. 2,365
Prepaid Insurance........................................... 2,365
To record annual insurance coverage cost.
Policy Cost per Month
Months Active
in 2005
2005
Expense
A $125 ($3,000/24 mo.) 12 $1,500
B 100 ($3,600/36 mo.) 7 700
C 55 ( $660 / 12 mo.) 3 165
Total $2,365
Adjustment (c)
31 Salaries Expense.................................................... 800
Salaries Payable.............................................. 800
To record accrued but unpaid wages
(1 day x $800).
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Building.......................... 5,400
Accumulated Depreciation—Building........... 5,400
To record annual depreciation
[($155,000-$20,000) / 25 years = $5,400].
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition152
Problem 3-2B (Concluded)
Adjustment (e)
Oct. 31 Rent Receivable...................................................... 600
Rent Earned..................................................... 600
To record earned but unpaid Oct. rent.
Adjustment (f)
31 Unearned Rent........................................................ 1,050
Rent Earned..................................................... 1,050
To record rent earned for September
and October (2 x $525).
Part 2
Cash Payment for (c)
Nov. 7 Salaries Payable..................................................... 800
Salaries Expense*................................................... 3,200
Cash.................................................................. 4,000
To record payment of accrued and
current salaries. *(4 days x $800)
Cash Payment for (e)
15 Cash......................................................................... 1,200
Rent Receivable............................................... 600
Rent Earned..................................................... 600
To record past due rent for two months.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 153
Problem 3-3B (90 minutes)
Parts 1 and 2
Cash Accounts Payable
Bal. 50,000 Bal. 12,200
Accounts Receivable Salaries Payable
Unadj. Bal. 0 Unadj. Bal. 0
(f) 5,500 (g) 540
Adj. Bal. 5,500 Adj. Bal. 540
Teaching Supplies Unearned Training Fees
Unadj. Bal. 60,000 Unadj. Bal. 27,600
(b) 57,500 (e) 9,200
Adj. Bal. 2,500 Adj. Bal. 18,400
Prepaid Insurance M. Alcorn, Capital
Unadj. Bal. 18,000 Bal. 68,500
(a) 6,400
Adj. Bal. 11,600
M. Alcorn, Withdrawals
Prepaid Rent Bal. 20,000
Unadj. Bal. 2,600
(h) 2,600
Adj. Bal. 0
Professional Library
Bal. 10,000
Accumulated Depreciation—
Professional Library
Unadj. Bal. 1,500
(d) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 3,500
Equipment
Bal. 30,000
Accumulated Depreciation—
Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 16,000
(c) 4,000
Adj. Bal. 20,000
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition154
Problem 3-3B (Continued)
Parts 1 and 2
Tuition Fees Earned Advertising Expense
Unadj. Bal. 105,000 Bal. 18,000
(f) 5,500
Adj. Bal. 110,500
Training Fees Earned Utilities Expense
Unadj. Bal. 62,000 Bal. 12,400
(e) 9,200
Adj. Bal. 71,200
Depreciation Expense—
Professional Library
Unadj. Bal. 0
(d) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 2,000
Depreciation Expense—
Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 0
(c) 4,000
Adj. Bal. 4,000
Salaries Expense
Unadj. Bal. 43,200
(g) 540
Adj. Bal. 43,740
Insurance Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0
(a) 6,400
Adj. Bal. 6,400
Rent Expense
Unadj. Bal. 28,600
(h) 2,600
Adj. Bal. 31,200
Teaching Supplies Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0
(b) 57,500
Adj. Bal. 57,500
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 155
Problem 3-3B (Continued)
Part 2
Adjustment (a)
Dec. 31 Insurance Expense................................................ 6,400
Prepaid Insurance.......................................... 6,400
To record the insurance expired.
Adjustment (b)
31 Teaching Supplies Expense................................. 57,500
Teaching Supplies......................................... 57,500
To record the cost of supplies used
($60,000-$2,500).
Adjustment (c)
31 Depreciation Expense—Equipment..................... 4,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment..... 4,000
To record equipment depreciation.
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Professional Library.... 2,000
Accumulated Depreciation—
Professional Library............................. 2,000
To record professional library depreciation.
Adjustment (e)
31 Unearned Training Fees........................................ 9,200
Training Fees Earned..................................... 9,200
To record training fees earned that
were collected in advance.
Adjustment (f)
31 Accounts Receivable............................................ 5,500
Tuition Fees Earned....................................... 5,500
To record tuition earned ($2,200 x 2 1/2 mo).
Adjustment (g)
31 Salaries Expense................................................... 540
Salaries Payable............................................. 540
To accrue salaries expense (3 days x $180).
Adjustment (h)
31 Rent Expense ........................................................ 2,600
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition156
Prepaid Rent.............................................................. 2,600
To record expiration of prepaid rent.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 157
Problem 3-3B (Continued)
Part 3
ALCORN INSTITUTE
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2005
Debit Credit
Cash............................................................................ $ 50,000
Accounts receivable.................................................... 5,500
Teaching supplies....................................................... 2,500
Prepaid insurance....................................................... 11,600
Prepaid rent................................................................. 0
Professional library..................................................... 10,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library........ $ 3,500
Equipment................................................................... 30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment..................... 20,000
Accounts payable....................................................... 12,200
Salaries payable.......................................................... 540
Unearned training fees................................................ 18,400
M. Alcorn, Capital........................................................ 68,500
M. Alcorn, Withdrawals............................................... 20,000
Tuition fees earned...................................................... 110,500
Training fees earned.................................................... 71,200
Depreciation expense—Professional library............... 2,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment............................. 4,000
Salaries expense......................................................... 43,740
Insurance expense...................................................... 6,400
Rent expense.............................................................. 31,200
Teaching supplies expense......................................... 57,500
Advertising expense................................................... 18,000
Utilities expense.......................................................... 12,400 _______
Totals.......................................................................... $304,840 $304,840
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition158
Problem 3-3B (Continued)
Part 4
ALCORN INSTITUTE
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenues
Tuition fees earned.................................................... $110,500
Training fees earned.................................................. 71,200
Total revenues............................................................ $181,700
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Professional library.......... 2,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment......................... 4,000
Salaries expense........................................................ 43,740
Insurance expense.................................................... 6,400
Rent expense.............................................................. 31,200
Teaching supplies expense...................................... 57,500
Advertising expense.................................................. 18,000
Utilities expense......................................................... 12,400
Total expenses........................................................... 175,240
Net income.................................................................... $ 6,460
ALCORN INSTITUTE
Statement of Owner’s Equity
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
M. Alcorn, Capital, December 31, 2004.............. $68,500
Plus: Net income.................................................. 6,460
74,960
Less: Owner withdrawals.................................... 20,000
M. Alcorn, Capital, December 31, 2005.............. $54,960
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 159
Problem 3-3B (Concluded)
ALCORN INSTITUTE
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash.............................................................................. $50,000
Accounts receivable.................................................... 5,500
Teaching supplies....................................................... 2,500
Prepaid insurance........................................................ 11,600
Professional library..................................................... $10,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library........... (3,500) 6,500
Equipment.................................................................... 30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment.................... (20,000) 10,000
Total assets.................................................................. $86,100
Liabilities
Accounts payable........................................................ $12,200
Salaries payable........................................................... 540
Unearned training fees................................................ 18,400
Total liabilities.............................................................. 31,140
Equity
M. Alcorn, Capital......................................................... 54,960
Total liabilities and equity........................................... $86,100
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition160
Problem 3-4B (45 minutes) — Part 1
Account
Unadjusted
TrialBalance Adjustments
Adjusted
TrialBalance
Cash............................... $48,000 $48,000
Accountsreceivable......... 70,000 (a) 6,660 76,660
Officesupplies................. 30,000 (b) 23,000 7,000
Prepaidinsurance............ 13,200 (c) 4,600 8,600
Officeequipment.............. 150,000 150,000
Accumulateddepreciation—
Officeequipment................
$30,000 (d) 10,000 $40,000
Accountspayable............ 36,000 (e) 6,000 42,000
Interestpayable................ (f) 1,600 1,600
Salariespayable............... (g) 11,200 11,200
Unearnedconsultingfees. 30,000 (h) 12,200 17,800
Long-termnotespayable. . 80,000 80,000
D.Chen,Capital............... 70,200 70,200
D.Chen,Withdrawals....... 10,000 10,000
Consulting feesearned....
264,000
(a)
(h)
6,660
12,200 282,860
Depreciationexpense—
Officeequipment........... (d) 10,000 10,000
Salariesexpense.............. 115,600 (g) 11,200 126,800
Interestexpense............... 6,400 (f) 1,600 8,000
Insurance expense.......... (c) 4,600 4,600
Rentexpense.................. 24,000 24,000
Officesuppliesexpense.... (b) 23,000 23,000
Advertisingexpense......... 43,000 _______ (e) 6,000 ______ 49,000 _______
Totals.............................. $510,200 $510,200 $75,260 $75,260 $545,660 $545,660
Adjustment Descriptions:
(a) Earned but uncollected revenues.
(b) Cost of consumed office supplies.
(c) Cost of expired insurance coverage.
(d) Depreciation expense on office equipment.
(e) Incurred but unpaid advertising expense.
(f) Incurred but unpaid interest expense.
(g) Incurred but unpaid salaries expense.
(h) Earned revenues previously received in advance.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 161
Problem 3-4B
Part 2
DAXU CONSULTING COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenues
Consulting fees earned ..................................... $282,860
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Office equipment....... $ 10,000
Salaries expense ............................................... 126,800
Interest expense ................................................ 8,000
Insurance expense ............................................ 4,600
Rent expense ..................................................... 24,000
Office supplies expense ................................... 23,000
Advertising expense ......................................... 49,000
Total expenses................................................... 245,400
Net income............................................................ $ 37,460
DAXU CONSULTING COMPANY
Statement of Owner’s Equity
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
D. Chen, Capital, December 31, 2004................. $ 70,200
Plus: Net income.................................................. 37,460
107,660
Less: Owner withdrawals.................................... 10,000
D. Chen, Capital, December 31, 2005................. $ 97,660
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition162
Problem 3-4B (Concluded)
Part 2
DAXU CONSULTING COMPANY
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash............................................................................. $ 48,000
Accounts receivable................................................... 76,660
Office supplies............................................................ 7,000
Prepaid insurance....................................................... 8,600
Office equipment......................................................... $150,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment........ (40,000) 110,000
Total assets................................................................. $250,260
Liabilities
Accounts payable....................................................... $ 42,000
Interest payable........................................................... 1,600
Salaries payable.......................................................... 11,200
Unearned consulting fees.......................................... 17,800
Long-term notes payable........................................... 80,000
Total liabilities............................................................. 152,600
Equity
D. Chen, Capital.......................................................... 97,660
Total liabilities and equity.......................................... $250,260
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 163
Problem 3-5B (50 minutes)
Part 1
LIGHTNING COURIER
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenues
Delivery fees earned..................................... $580,000
Interest earned............................................... 24,000
Total revenues............................................... $604,000
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Trucks.................... 24,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment............. 46,000
Salaries expense........................................... 64,000
Wages expense............................................. 290,000
Interest expense............................................ 25,000
Office supplies expense............................... 33,000
Advertising expense..................................... 26,400
Repairs expense—Trucks............................ 34,600
Total expenses.............................................. 543,000
Net income....................................................... $ 61,000
LIGHTNING COURIER
Statement of Owner's Equity
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
J. Hallam, Capital, December 31, 2004.......... $115,000
Plus : Net income........................................... 61,000
176,000
Less: Withdrawals by owner......................... 40,000
J. Hallam, Capital, December 31, 2005.......... $136,000
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition164
Problem 3-5B (Concluded)
LIGHTNING COURIER
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash...................................................................... $ 48,000
Accounts receivable........................................... 110,000
Interest receivable............................................... 6,000
Notes receivable (due in 90 days)........................ 200,000
Office supplies.................................................... 12,000
Trucks................................................................... $ 124,000
Accumulated depreciation—Trucks.................. (48,000) 76,000
Equipment............................................................ 260,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment........... (190,000) 70,000
Land...................................................................... 90,000
Total assets......................................................... $612,000
Liabilities
Accounts payable............................................... $124,000
Interest payable................................................... 22,000
Salaries payable.................................................. 30,000
Unearned delivery fees....................................... 110,000
Long-term notes payable................................... 190,000
Total liabilities..................................................... 476,000
Equity
J. Hallam, Capital................................................ 136,000
Total liabilities and equity.................................. $612,000
Part 2
Profit margin = $61,000 / $604,000 = 10.1%
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 165
Problem 3-6BA
(40 minutes)
Part 1
Method that records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in balance sheet accounts:
Apr. 1 Prepaid Consulting Fees..................................... 3,450
Cash............................................................... 3,450
Paid for future consulting services.
