Stirling engine complete with animations

2.  Danial Zafar Gondal 13-ME-027
 Ehtisham Qaiser 13-ME-031
 Faizan Shabbir 13-ME-032
 Asif Mehboob 13-ME-034
6/24/2015 2
Group Members

3.  History
 Working Principle
 Configurations
 Types
 Stirling Cycle
 Advantages/Disadvantages
 Practical Applications
 Conclusion
Stirling Engine

4.  Invented in Scotland by Robert Stirling in 1816.
 Additional patents in 1827 & 1840.
 Sought to replace the steam turbines of his days due to
frequent explosion caused by unsustainable high pressure
killing and injuring workers
 Stirling Engine is an EC engine.
 Robert Stirling invented Stirling engine in 1816 which could
not explode and produce more power then the steam engine
used.
History of Stirling Engine

5. “A machine used to provide power or
refrigeration, operating on a closed
cycle in which a working fluid is
cyclically compressed and expanded
at different temperatures.”
What is Stirling engine ???

6. I. One side of the engine is continuously heated while the
other side is continuously cooled.
II. First, the air moves to the hot side, where it is heated and it
expands pushing up on a piston.
III. Then the air moves through the regenerator to the cold
side, where it cools off and contracts pulling down on the
piston.
IV. Temperature change inside the engine produces the
pressure change needed to push on the piston and make
the engine run.
Working Principle

7. Schematic Diagram

8. Configuration

9. The Alpha Configuration

10. Beta Type Configuration

11. The Gamma Configuration

12. Gamma Mechanical Configuration

13. Double – Acting Stirling (Swash Plate) Engine

14. Common Configuration

15. Single Cylinder Stirling Engine – Beta Configuration
Expansion
Transfer
Transfer
Contraction

16. Double Cylinder Stirling Engine – Alpha configuration
Expansion
Transfer
Transfer
Contraction

17.  1-2:
constant volume process
 2-3:
isothermal expansion process
 3-4:
constant volume process
 4-1:
isothermal compression process
Stirling Cycle
PV Diagram

18.  The Diverse Usage.
 Various heat sources (solar, geothermal, nuclear energy, waste heat,
biological)
 Heat is external and the burning of a fuel-air mixture can be more
accurately controlled.
 Less manpower needed to operate any type of commercial Stirling
engine.
 Discussed:
High Efficiency
Less noisy operation.
Reliability and easy maintenance
Life Time
Environmental Friendly
Advantages of Stirling Cycle Engine

19.  The Stirling engine has a very special
construction, which is free from bearings, joints and
shafts. This coupled with the fact that the so-called
"waste" heat is also used, means the Stirling engine is
very fuel-efficient, with very low energy losses.
Energy Efficient

20.  The external combustion process coupled
with the Stirling engine leads to a reduction
in exhaust fumes, as the fuel is burned more efficiently. In
fact, if biomass is used as the fuel source, a CO2 neutral
energy balance is possible.
Low in emissions and environmentally friendly

21.  Again, due to the external combustion process,
nearly any energy source can be used in
conjunction with the Stirling engine and a wide range of
combustion materials can be used.
Applicable across a range of energy sources

22.  The nature of the combustion process means
that it is unlikely that contaminants and particles will get into the
engine, which is why the Stirling engine is very low-maintenance.
 Longer operational lifetimes are possible with this technology in
comparison to traditional internal combustion engines.
 Operates at relatively low pressure and thus are much safer than
typical steam turbines.
Maintenance free and durable system

23.  The nature of external combustion means
that there is an absence of explosions and valves;
therefore with careful technical construction, a low-noise
and low-vibration system can be achieved.
Low Noise

24. Theoretically
 Stirling engine efficiency = Carnot efficiency
 Unfortunately working fluid or gas is not ideal this
causes the efficiency to be lower than Carnot efficiency.
 In fact, Stirling engine efficiency depends on
 Temperature ratio (proportionally)
 Pressure ratio (inversely proportional)
 Specific heat ratio (inversely proportional)
 Overall its thermal efficiency is 80 %
Efficiency

25.  The Price.
 The ignorance of this type of engine.
 The problem of Sealing.
 The lack of flexibility.
Disadvantages of Stirling Cycle Engine

26.  Stirling Engines are found in waste heat recovery systems.
 Water pump stations
 Combined heat and power plant
 Solar power generation
 Heat pump
 Marine engines
 Nuclear power
 Aircraft engines
 CHP(combined heat and power) units
Practical Uses of Stirling Engines

27. Conclusion
High Efficiency
It Can use any heat source
Many Different Possible Applications
Time to Change . . .!!!

28. THANK YOU…
ANY QUESTION PLEASE
……???