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TCP/IP Model,[object Object],There are four layers in TCP/IP model,[object Object],Application Layer,[object Object],Transport Layer,[object Object],Internet Layer,[object Object],Network Access Layer,[object Object]
Application Layer (AL):,[object Object],Application Layer (AL), contains those protocols which provides services to users.,[object Object],Web browsing, e-mail, encryption, session establishment all these things happen in application Layer which uses protocols such as,,[object Object],HTTP, SMTP, DNS, TELNET, FTP, NFS, DFS, IMAP4, POP3, NNTP, SSH, SSL, GOPHER.,[object Object],Application Layer (AL), defines network application services like file transfer, network management.,[object Object],Identification of services is done using port numbers. Ports are nothing but socket i.e. entry & exit point to the layer.,[object Object],Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer of OSI model,[object Object],Responsible for converting data into standard format ex: ASCII, JPEG, MIDI, MP3.,[object Object],Encoding-decoding, encryption-decryption, compression, NFS, RPC (remote procedure code).,[object Object]
Transport Layer (TL):,[object Object],Two important protocols are used in Transport layer (TL). They are TCP and UDP,[object Object],Transport layer (TL), deals with actual manipulation of data and prepares it for delivery through network.,[object Object],If data is too large for the single frame, then TL breaks it into smaller pieces and assigns sequence number.,[object Object],It ensures that all the data is received in the right order than it was sent.,[object Object],TL is responsible for ensuring data is sent and received successfully.,[object Object],TL is responsible for verifying delivery of packets.,[object Object],Identification services, sequencing, flow control, error correction, segmentation, reassembling is done here.,[object Object]
Internet Layer (IL):,[object Object],Internet layer (IL), deals with, finding the way to the destination.,[object Object],Internet layer (IL) defines, IP addressing, routing, switching.,[object Object],It determines where the data should go on the physical network.,[object Object],It is responsible for routing each packet to its destination.,[object Object],Defines network address.,[object Object],Protocols that are used in this layer are routing protocol-OSPF, RIP, IGRP, EIGRP Routed protocols-IP, IPX, Appletalk. And DDP (datagram delivery protocol), ICMP, IPSec.,[object Object],This layer is also known as network layer in OSI model.,[object Object],IL provides best path to the data to reach destination.,[object Object],Device working in this layer is Router.,[object Object]
Network Access Layer:,[object Object],It is responsible for putting frames (packets) on the wire.,[object Object],Responsible for setting bits & bytes, electrical signals and impulses back and forth across the wire (coaxial or twisted pair).,[object Object],Deals with wire, connectors, signals, pulses, modems, fiber optic cable (in for of light).,[object Object],“Doors between worlds” connecting physical aspect of network (cables & Digital pulses).,[object Object],Describes specifications for topology.,[object Object],Devices used here are- HUB, Switch, Repeater, Bridges, and NIC.,[object Object],MAC – it talks about physical address,[object Object],LLC – it talks about wan protocols like ppp, hdlc, and frame relay.,[object Object],Responsible for error detection.,[object Object]

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TCP/IP Model

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