1 Prepaid Insurance................................................ 2,700
Cash............................................................... 2,700
Paid insurance for one year.
30 Cash....................................................................... 7,500
Unearned Service Fees................................ 7,500
Received fees in advance.
May 1 Prepaid Advertising............................................. 3,450
Cash............................................................... 3,450
Paid for future advertising.
23 Cash ..................................................................... 9,450
Unearned Service Fees............................... 9,450
Received fees in advance.
31 Consulting Fees Expense.................................... 1,500
Prepaid Consulting Fees.............................. 1,500
To adjust prepaid consulting fees.
31 Insurance Expense............................................... 450
Prepaid Insurance......................................... 450
To adjust prepaid insurance.
31 Unearned Service Fees ....................................... 3,900
Service Fees Earned..................................... 3,900
To adjust unearned service fees.
31 Advertising Expense............................................ 2,400
Prepaid Advertising...................................... 2,400
To adjust prepaid advertising.
31 Unearned Service Fees........................................ 4,500
Service Fees Earned..................................... 4,500
To adjust unearned service fees.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition166
Problem 3-6BA
(Continued)
Part 2
Method that records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in income statement accounts:
Apr. 1 Consulting Fees Expense ................................. 3,450
Cash.............................................................. 3,450
Paid for future consulting services.
1 Insurance Expense............................................. 2,700
Cash.............................................................. 2,700
Paid insurance for one year.
30 Cash..................................................................... 7,500
Service Fees Earned................................... 7,500
Received fees in advance.
May 1 Advertising Expense........................................... 3,450
Cash.............................................................. 3,450
Paid for future advertising.
23 Cash..................................................................... 9,450
Service Fees Earned................................... 9,450
Received fees in advance.
31 Prepaid Consulting Fees.................................... 1,950
Consulting Fees Expense........................... 1,950
To adjust for prepaid consulting fees.
31 Prepaid Insurance .............................................. 2,250
Insurance Expense...................................... 2,250
To adjust for prepaid insurance.
31 Service Fees Earned........................................... 3,600
Unearned Service Fees .............................. 3,600
To adjust for unearned service fees.
31 Prepaid Advertising............................................ 1,050
Advertising Expense................................... 1,050
To adjust for prepaid advertising.
31 Service Fees Earned........................................... 4,950
Unearned Service Fees .............................. 4,950
To adjust for unearned service fees.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 167
Problem 3-6BA
(Concluded)
Part 3
There are no differences between the two methods in terms of the amounts
that appear on the financial statements. In both cases, the financial
statements reflect the following:
Prepaid consulting fees as of May 31....................................$ 1,950
Consulting fees expense for two months.............................. 1,500
Insurance expense for two months........................................ 450
Prepaid insurance as of May 31.............................................. 2,250
Unearned service fees as of May 31 ($3,600 + $4,950)......... 8,550
Service fees earned for two months ($3,900 + $4,500)......... 8,400
Prepaid advertising as of May 31............................................ 1,050
Advertising expense for two months..................................... 2,400
When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in balance
sheet accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to generate the
correct asset, expense, liability, and revenue account balances. When
prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in income
statement accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to
accomplish exactly the same result.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition168
Serial Problem
Serial Problem, Success Systems (120 minutes) Part 1
Journal entries:
Dec. 2 Advertising Expense..................................655 1,025
Cash.....................................................101 1,025
Paid share of mall advertising costs.
3 Repairs Expense—Computer....................684 500
Cash.....................................................101 500
Repaired the computer.
4 Cash.............................................................101 3,950
Accounts Receivable..........................106 3,950
Collected accounts receivable.
10 Wages Expense..........................................623 750
Cash.....................................................101 750
Paid employee for part-time work.
14 Cash.............................................................101 1,500
Unearned Computer Services Revenue...236 1,500
Received advance on work to be performed.
15 Computer Supplies....................................126 1,100
Accounts Payable...............................201 1,100
Purchased supplies on credit.
16 No entry recorded in the journal.
20 Cash.............................................................101 5,625
Computer Services Revenue.............403 5,625
Collected cash revenue from customer.
28 Cash.............................................................101 3,000
Accounts Receivable..........................106 3,000
Collected accounts receivable.
29 Mileage Expense........................................676 192
Cash.....................................................101 192
Reimbursed Breeze for mileage.
31 K. Breeze, Withdrawals..............................302 1,500
Cash.....................................................101 1,500
Owner withdraws cash.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 169
Serial Problem (Continued)
Part 2
Adjusting entries:
Dec. 31 Computer Supplies Expense .........................652 3,065
Computer Supplies .................................126 3,065
Adjustment for supplies used (supplies
balance less cost of supplies available).
31 Insurance Expense .........................................637 555
Prepaid Insurance ...................................128 555
Adjustment for expired insurance (1/4
of original prepaid amount).
31 Wages Expense ..............................................623 500
Wages Payable ........................................210 500
Adjustment for accrued wages.
31 Depreciation Exp—Computer Equip.............613 1,250
Accumulated Depreciation—
Computer Equipment...........................168 1,250
Adjustment for computer equipment depreciation:
Cost......................................................... $20,000
Predicted life........................................... 4 years
Annual depreciation (cost/life).............. $5,000
Expense for three months..................... $1,250
31 Depreciation Expense—Office Equip............612 400
Accumulated Depreciation—
Office Equipment ..................................164 400
Adjustment for office equipment depreciation:
Cost.......................................................... $8,000
Predicted life............................................ 5 years
Annual depreciation (cost/life)............... $1,600
Expense for three months....................... $400
31 Rent Expense ..................................................640 2,475
Prepaid Rent ............................................131 2,475
Adjustment for expired rent (3/4 of
original prepaid amount).
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition170
Serial Problem (Continued)
Parts 1 and 2
Posting to the accounts:
Cash Acct. No. 101
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 1 55,000 55,000
2 3,300 51,700
5 2,220 49,480
8 1,420 48,060
15 4,800 52,860
17 805 52,055
20 1,940 50,115
22 1,400 51,515
31 875 50,640
31 3,600 47,040
Nov. 1 320 46,720
2 4,633 51,353
5 1,125 50,228
18 2,208 52,436
22 250 52,186
28 384 51,802
30 1,750 50,052
30 2,000 48,052
Dec. 2 1,025 47,027
3 500 46,527
4 3,950 50,477
10 750 49,727
14 1,500 51,227
20 5,625 56,852
28 3,000 59,852
29 192 59,660
31 1,500 58,160
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 171
Serial Problem (Continued)
Parts 1 and 2
Accounts Receivable Acct. No. 106
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 6 4,800 4,800
12 1,400 6,200
15 4,800 1,400
22 1,400 0
28 5,208 5,208
Nov. 8 5,668 10,876
18 2,208 8,668
24 3,950 12,618
Dec. 4 3,950 8,668
28 3,000 5,668
Computer Supplies Acct. No. 126
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 3 1,420 1,420
Nov. 5 1,125 2,545
Dec. 15 1,100 3,645
31 3,065 580
Prepaid Insurance Acct. No. 128
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 5 2,220 2,220
Dec. 31 555 1,665
Prepaid Rent Acct. No. 131
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 2 3,300 3,300
Dec. 31 2,475 825
Office Equipment Acct. No. 163
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 1 8,000 8,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Office Equipment Acct. No. 164
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 400 400
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition172
Serial Problem (Continued)
Parts 1 and 2
Computer Equipment Acct. No. 167
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 1 20,000 20,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Computer Equipment Acct. No. 168
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 1,250 1,250
Accounts Payable Acct. No. 201
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 3 1,420 1,420
8 1,420 0
Dec. 15 1,100 1,100
Wages Payable Acct. No. 210
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 500 500
Unearned Computer Services Revenue Acct. No. 236
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 14 1,500 1,500
K. Breeze, Capital Acct. No. 301
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 1 83,000 83,000
K. Breeze, Withdrawals Acct. No. 302
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 31 3,600 3,600
Nov. 30 2,000 5,600
Dec. 31 1,500 7,100
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 173
Serial Problem (Continued)
Parts 1 and 2
Computer Services Revenue Acct. No. 403
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 6 4,800 4,800
12 1,400 6,200
28 5,208 11,408
Nov. 2 4,633 16,041
8 5,668 21,709
24 3,950 25,659
Dec. 20 5,625 31,284
Depreciation Expense—Office Equipment Acct. No. 612
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 400 400
Depreciation Expense—Computer Equipment Acct. No. 613
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 1,250 1,250
Wages Expense Acct. No. 623
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 31 875 875
Nov. 30 1,750 2,625
Dec. 10 750 3,375
31 500 3,875
Insurance Expense Acct. No. 637
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 555 555
Rent Expense Acct. No. 640
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 2,475 2,475
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition174
Serial Problem (Continued)
Parts 1 and 2
Computer Supplies Expense Acct. No. 652
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Dec. 31 3,065 3,065
Advertising Expense Acct. No. 655
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 20 1,940 1,940
Dec. 2 1,025 2,965
Mileage Expense Acct. No. 676
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Nov. 1 320 320
28 384 704
Dec. 29 192 896
Miscellaneous Expenses Acct. No. 677
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Nov. 22 250 250
Repairs Expense—Computer Acct. No. 684
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 17 805 805
Dec. 3 500 1,305
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 175
Serial Problem (Continued)
Part 3
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2004
Debit Credit
Cash ............................................................................ $ 58,160
Accounts receivable .................................................. 5,668
Computer supplies .................................................... 580
Prepaid insurance ..................................................... 1,665
Prepaid rent ................................................................ 825
Office equipment ....................................................... 8,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment....... $ 400
Computer equipment ................................................ 20,000
Accumulated depreciation—Computer equipment. 1,250
Accounts payable ...................................................... 1,100
Wages payable ........................................................... 500
Unearned computer services revenue .................... 1,500
K. Breeze, Capital....................................................... 83,000
K. Breeze, Withdrawals.............................................. 7,100
Computer services revenue ..................................... 31,284
Depreciation expense—Office equipment .............. 400
Depreciation expense—Computer equipment........ 1,250
Wages expense .......................................................... 3,875
Insurance expense .................................................... 555
Rent expense ............................................................. 2,475
Computer supplies expense .................................... 3,065
Advertising expense.................................................. 2,965
Mileage expense ........................................................ 896
Miscellaneous expenses .......................................... 250
Repairs expense—Computer ................................... 1,305 _______
Totals........................................................................... $119,034 $119,034
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition176
Serial Problem (Continued)
Part 4
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
Income Statement
For Three Months Ended December 31, 2004
Revenue
Computer services revenue....................................... $31,284
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Office equipment................ $ 400
Depreciation expense—Computer equipment......... 1,250
Wages expense........................................................... 3,875
Insurance expense...................................................... 555
Rent expense............................................................... 2,475
Computer supplies expense...................................... 3,065
Advertising expense................................................... 2,965
Mileage expense......................................................... 896
Miscellaneous expenses............................................ 250
Repairs expense—Computer..................................... 1,305
Total expenses............................................................ 17,036
Net income..................................................................... $14,248
Part 5
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
Statement of Owner’s Equity
For Three Months Ended December 31, 2004
K. Breeze, Capital, October 1, 2004................. $ 0
Plus: Owner investment.......... 83,000
Net income.............................................. 14,248
97,248
Less: Owner withdrawals.................................. 7,100
K. Breeze, Capital, December 31, 2004............ $90,148
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 177
Serial Problem (Continued)
Part 6
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2004
Assets
Cash ................................................................................ $58,160
Accounts receivable ..................................................... 5,668
Computer supplies ........................................................ 580
Prepaid insurance ......................................................... 1,665
Prepaid rent ................................................................... 825
Office equipment ........................................................... $ 8,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment........... (400) 7,600
Computer equipment..................................................... 20,000
Accumulated depreciation—Computer equipment.... (1,250) 18,750
Total assets..................................................................... $93,248
Liabilities
Accounts payable........................................................... $ 1,100
Wages payable............................................................... 500
Unearned computer services revenue......................... 1,500
Total liabilities................................................................ 3,100
Equity
K. Breeze, Capital........................................................... 90,148
Total liabilities and equity............................................. $93,248
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition178
Reporting in Action — BTN 3-1
1. The revenue recognition principle requires that revenue be recorded
when earned, not before and not after. Most companies earn revenue
when they provide services and products to customers.
2. Krispy Kreme provides information related to revenue recognition in
footnote 2 discussing the “Nature of Business and Significant
Accounting Policies.” A policy on revenue recognition is stated for
each segment of the company.
• Company Store operations revenue is derived from the sale of
doughnuts and related items to on-premises and off-premises
customers. Revenue is recognized at the time of sale for on-premises
sales and at the time of delivery for off premises sales.
• Franchise Operations revenue is derived from: (1) development and
franchise fees from the opening of new stores; and (2) royalties
charged to franchisees based on sales. Development and franchise
fees are charged for certain new stores and are deferred until the
store is opened. The royalties recognized in each period are based on
the sales in that period.
• KKM&D revenue is derived from the sale of doughnut-making
equipment, mix and other supplies needed to operate a doughnut
store to Company-owned and franchised stores. Revenue is
recognized at the time the title and risk of loss pass to the customer,
generally upon delivery of the goods.
3. For fiscal year-end February 2, 2003, the profit margin is:
$33,478,000 / $491,549,000 = 0.068 = 6.8%
For fiscal year-end February 3, 2002, the profit margin is:
$26,378,000 / $394,354,000 = 0.067 = 6.7%
4. Solution depends on the financial statements accessed.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 179
Comparative Analysis — BTN 3-2
1. Krispy Kreme
Current year, profit margin = $33,478 / $491,549 = 6.8%
Prior year, profit margin = $26,378 / $394,354 = 6.7%
Tastykake
Current year, profit margin = $2,000 / $162,263 = 1.2%
Prior year, profit margin = $8,048 / $166,245 = 4.8%
2. Krispy Kreme is more successful on the basis of profit margin. In the
most current year, Krispy Kreme earned an average of 6.8 cents on the
dollar while Tastykake earned 1.2 cents on the dollar. For the prior
years, Krispy Kreme earned 6.7 cents on the dollar compared to 4.8
cents for Tastykake.
Ethics Challenge — BTN 3-3
1. GAAP requires that annual deprecation be accumulated in a contra-
asset account, called Accumulated Depreciation. While property, plant,
and equipment is often shown at its net value on the balance sheet (as
in Krispy Kreme’s balance sheet in Appendix A) the cost of property,
plant, and equipment along with its related accumulated depreciation
are reported in the footnotes. Thus, Bergez is correct with her journal
entry recommendation.
2. One strength of Welch’s method would be the ease of preparing the
balance sheet. The property, plant, and equipment balance in the
adjusted trial balance would be directly transferable to the balance sheet
when the preparer desired to show the amount at net. Welch’s approach
carries weaknesses in that financial statement users would not be able
to ascertain the original cost of the equipment or be able to know how
much of the original cost had been allocated to depreciation to date.
3. While both approaches would lead to the same total assets on the
balance sheet, GAAP requires Bergez’s approach. As a professional,
Bergez is required to uphold the standards of her profession and thus
the decision is an ethical one for her.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition180
Communicating in Practice — BTN 3-4
This communication activity has no set solution. A class discussion of the
ratios can be conducted with emphasis on (1) return and profitability by
industries and (2) a contrast of debt financing between industries.
Taking It to the Net — BTN 3-5
1. Cannondale’s primarily sells mountain bikes.
2. Review 10-K.
3. Recent fiscal years have ended on June 29, 2002, June 30, 2001 and July
1, 2000. While Cannondale labels these endings as “12 months ended”
they appear to be reporting as of the end of the 52nd week.
4. Net sales for the fiscal year ended June 29, 2002, is $156,655,000.
5. Net loss for the fiscal year ended June 29, 2002, is $15,440,000.
6. Profit margin is: $(15,440) / $156,655 = -0.099 = -9.8% (or non-interpretable)
7. Cannondale’s fiscal year-end appears to (but does not necessarily)
correspond to its natural business year. The difficulty in reaching a
definitive answer to this question is the lack of information in
Cannondale’s statements. The quarterly sales data does reveal that the
3 months ending in June has reported the highest sales of the four
quarters for the last two years reported. Management does discuss
“seasonality” as a factor affecting business. The bottom line is
Cannondale’s fiscal year-end appears to correspond to its natural
business year, but we cannot be certain.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 181
Teamwork in Action — BTN 3-6
Note that there is no specific solution to this activity. Nevertheless, the
presentation of each expert team should reflect the following summary points:
Before Adjusting
Balance Sheet Income Statement
Type Account Account Adjusting Entry
Prepaid expense Asset overstated Expense understated Dr. Expense
Cr. Asset*
Unearned revenues Liability overstated Revenue understated Dr. Liability
Cr. Revenue
Accrued Expenses Liability understated Expense understated Dr. Expense
Cr. Liability
Accrued Revenues Asset understated Revenue understated Dr. Asset
Cr. Revenue
* For depreciation, one would Credit the Accumulated Depreciation contra account.
Some implementation notes: This activity allows all students to be actively
involved in the learning process. Encourage students to take the opportunity to
ask questions in the small group environment the learning team provides.
Encourage the better students to serve as experts on unearned revenues. The
instructor’s observation of and reactions to expert teams’ development of
presentation material as well as the delivery to learning teams will have a
significant impact on the effectiveness of this activity.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition182
Business Week Activity — BTN 3-7
1. Herz personally favors a move toward what is known as “principles-
based accounting.” This type of accounting would require a vast
simplification of accounting standards where professionals would be
asked to comply with broad goals and objectives. Such accounting
would be a move away from a lengthy list of rules and exceptions.
2. Herz believes that breaking the rules is at the core of most of the
scandals. When a person or company just outright violates standards
and commits fraud, it is hard to say the standard is wrong. It’s like when
someone robs a bank: You can’t really say that the law against bank
robbing was part of the problem.
3. A principles-based system is one where the accounting standard simply
lays out objectives of good reporting in an area. It may include some
rules, based on the objectives, but it does not try to answer every
question or provide a rule for every situation. So a typical standard
would be more like 10-to-12 pages in length rather than 200 pages.
4. Principles-based accounting requires the exercise of good judgment by
both companies and auditors. Those who don’t like the principles-
based approach say, “I don’t trust people to do that.” They think people
need rules to follow or they will try to find a way to make an objective fit
almost any situation.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 183
Entrepreneurial Decision — BTN 3-8
1. Many businesses find it cheaper to use outside collection agencies rather
than hire in-house staff to handle past-due account collections.
Additionally, owners of collection agencies are usually experts in the art of
collection and may be able to collect on accounts that the businesses
themselves never would be able to. Although a 50% commission seems
steep, it must be weighed against the possibility that zero collections may
be realized if the account is not turned over.
2. Mellie’s net income = Income x Profit margin = $40,000,000 x 0.08 =
$3,200,000.
3. Current commission expense = $40,000,000 x 0.02 = $800,000.
4. If the commission fee charged can be negotiated down from 50% to 40%,
this will be a 20% reduction in commission expense. This is computed as:
(50% - 40%) / 50% = 20%. Specifically, the commission expense would
change from $800,000 to 80% of $800,000 or $640,000 (also computed as
$40,000,000 x 0.02 x (40%/50%)).
The $160,000 reduction from $800,000 to $640,000 represents a 20% decline
from $800,000.
5. Net income would be $160,000 higher since commission expense would be
reduced by $160,000. Net income would change to $3,360,000 [$3,200,000 +
$160,000].
Profit margin would then equal: $3,360,000/$40,000,000 = 8.4%.
Hitting the Road — BTN 3-9
There is no formal solution to this field activity. The instructor may wish to
tally students’ findings to see what companies were selected, who
responded, what was the response time, etc. The instructor can also
periodically ask students to bring in examples from their selected
companies at certain times, and then compare and contrast them with the
examples in the book.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition184
Global Decision — BTN 3-10
1. Grupo Bimbo states under its “Significant Accounting Policies” in its
annual report that revenue is recognized when the product is shipped.
2. The five types of assets that are depreciated by Grupo Bimbo are:
a. Buildings
b. Manufacturing equipment
c. Vehicles
d. Office equipment
e. Computer equipment
Land, construction-in-progress, and machinery-in-transit are not
depreciated.
3. Grupo Bimbo profit margin (in thousands of pesos):
2002 profit margin = 1,002,664 / 41,373,269 = 2.4%
2001 profit margin = 1,682,025 / 34,968,097 = 4.8%
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 185

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Solution manual chapter 3 fap

  • 1. Chapter 3 Adjusting Accounts and Preparing Financial Statements QUESTIONS 1. The cash basis of accounting reports revenues when cash is received while the accrual basis reports revenues when they are earned. The cash basis reports expenses when cash is paid while the accrual basis reports expenses when they are incurred (and matched with revenues they generated). 2. The accrual basis of accounting generally provides a better indication of company performance and financial condition than does the cash basis. Also, the accrual basis increases the comparability of financial statements from one period to the next. Thus, business decision makers generally prefer the accrual basis. 3. Businesses that have major seasonal variations in sales are most likely to select the natural business year as the fiscal year. 4. A prepaid expense is reported as an asset on the balance sheet. 5. Depreciable plant assets (such as equipment, buildings, and machinery) lead to adjustments for depreciation. 6. The Accumulated Depreciation contra account is used for depreciation. It provides financial statement users with additional information about the relative age of the assets. Without the contra account information, the reader would not be able to tell whether the assets are new or in need of replacement. 7. An unearned revenue is reported as a liability on the balance sheet. 8. An accrued revenue is revenue that is earned but is not yet received in cash (and/or other assets) and the customer has not been billed prior to the end of the period. Therefore, end-of-period adjustments are made to record accrued revenue. Examples are interest income that has been earned but not collected and revenues from services performed that are neither collected nor billed. 9. If prepaid expenses are initially recorded with debits to expense accounts, then the prepaid expenses asset accounts are debited in the adjusting entries. 10. For Krispy Kreme, the two accounts of Prepaid Expenses and Property and Equipment require adjusting entries. The expense account(s) related to the prepaid account and the depreciation expense account would be understated on the income statement if Krispy Kreme fails to adjust these two asset accounts. If the adjusting entries are not made, net income would be overstated. Note: Students might also correctly identify accounts receivable, deferred income taxes and intangible assets as needing adjustment. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 119
  • 2. 11. In addition to prepayments, Tastykake must make adjusting entries to Property, Plant and Equipment, Deferred Income Taxes, Accrued Payroll and Employee Benefits, and possibly other assets and liabilities such as Receivables (for bad debts). 12. The Accrued Wages Expense would be reported as part of “Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities” on Harley-Davidson’s balance sheet. QUICK STUDIES Quick Study 3-1 (10 minutes) a. UR Unearned revenue b. PE Prepaid expenses (Depreciation) c. AE Accrued expenses d. AR Accrued revenue e. PE Prepaid expenses Quick Study 3-2 (10 minutes) a. Insurance Expense....................................................... 1,800 Prepaid Insurance................................................. 1,800 To record 6-month insurance coverage expired. b. Supplies Expense......................................................... 2,700 Supplies.................................................................. 2,700 To record supplies used during the year. ($1,000 + $3,000 – [?] = $1,300) Quick Study 3-3 (10 minutes) a. Depreciation Expense—Equipment............................ 5,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment............. 5,000 To record depreciation expense for the year. ($30,000 - $5,000) / 5 years = $5,000 b. No depreciation adjustments are made for land as it is expected to last indefinitely. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition120
  • 3. Quick Study 3-4 (15 minutes) a. Unearned Revenue........................................................ 15,000 Legal Revenue....................................................... 15,000 To recognize legal revenue earned (20,000 x 3/4). b. Unearned Subscription Revenue................................ 2,400 Subscription Revenue........................................... 2,400 To recognize subscription revenue earned. [100 x ($48 / 12 month) x 6 months] Quick Study 3-5 (10 minutes) Salaries Expense........................................................... 400 Salaries Payable.................................................... 400 To record salaries incurred but not yet paid. [One student earns, $100 x 4 days, M-R] Quick Study 3-6 (15 minutes) Accounts Debited and Credited Financial Statement a. Debit Unearned Revenue Balance Sheet Credit Revenue Earned Income Statement b. Debit Depreciation Expense Income Statement Credit Accumulated Depreciation Balance Sheet c. Debit Wages Expense Income Statement Credit Wages Payable Balance Sheet d. Debit Accounts Receivable Balance Sheet Credit Revenue Earned Income Statement e. Debit Insurance Expense Income Statement Credit Prepaid Insurance Balance Sheet Quick Study 3-7 (10 minutes) Adjusting entry Debit Credit 1. Accrue salaries expense f d 2. Adjust the Unearned Services Revenue account e g ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 121
  • 4. to recognize earned revenue 3. Record the earning of services revenue for which cash will be received the following period a g ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition122
  • 5. Quick Study 3-8 (10 minutes) The answer is c. Explanation: The debit balance in Prepaid Insurance was reduced by $400, implying a $400 debit to Insurance Expense. The credit balance in Interest Payable increased by $800, implying an $800 debit to Interest Expense. Quick Study 3-9 (10 minutes) Cash Accounting: Revenues (cash receipts)....................................................... $33,000 Expenses (cash payments: $22,500 - $2,250 + $3,750)....... 24,000 Net income .............................................................................. $ 9,000 Accrual Accounting: Revenues (earned) ................................................................. $39,000 Expenses (incurred) ............................................................... 22,500 Net income............................................................................... $16,500 Quick Study 3-10 (15 minutes) The answer is 2. Explanation: Insurance premium error: Understates expenses (and overstates assets) by........... $1,600 Accrued salaries error: Understates expenses (and understates liabilities) by.... 1,000 Combination of errors: Understates expenses by................................................... $2,600 Overstates assets by.......................................................... $1,600 Understates liabilities by.................................................... $1,000 Quick Study 3-11 (10 minutes) Profit margin = $37,925 / $390,000 = 9.7% ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 123
  • 6. Interpretation: For every one dollar that Yang Company records as revenue, it earns 9.7 cents in net income. Yang’s 9.7% is markedly lower than competitors’ average profit margin of 15%—it must improve performance. Quick Study 3-12A (5 minutes) The answer is d. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition124
  • 7. EXERCISES Exercise 3-1 (15 minutes) 1. B. 4. F 2. E. 5. D 3. C. 6. A. Exercise 3-2 (30 minutes) a. Unearned Fee Revenue................................................. 10,000 Fee Revenue............................................................... 10,000 To record earned portion of fee received in advance. b. Wages Expense.............................................................. 9,000 Wages Payable........................................................... 9,000 To record wages accrued but not yet paid. c. Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............................. 19,127 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment.................. 19,127 To record depreciation expense for the year. d. Office Supplies Expense............................................... 5,242 Office Supplies** ......................................................... 5,242 To record office supplies used ($480 + $5,349 - $587). e. Insurance Expense........................................................ 2,800 Prepaid Insurance* ..................................................... 2,800 To record insurance coverage expired ($5,000 - $2,200). f. Interest Receivable....................................................... 750 Interest Revenue....................................................... 750 To record interest earned but not yet received. g. Interest Expense........................................................... 3,500 Interest Payable........................................................ 3,500 To record interest incurred but not yet paid. Notes: Prepaid Insurance* Office Supplies** Beg. Bal. 5,000 Beg. Bal. 480 Purch. 5,349 ? Used ? Used ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 125
  • 8. End. Bal. 2,200 End. Bal. 587 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition126
  • 9. Exercise 3-3 (25 minutes) a. Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............................. 16,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment.................. 16,000 To record depreciation expense for the year. b. Insurance Expense........................................................ 5,960 Prepaid Insurance* ..................................................... 5,960 To record insurance coverage that expired ($7,000 - $1,040). c. Office Supplies Expense............................................... 2,626 Office Supplies** ......................................................... 2,626 To record office supplies used ($300 + $2,680 - $354). d. Unearned Fee Revenue................................................. 5,000 Fee Revenue............................................................... 5,000 To record earned portion of fee received in advance ($10,000 x 1/2). e. Insurance Expense........................................................ 4,600 Prepaid Insurance...................................................... 4,600 To record insurance coverage that expired. f. Wages Expense.............................................................. 4,000 Wages Payable........................................................... 4,000 To record wages accrued but not yet paid. Notes: Prepaid Insurance* Office Supplies** Bal. Bal. 7,000 Beg. Bal. 300 Purch. 2,680 ? Used ? Used End. Bal. 1,040 End. Bal. 354 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 127
  • 10. Exercise 3-4 (15 minutes) a. Adjusting entry: 2005 Dec. 31 Wages Expense................................................ 500 Wages Payable.............................................. 500 To record accrued wages for one day. (5 workers x $100) b. Payday entry: 2006 Jan. 4 Wages Expense................................................ 1,500 Wages Payable.................................................. 500 Cash............................................................... 2,000 To record accrued and current wages. Exercise 3-5 (15 minutes) a. $1,650 b. $5,700 c. $10,080 d. $1,375 Proof: (a) (b) (c) (d) Supplies available – prior year-end....... $ 300 $1,600 $ 1,360 $1,375 Supplies purchased in current year....... 2,100 5,400 10,080 6,000 Total supplies available........................... 2,400 7,000 11,440 7,375 Supplies available – current year-end... (750) (5,700) (1,840) (800) Supplies expense for current year......... $1,650 $1,300 $ 9,600 $6,575 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition128
  • 11. Exercise 3-6 (25 minutes) a. Apr. 30 Legal Fees Expense............................................ 2,500 Legal Fees Payable..................................... 2,500 To record accrued legal fees. May 12 Legal Fees Payable............................................. 2,500 Cash.............................................................. 2,500 To pay accrued legal fees. b. Apr. 30 Interest Expense................................................. 2,080 Interest Payable........................................... 2,080 To record accrued interest expense (9.6% x $780,000 x 10/360) or ($6,240 x 10/30). May 20 Interest Payable................................................... 2,080 Interest Expense................................................. 4,160 Cash.............................................................. 6,240 To record payment of accrued and current interest expense (9.6% x $780,000 x 20/360). c. Apr. 30 Salaries Expense................................................. 3,600 Salaries Payable.......................................... 3,600 To record accrued salaries ($9,000 x 2/5 week). May 3 Salaries Payable.................................................. 3,600 Salaries Expense................................................. 5,400 Cash.............................................................. 9,000 To record payment of accrued and current salaries ($9,000 x 3/5 week). ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 129
  • 12. Exercise 3-7 (20 minutes) Balance Sheet Insurance Asset using Insurance Expense using Accrual Basis* Cash Basis Accrual Basis** Cash Basis Dec. 31, 2003 $11,700 $0 2003......... $ 4,500 $16,200 Dec. 31, 2004 6,300 0 2004......... 5,400 0 Dec. 31, 2005 900 0 2005......... 5,400 0 Dec. 31, 2006 0 0 2006......... 900 0 Total........ $16,200 $16,200 EXPLANATIONS: * Accrual asset balance equals months left in the policy x $450 per month (monthly cost is computed as $450, from $16,200 divided by 36 months). Months Left Balance 12/31/2003... 26 $11,700 12/31/2004... 14 6,300 12/31/2005... 2 900 12/31/2006... 0 0 ** Accrual insurance expense equals months covered in the year x $450 per month. Months Covered Expense 2003...... 10 $ 4,500 2004...... 12 5,400 2005...... 12 5,400 2006...... 2 900 $16,200 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition130
  • 13. Exercise 3-8 (25 minutes) Dec. 31 Accounts Receivable.............................................. 1,800 Fees Earned..................................................... 1,800 To record earned but unbilled fees (30% x $6,000). 31 Unearned Fees......................................................... 4,200 Fees Earned..................................................... 4,200 To record earned fees collected in advance (70% x $6,000). 31 Depreciation Expense—Computers....................... 1,500 Accumulated Depreciation—Computers...... 1,500 To record depreciation on computers. 31 Depreciation Expense—Office Furniture................ 1,750 Accumulated Depreciation—Office Furniture.... 1,750 To record depreciation on office furniture. 31 Salaries Expense.................................................... 2,450 Salaries Payable.............................................. 2,450 To record accrued salaries. 31 Insurance Expense.................................................. 1,300 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 1,300 To record expired prepaid insurance. 31 Office Supplies Expense......................................... 480 Office Supplies................................................ 480 To record use of office supplies. 31 Utilities Expense...................................................... 70 Utilities Payable............................................... 70 To record incurred and unpaid utility costs. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 131
  • 14. Exercise 3-9 (10 minutes) a. $5,390 / $44,830 = 12.0% b. $87,644 / $398,954 = 22.0% c. $93,385 / $257,082 = 36.3% d. $55,234 / $1,458,999 = 3.8% e. $70,158 / $435,925 = 16.1% Analysis and Interpretation: Company c has the highest profitability according to the profit margin ratio. Company c earns 36.3 cents in net income for each one dollar of net sales recorded. Exercise 3-10A (30 minutes) a. Dec. 1 Supplies Expense............................................ 3,000 Cash.......................................................... 3,000 Purchased supplies. b. Dec. 2 Insurance Expense.......................................... 1,440 Cash.......................................................... 1,440 Paid insurance premiums. c. Dec.15 Cash.................................................................. 12,000 Remodeling Fees Earned........................ 12,000 Received fees for work to be done. d. Dec.28 Cash.................................................................. 3,600 Remodeling Fees Earned........................ 3,600 Received fees for work to be done. e. Dec.31 Supplies........................................................... 1,920 Supplies Expense.................................... 1,920 Adjust expenses for unused supplies. f. Dec.31 Prepaid Insurance ($1,440 - $240)................. 1,200 Insurance Expense.................................. 1,200 Adjust expenses for unexpired coverage. g. Dec.31 Remodeling Fees Earned .............................. 9,300 Unearned Remodeling Fees................... 9,300 Adjusted revenues for unfinished projects ($12,000 + $3,600 - $6,300). ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition132
  • 15. Exercise 3-11A (25 minutes) a. Initial credit recorded in the Unearned Fees account: July 1 Cash....................................................................... 2,000 Unearned Fees.............................................. 2,000 Received fees for work to be done. 6 Cash....................................................................... 8,400 Unearned Fees.............................................. 8,400 Received fees for work to be done. 12 Unearned Fees...................................................... 2,000 Fees Earned................................................... 2,000 Completed work for customer. 18 Cash....................................................................... 7,500 Unearned Fees.............................................. 7,500 Received fees for work to be done. 27 Unearned Fees...................................................... 8,400 Fees Earned................................................... 8,400 Completed work for customer. 31 No adjusting entries required. b. Initial credit recorded in the Fees Earned account: July 1 Cash....................................................................... 2,000 Fees Earned................................................... 2,000 Received fees for work to be done. 6 Cash....................................................................... 8,400 Fees Earned................................................... 8,400 Received fees for work to be done. 12 No entry required. 18 Cash....................................................................... 7,500 Fees Earned................................................... 7,500 Received fees for work to be done. 27 No entry required. 31 Fees Earned.......................................................... 7,500 Unearned Fees.............................................. 7,500 Adjusted to reflect unearned fees for unfinished job. c. Under the first method (and using entries from a): Unearned Fees = $2,000 + $8,400 - $2,000 + $7,500 - $8,400 = $7,500 Fees Earned = $2,000 + $8,400 = $10,400 Under the second method (and using entries from b): Unearned Fees = $7,500 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 133
  • 16. Fees Earned = $2,000 + $8,400 + $7,500 - $7,500 = $10,400 [Note: Both procedures yield identical results in the financial statements.] ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition134
  • 17. PROBLEM SET A Problem 3-1A (15 minutes) 1. G. 4. B. 7. H. 10. D. 2. E. 5. G. 8. E. 11. A. 3. I. 6. C. 9. F. 12. D. Problem 3-2A (35 minutes) Part 1 Adjustment (a) Dec.31 Office Supplies Expense......................... 12,760 Office Supplies................................. 12,760 To record cost of supplies used ($3,000 + $12,400 - $2,640). Adjustment (b) 31 Insurance Expense.................................. 12,312 Prepaid Insurance............................ 12,312 To record annual insurance coverage cost. Policy Cost per Month Months Active in 2005 2005 Cost A $660 ($15,840/24 mo.) 12 $ 7,920 B 363 ($13,068/36 mo.) 9 3,267 C 225 ($ 2,700 /12 mo.) 5 1,125 Total $12,312 Adjustment (c) 31 Salaries Expense (2 days x $2,100)........ 4,200 Salaries Payable............................... 4,200 To record accrued but unpaid wages. Adjustment (d) 31 Depreciation Expense—Building........... 27,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Building 27,000 To record annual depreciation expense [($855,000 -$45,000) / 30 years = $27,000] ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 135
  • 18. Problem 3-2A (Continued) Adjustment (e) Dec.31 Rent Receivable....................................... 2,400 Rent Earned...................................... 2,400 To record earned but unpaid Dec. rent. Adjustment (f) 31 Unearned Rent......................................... 4,350 Rent Earned...................................... 4,350 To record the amount of rent earned for November and December (2 x $2,175). Part 2 Cash Payment for (c) Jan. 6 Salaries Payable...................................... 4,200 Salaries Expense*.................................... 6,300 Cash................................................... 10,500 To record payment of accrued and current salaries. *(3 days x $2,100) Cash Payment for (e) 15 Cash.......................................................... 4,800 Rent Receivable................................ 2,400 Rent Earned...................................... 2,400 To record past due rent for two months. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition136
  • 19. Problem 3-3A (90 minutes) Parts 1 and 2 Cash Equipment Unadj. Bal. 26,000 Unadj. Bal. 70,000 Accounts Receivable Accumulated Depreciation— Equipment Unadj. Bal. 0 Unadj. Bal. 16,000 (f) 7,500 (c) 12,000 Adj. Bal. 7,500 Adj. Bal. 28,000 Teaching Supplies Accounts Payable Unadj. Bal. 10,000 Bal. 36,000 (b) 7,400 Adj. Bal. 2,600 Salaries Payable Unadj. Bal. 0 Prepaid Insurance (g) 400 Unadj. Bal. 15,000 Adj. Bal. 400 (a) 3,000 Adj. Bal. 12,000 Unearned Training Fees Unadj. Bal. 11,000 Prepaid Rent (e) 4,400 Unadj. Bal. 2,000 Adj. Bal. 6,600 (h) 2,000 Adj. Bal. 0 T. Watson, Capital Bal. 63,600 Professional Library Bal. 30,000 T. Watson, Withdrawals Bal. 40,000 Accumulated Depreciation— Professional Library Unadj. Bal. 9,000 (d) 6,000 Adj. Bal. 15,000 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 137
  • 20. Problem 3-3A (Continued) Tuition Fees Earned Rent Expense Unadj. Bal. 102,000 Unadj. Bal. 22,000 (f) 7,500 (h) 2,000 Adj. Bal. 109,500 Adj. Bal. 24,000 Training Fees Earned Teaching Supplies Expense Unadj. Bal. 38,000 Unadj. Bal. 0 (e) 4,400 (b) 7,400 Adj. Bal. 42,400 Adj. Bal. 7,400 Depreciation Expense— Professional Library Advertising Expense Unadj. Bal. 0 Bal. 7,000 (d) 6,000 Adj. Bal. 6,000 Depreciation Expense— Equipment Utilities Expense Unadj. Bal. 0 Bal. 5,600 (c) 12,000 Adj. Bal. 12,000 Salaries Expense Unadj. Bal. 48,000 (g) 400 Adj. Bal. 48,400 Insurance Expense Unadj. Bal. 0 (a) 3,000 Adj. Bal. 3,000 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition138
  • 21. Problem 3-3A (Continued) Part 2 Adjustment (a) Dec. 31 Insurance Expense......................................... 3,000 Prepaid Insurance..................................... 3,000 To record the insurance expired. Adjustment (b) 31 Teaching Supplies Expense.......................... 7,400 Teaching Supplies.................................... 7,400 To record supplies used ($10,000-$2,600). Adjustment (c) 31 Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............. 12,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment...... 12,000 To record equipment depreciation. Adjustment (d) 31 Depreciation Expense—Profess. Library..... 6,000 Accumul. Depreciation—Profess. Library... 6,000 To record professional library depreciation. Adjustment (e) 31 Unearned Training Fees................................. 4,400 Training Fees Earned............................... 4,400 To record training fees earned that were collected in advance. Adjustment (f) 31 Accounts Receivable...................................... 7,500 Tuition Fees Earned................................. 7,500 To record tuition earned ($3,000 x 2 1/2 months). Adjustment (g) 31 Salaries Expense............................................ 400 Salaries Payable....................................... 400 To record accrued salaries (2 days x $100 x 2). Adjustment (h) 31 Rent Expense.................................................. 2,000 Prepaid Rent.............................................. 2,000 To record expiration of prepaid rent. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 139
  • 22. Problem 3-3A (Continued) Part 3 Watson Technical Institute Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Debit Credit Cash......................................................................... $ 26,000 Accounts receivable.............................................. 7,500 Teaching supplies ................................................. 2,600 Prepaid insurance.................................................. 12,000 Prepaid rent............................................................ 0 Professional library................................................ 30,000 Accumulated depreciation—Professional library. . $ 15,000 Equipment............................................................... 70,000 Accumulated depreciation—Equipment.............. 28,000 Accounts payable................................................... 36,000 Salaries payable..................................................... 400 Unearned training fees.......................................... 6,600 T. Watson, Capital.................................................. 63,600 T. Watson, Withdrawals......................................... 40,000 Tuition fees earned................................................ 109,500 Training fees earned.............................................. 42,400 Depreciation expense—Professional library....... 6,000 Depreciation expense—Equipment...................... 12,000 Salaries expense ................................................... 48,400 Insurance expense................................................. 3,000 Rent expense.......................................................... 24,000 Teaching supplies expense................................... 7,400 Advertising expense.............................................. 7,000 Utilities expense..................................................... 5,600 _______ Totals....................................................................... $301,500 $301,500 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition140
  • 23. Problem 3-3A (Continued) Part 4 WATSON TECHNICAL INSTITUTE Income Statement For Year Ended December 31, 2005 Revenues Tuition fees earned............................................ $109,500 Training fees earned.......................................... 42,400 Total revenues.................................................... $151,900 Expenses Depreciation expense—Professional library... 6,000 Depreciation expense—Equipment.................. 12,000 Salaries expense................................................ 48,400 Insurance expense............................................. 3,000 Rent expense...................................................... 24,000 Teaching supplies expense............................... 7,400 Advertising expense.......................................... 7,000 Utilities expense................................................. 5,600 Total expenses................................................... 113,400 Net income............................................................ $ 38,500 WATSON TECHNICAL INSTITUTE Statement of Owner’s Equity For Year Ended December 31, 2005 T. Watson, Capital, December 31, 2004.............. $ 63,600 Plus: Net income.................................................. 38,500 102,100 Less: Owner withdrawals.................................... 40,000 T. Watson, Capital, December 31, 2005.............. $ 62,100 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 141
  • 24. Problem 3-3A (Concluded) WATSON TECHNICAL INSTITUTE Balance Sheet December 31, 2005 Assets Cash................................................................................. $ 26,000 Accounts receivable...................................................... 7,500 Teaching supplies.......................................................... 2,600 Prepaid insurance.......................................................... 12,000 Professional library........................................................ $30,000 Accumulated depreciation—Professional library....... (15,000) 15,000 Equipment....................................................................... 70,000 Accumulated depreciation—Equipment...................... (28,000) 42,000 Total assets..................................................................... $105,100 Liabilities Accounts payable........................................................... $ 36,000 Salaries payable............................................................. 400 Unearned training fees.................................................. 6,600 Total liabilities................................................................ 43,000 Equity T. Watson, Capital.......................................................... 62,100 Total liabilities and equity............................................. $105,100 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition142
  • 25. Problem 3-4A (45 minutes) — Part 1 Account Unadjusted TrialBalance Adjustments Adjusted TrialBalance Cash............................... $27,000 $27,000 Accountsreceivable.......... 12,000 (a ) 10,460 22,460 Officesupplies.................. 18,000 (b ) 15,000 3,000 Prepaidinsurance............. 7,320 (c) 2,440 4,880 Officeequipment............... 92,000 92,000 Accumulateddepreciation —Officeequipment.......... $12,000 (d ) 6,000 $18,000 Accountspayable............. 9,300 (e) 900 10,200 Interestpayable................. (f) 800 800 Salariespayable................ (g ) 6,600 6,600 Unearnedconsultingfees... 16,000 (h) 1,700 14,300 Long-termnotespayable.... 44,000 44,000 J.Winner,Capital.............. 28,420 28,420 J.Winner,Withdrawals....... 10,000 10,000 Consultingfees earned........................... 156,000 (a) (h ) 10,460 1,700 168,160 Depreciationexpense— Officeequipment............. (d) 6,000 6,000 Salariesexpense............... 71,000 (g) 6,600 77,600 Interestexpense................ 1,400 (f) 800 2,200 Insuranceexpense............ (c ) 2,440 2,440 Rentexpense................... 13,200 13,200 Officesuppliesexpense..... (b) 15,000 15,000 Advertisingexpense.......... 13,800 _______ (e ) 90 0 ______ 14,700 _______ Totals.............................. $265,720 $265,720 $43,900 $43,90 0 $290,480 $290,480 Adjustment description: (a) Earned but uncollected revenues. (b) Cost of consumed office supplies. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 143
  • 26. (c) Cost of expired insurance coverage. (d) Depreciation expense on office equipment. (e) Incurred but unpaid advertising expense. (f) Incurred but unpaid interest expense. (g) Incurred but unpaid salaries expense. (h) Earned revenues previously received in advance. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition144
  • 27. Problem 3-4A Part 2 JJW COMPANY Income Statement For Year Ended July 31, 2005 Revenues Consulting fees earned ................................ $168,160 Expenses Depreciation expense—Office equipment. . $ 6,000 Salaries expense .......................................... 77,600 Interest expense ........................................... 2,200 Insurance expense ....................................... 2,440 Rent expense ................................................ 13,200 Office supplies expense .............................. 15,000 Advertising expense .................................... 14,700 Total expenses.............................................. 131,140 Net income....................................................... $ 37,020 JJW COMPANY Statement of Owner’s Equity For Year Ended July 31, 2005 J. Winner, Capital, July 31, 2004.................... $28,420 Plus: Net income............................................. 37,020 65,440 Less: Owner withdrawals............................... 10,000 J. Winner, Capital, July 31, 2005.................... $55,440 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 145
  • 28. Problem 3-4A (Concluded) Part 2 JJW COMPANY Balance Sheet July 31, 2005 Assets Cash............................................................................ $ 27,000 Accounts receivable.................................................. 22,460 Office supplies........................................................... 3,000 Prepaid insurance...................................................... 4,880 Office equipment........................................................ $92,000 Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment....... (18,000) 74,000 Total assets................................................................ $131,340 Liabilities Accounts payable...................................................... $ 10,200 Interest payable.......................................................... 800 Salaries payable......................................................... 6,600 Unearned consulting fees......................................... 14,300 Long-term notes payable.......................................... 44,000 Total liabilities............................................................ 75,900 Equity J. Winner, Capital....................................................... 55,440 Total liabilities and equity......................................... $131,340 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition146
  • 29. Problem 3-5A (50 minutes) Part 1 CALLAHAY COMPANY Income Statement For Year Ended December 31, 2005 Revenues Fees earned.............................................. $420,000 Interest earned.......................................... 16,000 Total revenues.......................................... $436,000 Expenses Depreciation expense—Automobiles..... 18,000 Depreciation expense—Equipment........ 10,000 Salaries expense...................................... 180,000 Wages expense........................................ 32,000 Interest expense....................................... 24,000 Office supplies expense.......................... 26,000 Advertising expense................................ 50,000 Repairs expense—Automobiles............. 16,800 Total expenses......................................... 356,800 Net income.................................................. $ 79,200 CALLAHAY COMPANY Statement of Owner's Equity For Year Ended December 31, 2005 J. Callahay, Capital, December 31, 2004. . $247,800 Plus: Net income....................................... 79,200 327,000 Less: Withdrawals by owner.................... 38,000 J. Callahay, Capital, December 31, 2005. . $289,000 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 147
  • 30. Problem 3-5A (Concluded) CALLAHAY COMPANY Balance Sheet December 31, 2005 Assets Cash........................................................................ $ 22,000 Accounts receivable............................................. 44,000 Interest receivable................................................. 10,000 Notes receivable (due in 90 days)....................... 160,000 Office supplies...................................................... 8,000 Automobiles.......................................................... $160,000 Accumulated depreciation—Automobiles.......... (42,000) 118,000 Equipment.............................................................. 130,000 Accumulated depreciation—Equipment............. (10,000) 120,000 Land........................................................................ 70,000 Total assets........................................................... $552,000 Liabilities Accounts payable................................................. $ 88,000 Interest payable..................................................... 12,000 Salaries payable.................................................... 11,000 Unearned fees....................................................... 22,000 Long-term notes payable..................................... 130,000 Total liabilities....................................................... 263,000 Equity J. Callahay, Capital............................................... 289,000 Total liabilities and equity.................................... $552,000 Part 2 Profit margin = $79,200 / $436,000 = 18.2% ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition148
  • 31. Problem 3-6AA (40 minutes) Part 1 Assume prepaid expenses are recorded as assets and unearned revenues as liabilities. Nov. 1 Prepaid Advertising ....................................... 1,500 Cash.......................................................... 1,500 Paid for future advertising. 1 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 2,160 Cash.......................................................... 2,160 Paid insurance for one year. 30 Cash.................................................................. 3,300 Unearned Service Fees........................... 3,300 Received fees in advance. Dec. 1 Prepaid Consulting Fees ............................... 2,700 Cash.......................................................... 2,700 Paid for future consulting. 15 Cash.................................................................. 7,650 Unearned Service Fees........................... 7,650 Received fees in advance. 31 Advertising Expense....................................... 600 Prepaid Advertising ................................ 600 To adjust prepaid advertising ($1,500-$900). 31 Insurance Expense.......................................... 360 Prepaid Insurance.................................... 360 To adjust prepaid insurance ($2,160 x 2/12). 31 Unearned Service Fees .................................. 2,100 Service Fees Earned................................ 2,100 To adjust unearned service fees ($3,300-$1,200). 31 Consulting Fees Expense .............................. 900 Prepaid Consulting Fees......................... 900 To adjust prepaid consulting fees ($2,700 x 1/3). 31 Unearned Service Fees .................................. 3,000 Service Fees Earned................................ 3,000 To adjust unearned service fees. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 149
  • 32. Problem 3-6AA (Continued) Part 2 Assume prepaid expenses are recorded as expenses and unearned revenues as revenues. Nov. 1 Advertising Expense....................................... 1,500 Cash.......................................................... 1,500 Paid for future advertising. 1 Insurance Expense.......................................... 2,160 Cash.......................................................... 2,160 Paid insurance for one year. 30 Cash.................................................................. 3,300 Service Fees Earned................................ 3,300 Received fees in advance. Dec. 1 Consulting Fees Expense............................... 2,700 Cash.......................................................... 2,700 Paid for future consulting. 15 Cash.................................................................. 7,650 Service Fees Earned................................ 7,650 Received fees in advance. 31 Prepaid Advertising........................................ 900 Advertising Expense............................... 900 To adjust for prepaid advertising. 31 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 1,800 Insurance Expense.................................. 1,800 To adjust for prepaid insurance. 31 Service Fees Earned....................................... 1,200 Unearned Service Fees........................... 1,200 To adjust for unearned service fees. 31 Prepaid Consulting Fees................................ 1,800 Consulting Fees Expense....................... 1,800 To adjust for prepaid consulting fees. 31 Service Fees Earned....................................... 4,650 Unearned Service Fees........................... 4,650 To adjust for unearned service fees. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition150
  • 33. Problem 3-6AA (Concluded) Part 3 There are no differences between the two methods in terms of the amounts that appear on the financial statements. In both cases, the financial statements reflect the following: Advertising expense for two months................................... $ 600 Prepaid advertising as of December 31............................... 900 Insurance expense for two months..................................... 360 Prepaid insurance as of December 31................................. 1,800 Consulting fees expense (1/3 of total paid)......................... 900 Prepaid consulting fees........................................................ 1,800 Service fees earned for two months ($2,100 + $3,000)...... 5,100 Unearned service fees at 12/31 ($1,200 + $4,650)............... 5,850 When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in balance sheet accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to generate the correct asset, expense, liability, and revenue account balances. When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in income statement accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to accomplish exactly the same result. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 151
  • 34. PROBLEM SET B Problem 3-1B (15 minutes) 1. E. 4. C. 7. F. 10. I. 2. H. 5. D. 8. I. 11. A. 3. G. 6. B. 9. F. 12. B. Problem 3-2B (30 minutes) Part 1 Adjustment (a) Oct. 31 Office Supplies Expense........................................ 3,450 Office Supplies................................................ 3,450 To record cost of supplies used ($500 + $3,650 - $700). Adjustment (b) 31 Insurance Expense................................................. 2,365 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 2,365 To record annual insurance coverage cost. Policy Cost per Month Months Active in 2005 2005 Expense A $125 ($3,000/24 mo.) 12 $1,500 B 100 ($3,600/36 mo.) 7 700 C 55 ( $660 / 12 mo.) 3 165 Total $2,365 Adjustment (c) 31 Salaries Expense.................................................... 800 Salaries Payable.............................................. 800 To record accrued but unpaid wages (1 day x $800). Adjustment (d) 31 Depreciation Expense—Building.......................... 5,400 Accumulated Depreciation—Building........... 5,400 To record annual depreciation [($155,000-$20,000) / 25 years = $5,400]. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition152
  • 35. Problem 3-2B (Concluded) Adjustment (e) Oct. 31 Rent Receivable...................................................... 600 Rent Earned..................................................... 600 To record earned but unpaid Oct. rent. Adjustment (f) 31 Unearned Rent........................................................ 1,050 Rent Earned..................................................... 1,050 To record rent earned for September and October (2 x $525). Part 2 Cash Payment for (c) Nov. 7 Salaries Payable..................................................... 800 Salaries Expense*................................................... 3,200 Cash.................................................................. 4,000 To record payment of accrued and current salaries. *(4 days x $800) Cash Payment for (e) 15 Cash......................................................................... 1,200 Rent Receivable............................................... 600 Rent Earned..................................................... 600 To record past due rent for two months. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 153
  • 36. Problem 3-3B (90 minutes) Parts 1 and 2 Cash Accounts Payable Bal. 50,000 Bal. 12,200 Accounts Receivable Salaries Payable Unadj. Bal. 0 Unadj. Bal. 0 (f) 5,500 (g) 540 Adj. Bal. 5,500 Adj. Bal. 540 Teaching Supplies Unearned Training Fees Unadj. Bal. 60,000 Unadj. Bal. 27,600 (b) 57,500 (e) 9,200 Adj. Bal. 2,500 Adj. Bal. 18,400 Prepaid Insurance M. Alcorn, Capital Unadj. Bal. 18,000 Bal. 68,500 (a) 6,400 Adj. Bal. 11,600 M. Alcorn, Withdrawals Prepaid Rent Bal. 20,000 Unadj. Bal. 2,600 (h) 2,600 Adj. Bal. 0 Professional Library Bal. 10,000 Accumulated Depreciation— Professional Library Unadj. Bal. 1,500 (d) 2,000 Adj. Bal. 3,500 Equipment Bal. 30,000 Accumulated Depreciation— Equipment Unadj. Bal. 16,000 (c) 4,000 Adj. Bal. 20,000 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition154
  • 37. Problem 3-3B (Continued) Parts 1 and 2 Tuition Fees Earned Advertising Expense Unadj. Bal. 105,000 Bal. 18,000 (f) 5,500 Adj. Bal. 110,500 Training Fees Earned Utilities Expense Unadj. Bal. 62,000 Bal. 12,400 (e) 9,200 Adj. Bal. 71,200 Depreciation Expense— Professional Library Unadj. Bal. 0 (d) 2,000 Adj. Bal. 2,000 Depreciation Expense— Equipment Unadj. Bal. 0 (c) 4,000 Adj. Bal. 4,000 Salaries Expense Unadj. Bal. 43,200 (g) 540 Adj. Bal. 43,740 Insurance Expense Unadj. Bal. 0 (a) 6,400 Adj. Bal. 6,400 Rent Expense Unadj. Bal. 28,600 (h) 2,600 Adj. Bal. 31,200 Teaching Supplies Expense Unadj. Bal. 0 (b) 57,500 Adj. Bal. 57,500 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 155
  • 38. Problem 3-3B (Continued) Part 2 Adjustment (a) Dec. 31 Insurance Expense................................................ 6,400 Prepaid Insurance.......................................... 6,400 To record the insurance expired. Adjustment (b) 31 Teaching Supplies Expense................................. 57,500 Teaching Supplies......................................... 57,500 To record the cost of supplies used ($60,000-$2,500). Adjustment (c) 31 Depreciation Expense—Equipment..................... 4,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment..... 4,000 To record equipment depreciation. Adjustment (d) 31 Depreciation Expense—Professional Library.... 2,000 Accumulated Depreciation— Professional Library............................. 2,000 To record professional library depreciation. Adjustment (e) 31 Unearned Training Fees........................................ 9,200 Training Fees Earned..................................... 9,200 To record training fees earned that were collected in advance. Adjustment (f) 31 Accounts Receivable............................................ 5,500 Tuition Fees Earned....................................... 5,500 To record tuition earned ($2,200 x 2 1/2 mo). Adjustment (g) 31 Salaries Expense................................................... 540 Salaries Payable............................................. 540 To accrue salaries expense (3 days x $180). Adjustment (h) 31 Rent Expense ........................................................ 2,600 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition156
  • 39. Prepaid Rent.............................................................. 2,600 To record expiration of prepaid rent. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 157
  • 40. Problem 3-3B (Continued) Part 3 ALCORN INSTITUTE Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Debit Credit Cash............................................................................ $ 50,000 Accounts receivable.................................................... 5,500 Teaching supplies....................................................... 2,500 Prepaid insurance....................................................... 11,600 Prepaid rent................................................................. 0 Professional library..................................................... 10,000 Accumulated depreciation—Professional library........ $ 3,500 Equipment................................................................... 30,000 Accumulated depreciation—Equipment..................... 20,000 Accounts payable....................................................... 12,200 Salaries payable.......................................................... 540 Unearned training fees................................................ 18,400 M. Alcorn, Capital........................................................ 68,500 M. Alcorn, Withdrawals............................................... 20,000 Tuition fees earned...................................................... 110,500 Training fees earned.................................................... 71,200 Depreciation expense—Professional library............... 2,000 Depreciation expense—Equipment............................. 4,000 Salaries expense......................................................... 43,740 Insurance expense...................................................... 6,400 Rent expense.............................................................. 31,200 Teaching supplies expense......................................... 57,500 Advertising expense................................................... 18,000 Utilities expense.......................................................... 12,400 _______ Totals.......................................................................... $304,840 $304,840 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition158
  • 41. Problem 3-3B (Continued) Part 4 ALCORN INSTITUTE Income Statement For Year Ended December 31, 2005 Revenues Tuition fees earned.................................................... $110,500 Training fees earned.................................................. 71,200 Total revenues............................................................ $181,700 Expenses Depreciation expense—Professional library.......... 2,000 Depreciation expense—Equipment......................... 4,000 Salaries expense........................................................ 43,740 Insurance expense.................................................... 6,400 Rent expense.............................................................. 31,200 Teaching supplies expense...................................... 57,500 Advertising expense.................................................. 18,000 Utilities expense......................................................... 12,400 Total expenses........................................................... 175,240 Net income.................................................................... $ 6,460 ALCORN INSTITUTE Statement of Owner’s Equity For Year Ended December 31, 2005 M. Alcorn, Capital, December 31, 2004.............. $68,500 Plus: Net income.................................................. 6,460 74,960 Less: Owner withdrawals.................................... 20,000 M. Alcorn, Capital, December 31, 2005.............. $54,960 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 159
  • 42. Problem 3-3B (Concluded) ALCORN INSTITUTE Balance Sheet December 31, 2005 Assets Cash.............................................................................. $50,000 Accounts receivable.................................................... 5,500 Teaching supplies....................................................... 2,500 Prepaid insurance........................................................ 11,600 Professional library..................................................... $10,000 Accumulated depreciation—Professional library........... (3,500) 6,500 Equipment.................................................................... 30,000 Accumulated depreciation—Equipment.................... (20,000) 10,000 Total assets.................................................................. $86,100 Liabilities Accounts payable........................................................ $12,200 Salaries payable........................................................... 540 Unearned training fees................................................ 18,400 Total liabilities.............................................................. 31,140 Equity M. Alcorn, Capital......................................................... 54,960 Total liabilities and equity........................................... $86,100 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition160
  • 43. Problem 3-4B (45 minutes) — Part 1 Account Unadjusted TrialBalance Adjustments Adjusted TrialBalance Cash............................... $48,000 $48,000 Accountsreceivable......... 70,000 (a) 6,660 76,660 Officesupplies................. 30,000 (b) 23,000 7,000 Prepaidinsurance............ 13,200 (c) 4,600 8,600 Officeequipment.............. 150,000 150,000 Accumulateddepreciation— Officeequipment................ $30,000 (d) 10,000 $40,000 Accountspayable............ 36,000 (e) 6,000 42,000 Interestpayable................ (f) 1,600 1,600 Salariespayable............... (g) 11,200 11,200 Unearnedconsultingfees. 30,000 (h) 12,200 17,800 Long-termnotespayable. . 80,000 80,000 D.Chen,Capital............... 70,200 70,200 D.Chen,Withdrawals....... 10,000 10,000 Consulting feesearned.... 264,000 (a) (h) 6,660 12,200 282,860 Depreciationexpense— Officeequipment........... (d) 10,000 10,000 Salariesexpense.............. 115,600 (g) 11,200 126,800 Interestexpense............... 6,400 (f) 1,600 8,000 Insurance expense.......... (c) 4,600 4,600 Rentexpense.................. 24,000 24,000 Officesuppliesexpense.... (b) 23,000 23,000 Advertisingexpense......... 43,000 _______ (e) 6,000 ______ 49,000 _______ Totals.............................. $510,200 $510,200 $75,260 $75,260 $545,660 $545,660 Adjustment Descriptions: (a) Earned but uncollected revenues. (b) Cost of consumed office supplies. (c) Cost of expired insurance coverage. (d) Depreciation expense on office equipment. (e) Incurred but unpaid advertising expense. (f) Incurred but unpaid interest expense. (g) Incurred but unpaid salaries expense. (h) Earned revenues previously received in advance. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 161
  • 44. Problem 3-4B Part 2 DAXU CONSULTING COMPANY Income Statement For Year Ended December 31, 2005 Revenues Consulting fees earned ..................................... $282,860 Expenses Depreciation expense—Office equipment....... $ 10,000 Salaries expense ............................................... 126,800 Interest expense ................................................ 8,000 Insurance expense ............................................ 4,600 Rent expense ..................................................... 24,000 Office supplies expense ................................... 23,000 Advertising expense ......................................... 49,000 Total expenses................................................... 245,400 Net income............................................................ $ 37,460 DAXU CONSULTING COMPANY Statement of Owner’s Equity For Year Ended December 31, 2005 D. Chen, Capital, December 31, 2004................. $ 70,200 Plus: Net income.................................................. 37,460 107,660 Less: Owner withdrawals.................................... 10,000 D. Chen, Capital, December 31, 2005................. $ 97,660 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition162
  • 45. Problem 3-4B (Concluded) Part 2 DAXU CONSULTING COMPANY Balance Sheet December 31, 2005 Assets Cash............................................................................. $ 48,000 Accounts receivable................................................... 76,660 Office supplies............................................................ 7,000 Prepaid insurance....................................................... 8,600 Office equipment......................................................... $150,000 Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment........ (40,000) 110,000 Total assets................................................................. $250,260 Liabilities Accounts payable....................................................... $ 42,000 Interest payable........................................................... 1,600 Salaries payable.......................................................... 11,200 Unearned consulting fees.......................................... 17,800 Long-term notes payable........................................... 80,000 Total liabilities............................................................. 152,600 Equity D. Chen, Capital.......................................................... 97,660 Total liabilities and equity.......................................... $250,260 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 163
  • 46. Problem 3-5B (50 minutes) Part 1 LIGHTNING COURIER Income Statement For Year Ended December 31, 2005 Revenues Delivery fees earned..................................... $580,000 Interest earned............................................... 24,000 Total revenues............................................... $604,000 Expenses Depreciation expense—Trucks.................... 24,000 Depreciation expense—Equipment............. 46,000 Salaries expense........................................... 64,000 Wages expense............................................. 290,000 Interest expense............................................ 25,000 Office supplies expense............................... 33,000 Advertising expense..................................... 26,400 Repairs expense—Trucks............................ 34,600 Total expenses.............................................. 543,000 Net income....................................................... $ 61,000 LIGHTNING COURIER Statement of Owner's Equity For Year Ended December 31, 2005 J. Hallam, Capital, December 31, 2004.......... $115,000 Plus : Net income........................................... 61,000 176,000 Less: Withdrawals by owner......................... 40,000 J. Hallam, Capital, December 31, 2005.......... $136,000 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition164
  • 47. Problem 3-5B (Concluded) LIGHTNING COURIER Balance Sheet December 31, 2005 Assets Cash...................................................................... $ 48,000 Accounts receivable........................................... 110,000 Interest receivable............................................... 6,000 Notes receivable (due in 90 days)........................ 200,000 Office supplies.................................................... 12,000 Trucks................................................................... $ 124,000 Accumulated depreciation—Trucks.................. (48,000) 76,000 Equipment............................................................ 260,000 Accumulated depreciation—Equipment........... (190,000) 70,000 Land...................................................................... 90,000 Total assets......................................................... $612,000 Liabilities Accounts payable............................................... $124,000 Interest payable................................................... 22,000 Salaries payable.................................................. 30,000 Unearned delivery fees....................................... 110,000 Long-term notes payable................................... 190,000 Total liabilities..................................................... 476,000 Equity J. Hallam, Capital................................................ 136,000 Total liabilities and equity.................................. $612,000 Part 2 Profit margin = $61,000 / $604,000 = 10.1% ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 165
  • 48. Problem 3-6BA (40 minutes) Part 1 Method that records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in balance sheet accounts: Apr. 1 Prepaid Consulting Fees..................................... 3,450 Cash............................................................... 3,450 Paid for future consulting services. 1 Prepaid Insurance................................................ 2,700 Cash............................................................... 2,700 Paid insurance for one year. 30 Cash....................................................................... 7,500 Unearned Service Fees................................ 7,500 Received fees in advance. May 1 Prepaid Advertising............................................. 3,450 Cash............................................................... 3,450 Paid for future advertising. 23 Cash ..................................................................... 9,450 Unearned Service Fees............................... 9,450 Received fees in advance. 31 Consulting Fees Expense.................................... 1,500 Prepaid Consulting Fees.............................. 1,500 To adjust prepaid consulting fees. 31 Insurance Expense............................................... 450 Prepaid Insurance......................................... 450 To adjust prepaid insurance. 31 Unearned Service Fees ....................................... 3,900 Service Fees Earned..................................... 3,900 To adjust unearned service fees. 31 Advertising Expense............................................ 2,400 Prepaid Advertising...................................... 2,400 To adjust prepaid advertising. 31 Unearned Service Fees........................................ 4,500 Service Fees Earned..................................... 4,500 To adjust unearned service fees. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition166
  • 49. Problem 3-6BA (Continued) Part 2 Method that records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in income statement accounts: Apr. 1 Consulting Fees Expense ................................. 3,450 Cash.............................................................. 3,450 Paid for future consulting services. 1 Insurance Expense............................................. 2,700 Cash.............................................................. 2,700 Paid insurance for one year. 30 Cash..................................................................... 7,500 Service Fees Earned................................... 7,500 Received fees in advance. May 1 Advertising Expense........................................... 3,450 Cash.............................................................. 3,450 Paid for future advertising. 23 Cash..................................................................... 9,450 Service Fees Earned................................... 9,450 Received fees in advance. 31 Prepaid Consulting Fees.................................... 1,950 Consulting Fees Expense........................... 1,950 To adjust for prepaid consulting fees. 31 Prepaid Insurance .............................................. 2,250 Insurance Expense...................................... 2,250 To adjust for prepaid insurance. 31 Service Fees Earned........................................... 3,600 Unearned Service Fees .............................. 3,600 To adjust for unearned service fees. 31 Prepaid Advertising............................................ 1,050 Advertising Expense................................... 1,050 To adjust for prepaid advertising. 31 Service Fees Earned........................................... 4,950 Unearned Service Fees .............................. 4,950 To adjust for unearned service fees. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 167
  • 50. Problem 3-6BA (Concluded) Part 3 There are no differences between the two methods in terms of the amounts that appear on the financial statements. In both cases, the financial statements reflect the following: Prepaid consulting fees as of May 31....................................$ 1,950 Consulting fees expense for two months.............................. 1,500 Insurance expense for two months........................................ 450 Prepaid insurance as of May 31.............................................. 2,250 Unearned service fees as of May 31 ($3,600 + $4,950)......... 8,550 Service fees earned for two months ($3,900 + $4,500)......... 8,400 Prepaid advertising as of May 31............................................ 1,050 Advertising expense for two months..................................... 2,400 When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in balance sheet accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to generate the correct asset, expense, liability, and revenue account balances. When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in income statement accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to accomplish exactly the same result. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition168
  • 51. Serial Problem Serial Problem, Success Systems (120 minutes) Part 1 Journal entries: Dec. 2 Advertising Expense..................................655 1,025 Cash.....................................................101 1,025 Paid share of mall advertising costs. 3 Repairs Expense—Computer....................684 500 Cash.....................................................101 500 Repaired the computer. 4 Cash.............................................................101 3,950 Accounts Receivable..........................106 3,950 Collected accounts receivable. 10 Wages Expense..........................................623 750 Cash.....................................................101 750 Paid employee for part-time work. 14 Cash.............................................................101 1,500 Unearned Computer Services Revenue...236 1,500 Received advance on work to be performed. 15 Computer Supplies....................................126 1,100 Accounts Payable...............................201 1,100 Purchased supplies on credit. 16 No entry recorded in the journal. 20 Cash.............................................................101 5,625 Computer Services Revenue.............403 5,625 Collected cash revenue from customer. 28 Cash.............................................................101 3,000 Accounts Receivable..........................106 3,000 Collected accounts receivable. 29 Mileage Expense........................................676 192 Cash.....................................................101 192 Reimbursed Breeze for mileage. 31 K. Breeze, Withdrawals..............................302 1,500 Cash.....................................................101 1,500 Owner withdraws cash. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 169
  • 52. Serial Problem (Continued) Part 2 Adjusting entries: Dec. 31 Computer Supplies Expense .........................652 3,065 Computer Supplies .................................126 3,065 Adjustment for supplies used (supplies balance less cost of supplies available). 31 Insurance Expense .........................................637 555 Prepaid Insurance ...................................128 555 Adjustment for expired insurance (1/4 of original prepaid amount). 31 Wages Expense ..............................................623 500 Wages Payable ........................................210 500 Adjustment for accrued wages. 31 Depreciation Exp—Computer Equip.............613 1,250 Accumulated Depreciation— Computer Equipment...........................168 1,250 Adjustment for computer equipment depreciation: Cost......................................................... $20,000 Predicted life........................................... 4 years Annual depreciation (cost/life).............. $5,000 Expense for three months..................... $1,250 31 Depreciation Expense—Office Equip............612 400 Accumulated Depreciation— Office Equipment ..................................164 400 Adjustment for office equipment depreciation: Cost.......................................................... $8,000 Predicted life............................................ 5 years Annual depreciation (cost/life)............... $1,600 Expense for three months....................... $400 31 Rent Expense ..................................................640 2,475 Prepaid Rent ............................................131 2,475 Adjustment for expired rent (3/4 of original prepaid amount). ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition170
  • 53. Serial Problem (Continued) Parts 1 and 2 Posting to the accounts: Cash Acct. No. 101 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 1 55,000 55,000 2 3,300 51,700 5 2,220 49,480 8 1,420 48,060 15 4,800 52,860 17 805 52,055 20 1,940 50,115 22 1,400 51,515 31 875 50,640 31 3,600 47,040 Nov. 1 320 46,720 2 4,633 51,353 5 1,125 50,228 18 2,208 52,436 22 250 52,186 28 384 51,802 30 1,750 50,052 30 2,000 48,052 Dec. 2 1,025 47,027 3 500 46,527 4 3,950 50,477 10 750 49,727 14 1,500 51,227 20 5,625 56,852 28 3,000 59,852 29 192 59,660 31 1,500 58,160 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 171
  • 54. Serial Problem (Continued) Parts 1 and 2 Accounts Receivable Acct. No. 106 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 6 4,800 4,800 12 1,400 6,200 15 4,800 1,400 22 1,400 0 28 5,208 5,208 Nov. 8 5,668 10,876 18 2,208 8,668 24 3,950 12,618 Dec. 4 3,950 8,668 28 3,000 5,668 Computer Supplies Acct. No. 126 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 3 1,420 1,420 Nov. 5 1,125 2,545 Dec. 15 1,100 3,645 31 3,065 580 Prepaid Insurance Acct. No. 128 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 5 2,220 2,220 Dec. 31 555 1,665 Prepaid Rent Acct. No. 131 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 2 3,300 3,300 Dec. 31 2,475 825 Office Equipment Acct. No. 163 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 1 8,000 8,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Office Equipment Acct. No. 164 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 400 400 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition172
  • 55. Serial Problem (Continued) Parts 1 and 2 Computer Equipment Acct. No. 167 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 1 20,000 20,000 Accumulated Depreciation—Computer Equipment Acct. No. 168 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 1,250 1,250 Accounts Payable Acct. No. 201 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 3 1,420 1,420 8 1,420 0 Dec. 15 1,100 1,100 Wages Payable Acct. No. 210 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 500 500 Unearned Computer Services Revenue Acct. No. 236 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 14 1,500 1,500 K. Breeze, Capital Acct. No. 301 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 1 83,000 83,000 K. Breeze, Withdrawals Acct. No. 302 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 31 3,600 3,600 Nov. 30 2,000 5,600 Dec. 31 1,500 7,100 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 173
  • 56. Serial Problem (Continued) Parts 1 and 2 Computer Services Revenue Acct. No. 403 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 6 4,800 4,800 12 1,400 6,200 28 5,208 11,408 Nov. 2 4,633 16,041 8 5,668 21,709 24 3,950 25,659 Dec. 20 5,625 31,284 Depreciation Expense—Office Equipment Acct. No. 612 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 400 400 Depreciation Expense—Computer Equipment Acct. No. 613 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 1,250 1,250 Wages Expense Acct. No. 623 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 31 875 875 Nov. 30 1,750 2,625 Dec. 10 750 3,375 31 500 3,875 Insurance Expense Acct. No. 637 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 555 555 Rent Expense Acct. No. 640 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 2,475 2,475 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition174
  • 57. Serial Problem (Continued) Parts 1 and 2 Computer Supplies Expense Acct. No. 652 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Dec. 31 3,065 3,065 Advertising Expense Acct. No. 655 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 20 1,940 1,940 Dec. 2 1,025 2,965 Mileage Expense Acct. No. 676 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Nov. 1 320 320 28 384 704 Dec. 29 192 896 Miscellaneous Expenses Acct. No. 677 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Nov. 22 250 250 Repairs Expense—Computer Acct. No. 684 Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance Oct. 17 805 805 Dec. 3 500 1,305 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 175
  • 58. Serial Problem (Continued) Part 3 SUCCESS SYSTEMS Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2004 Debit Credit Cash ............................................................................ $ 58,160 Accounts receivable .................................................. 5,668 Computer supplies .................................................... 580 Prepaid insurance ..................................................... 1,665 Prepaid rent ................................................................ 825 Office equipment ....................................................... 8,000 Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment....... $ 400 Computer equipment ................................................ 20,000 Accumulated depreciation—Computer equipment. 1,250 Accounts payable ...................................................... 1,100 Wages payable ........................................................... 500 Unearned computer services revenue .................... 1,500 K. Breeze, Capital....................................................... 83,000 K. Breeze, Withdrawals.............................................. 7,100 Computer services revenue ..................................... 31,284 Depreciation expense—Office equipment .............. 400 Depreciation expense—Computer equipment........ 1,250 Wages expense .......................................................... 3,875 Insurance expense .................................................... 555 Rent expense ............................................................. 2,475 Computer supplies expense .................................... 3,065 Advertising expense.................................................. 2,965 Mileage expense ........................................................ 896 Miscellaneous expenses .......................................... 250 Repairs expense—Computer ................................... 1,305 _______ Totals........................................................................... $119,034 $119,034 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition176
  • 59. Serial Problem (Continued) Part 4 SUCCESS SYSTEMS Income Statement For Three Months Ended December 31, 2004 Revenue Computer services revenue....................................... $31,284 Expenses Depreciation expense—Office equipment................ $ 400 Depreciation expense—Computer equipment......... 1,250 Wages expense........................................................... 3,875 Insurance expense...................................................... 555 Rent expense............................................................... 2,475 Computer supplies expense...................................... 3,065 Advertising expense................................................... 2,965 Mileage expense......................................................... 896 Miscellaneous expenses............................................ 250 Repairs expense—Computer..................................... 1,305 Total expenses............................................................ 17,036 Net income..................................................................... $14,248 Part 5 SUCCESS SYSTEMS Statement of Owner’s Equity For Three Months Ended December 31, 2004 K. Breeze, Capital, October 1, 2004................. $ 0 Plus: Owner investment.......... 83,000 Net income.............................................. 14,248 97,248 Less: Owner withdrawals.................................. 7,100 K. Breeze, Capital, December 31, 2004............ $90,148 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 177
  • 60. Serial Problem (Continued) Part 6 SUCCESS SYSTEMS Balance Sheet December 31, 2004 Assets Cash ................................................................................ $58,160 Accounts receivable ..................................................... 5,668 Computer supplies ........................................................ 580 Prepaid insurance ......................................................... 1,665 Prepaid rent ................................................................... 825 Office equipment ........................................................... $ 8,000 Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment........... (400) 7,600 Computer equipment..................................................... 20,000 Accumulated depreciation—Computer equipment.... (1,250) 18,750 Total assets..................................................................... $93,248 Liabilities Accounts payable........................................................... $ 1,100 Wages payable............................................................... 500 Unearned computer services revenue......................... 1,500 Total liabilities................................................................ 3,100 Equity K. Breeze, Capital........................................................... 90,148 Total liabilities and equity............................................. $93,248 ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition178
  • 61. Reporting in Action — BTN 3-1 1. The revenue recognition principle requires that revenue be recorded when earned, not before and not after. Most companies earn revenue when they provide services and products to customers. 2. Krispy Kreme provides information related to revenue recognition in footnote 2 discussing the “Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.” A policy on revenue recognition is stated for each segment of the company. • Company Store operations revenue is derived from the sale of doughnuts and related items to on-premises and off-premises customers. Revenue is recognized at the time of sale for on-premises sales and at the time of delivery for off premises sales. • Franchise Operations revenue is derived from: (1) development and franchise fees from the opening of new stores; and (2) royalties charged to franchisees based on sales. Development and franchise fees are charged for certain new stores and are deferred until the store is opened. The royalties recognized in each period are based on the sales in that period. • KKM&D revenue is derived from the sale of doughnut-making equipment, mix and other supplies needed to operate a doughnut store to Company-owned and franchised stores. Revenue is recognized at the time the title and risk of loss pass to the customer, generally upon delivery of the goods. 3. For fiscal year-end February 2, 2003, the profit margin is: $33,478,000 / $491,549,000 = 0.068 = 6.8% For fiscal year-end February 3, 2002, the profit margin is: $26,378,000 / $394,354,000 = 0.067 = 6.7% 4. Solution depends on the financial statements accessed. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 179
  • 62. Comparative Analysis — BTN 3-2 1. Krispy Kreme Current year, profit margin = $33,478 / $491,549 = 6.8% Prior year, profit margin = $26,378 / $394,354 = 6.7% Tastykake Current year, profit margin = $2,000 / $162,263 = 1.2% Prior year, profit margin = $8,048 / $166,245 = 4.8% 2. Krispy Kreme is more successful on the basis of profit margin. In the most current year, Krispy Kreme earned an average of 6.8 cents on the dollar while Tastykake earned 1.2 cents on the dollar. For the prior years, Krispy Kreme earned 6.7 cents on the dollar compared to 4.8 cents for Tastykake. Ethics Challenge — BTN 3-3 1. GAAP requires that annual deprecation be accumulated in a contra- asset account, called Accumulated Depreciation. While property, plant, and equipment is often shown at its net value on the balance sheet (as in Krispy Kreme’s balance sheet in Appendix A) the cost of property, plant, and equipment along with its related accumulated depreciation are reported in the footnotes. Thus, Bergez is correct with her journal entry recommendation. 2. One strength of Welch’s method would be the ease of preparing the balance sheet. The property, plant, and equipment balance in the adjusted trial balance would be directly transferable to the balance sheet when the preparer desired to show the amount at net. Welch’s approach carries weaknesses in that financial statement users would not be able to ascertain the original cost of the equipment or be able to know how much of the original cost had been allocated to depreciation to date. 3. While both approaches would lead to the same total assets on the balance sheet, GAAP requires Bergez’s approach. As a professional, Bergez is required to uphold the standards of her profession and thus the decision is an ethical one for her. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition180
  • 63. Communicating in Practice — BTN 3-4 This communication activity has no set solution. A class discussion of the ratios can be conducted with emphasis on (1) return and profitability by industries and (2) a contrast of debt financing between industries. Taking It to the Net — BTN 3-5 1. Cannondale’s primarily sells mountain bikes. 2. Review 10-K. 3. Recent fiscal years have ended on June 29, 2002, June 30, 2001 and July 1, 2000. While Cannondale labels these endings as “12 months ended” they appear to be reporting as of the end of the 52nd week. 4. Net sales for the fiscal year ended June 29, 2002, is $156,655,000. 5. Net loss for the fiscal year ended June 29, 2002, is $15,440,000. 6. Profit margin is: $(15,440) / $156,655 = -0.099 = -9.8% (or non-interpretable) 7. Cannondale’s fiscal year-end appears to (but does not necessarily) correspond to its natural business year. The difficulty in reaching a definitive answer to this question is the lack of information in Cannondale’s statements. The quarterly sales data does reveal that the 3 months ending in June has reported the highest sales of the four quarters for the last two years reported. Management does discuss “seasonality” as a factor affecting business. The bottom line is Cannondale’s fiscal year-end appears to correspond to its natural business year, but we cannot be certain. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 181
  • 64. Teamwork in Action — BTN 3-6 Note that there is no specific solution to this activity. Nevertheless, the presentation of each expert team should reflect the following summary points: Before Adjusting Balance Sheet Income Statement Type Account Account Adjusting Entry Prepaid expense Asset overstated Expense understated Dr. Expense Cr. Asset* Unearned revenues Liability overstated Revenue understated Dr. Liability Cr. Revenue Accrued Expenses Liability understated Expense understated Dr. Expense Cr. Liability Accrued Revenues Asset understated Revenue understated Dr. Asset Cr. Revenue * For depreciation, one would Credit the Accumulated Depreciation contra account. Some implementation notes: This activity allows all students to be actively involved in the learning process. Encourage students to take the opportunity to ask questions in the small group environment the learning team provides. Encourage the better students to serve as experts on unearned revenues. The instructor’s observation of and reactions to expert teams’ development of presentation material as well as the delivery to learning teams will have a significant impact on the effectiveness of this activity. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition182
  • 65. Business Week Activity — BTN 3-7 1. Herz personally favors a move toward what is known as “principles- based accounting.” This type of accounting would require a vast simplification of accounting standards where professionals would be asked to comply with broad goals and objectives. Such accounting would be a move away from a lengthy list of rules and exceptions. 2. Herz believes that breaking the rules is at the core of most of the scandals. When a person or company just outright violates standards and commits fraud, it is hard to say the standard is wrong. It’s like when someone robs a bank: You can’t really say that the law against bank robbing was part of the problem. 3. A principles-based system is one where the accounting standard simply lays out objectives of good reporting in an area. It may include some rules, based on the objectives, but it does not try to answer every question or provide a rule for every situation. So a typical standard would be more like 10-to-12 pages in length rather than 200 pages. 4. Principles-based accounting requires the exercise of good judgment by both companies and auditors. Those who don’t like the principles- based approach say, “I don’t trust people to do that.” They think people need rules to follow or they will try to find a way to make an objective fit almost any situation. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 183
  • 66. Entrepreneurial Decision — BTN 3-8 1. Many businesses find it cheaper to use outside collection agencies rather than hire in-house staff to handle past-due account collections. Additionally, owners of collection agencies are usually experts in the art of collection and may be able to collect on accounts that the businesses themselves never would be able to. Although a 50% commission seems steep, it must be weighed against the possibility that zero collections may be realized if the account is not turned over. 2. Mellie’s net income = Income x Profit margin = $40,000,000 x 0.08 = $3,200,000. 3. Current commission expense = $40,000,000 x 0.02 = $800,000. 4. If the commission fee charged can be negotiated down from 50% to 40%, this will be a 20% reduction in commission expense. This is computed as: (50% - 40%) / 50% = 20%. Specifically, the commission expense would change from $800,000 to 80% of $800,000 or $640,000 (also computed as $40,000,000 x 0.02 x (40%/50%)). The $160,000 reduction from $800,000 to $640,000 represents a 20% decline from $800,000. 5. Net income would be $160,000 higher since commission expense would be reduced by $160,000. Net income would change to $3,360,000 [$3,200,000 + $160,000]. Profit margin would then equal: $3,360,000/$40,000,000 = 8.4%. Hitting the Road — BTN 3-9 There is no formal solution to this field activity. The instructor may wish to tally students’ findings to see what companies were selected, who responded, what was the response time, etc. The instructor can also periodically ask students to bring in examples from their selected companies at certain times, and then compare and contrast them with the examples in the book. ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th Edition184
  • 67. Global Decision — BTN 3-10 1. Grupo Bimbo states under its “Significant Accounting Policies” in its annual report that revenue is recognized when the product is shipped. 2. The five types of assets that are depreciated by Grupo Bimbo are: a. Buildings b. Manufacturing equipment c. Vehicles d. Office equipment e. Computer equipment Land, construction-in-progress, and machinery-in-transit are not depreciated. 3. Grupo Bimbo profit margin (in thousands of pesos): 2002 profit margin = 1,002,664 / 41,373,269 = 2.4% 2001 profit margin = 1,682,025 / 34,968,097 = 4.8% ©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 185