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1. The War Begins to Change for Germany
• Spring 1942 – after a hard winter the Germans launch another attack in
southern Russia. Trying to capture USSR oil production & Stalingrad
• USSR has been relocating its factories further east away from the fighting & is
starting to get U.S. supplies but is still missing a lot of equipment
• By fall 1942 - 1943 Germans & USSR fight for Stalingrad. Germans loose.
• From 1943 - 1945 the Germans are playing defense & slowly the USSR re-
conquers its territory with heavy losses
• USSR rebuilt industry & gets U.S. supplies
• Germans military keeps growing, slaves working in factories
• Hitler starting to interfere with military details

3. North Africa & Italy Fall 1942 – summer 1943
• Germans & Italians have advantage until battle of El Alamein
• U.S. army lands in French North Africa
• British invade from Egypt
• Italians & Germans leave Africa to defend Italy in 1943
• Summer 1943 Allies invade Italy, Italy surrenders, Mussolini arrested
• Germans control Northern Italy until the war ends in 1945

5. Air & submarine war with Germany Late 1943-1945
• German submarines interfere with allied shipping in the Atlantic up to late
1943
• U.S. is building ships faster than Germany can sink them
• Allies eventually develop better sonar, radar, and submarine hunting methods

6. Air War with Germany Late 1943 - 1945
Early 1944 the allies have air protection over England & northern France
Late 1944 – 1945 allies are bombing Germany with more efficiency
Bombings hurt German war production & transport, kill many German civilians
Germany however builds hidden factories & wonder weapons

12. D-Day Invasion of France June 1944
• U.S. & British forces land in Normandy (north France) largest amphibous
invasion in history
• Begin to re-conquer France and attack towards Germany

13. • Saving Private ryan 18 minutes
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=saving+private+ryan&view=detail&mid=55
FE245D9BE2BF9BB7A055FE245D9BE2BF9BB7A0&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR

14. Ethnic issues & the Holocaust
• In the U.S. - Many Japanese Americans are detained in camps in the
western parts of the U.S during WW2 Japanese are considered very
suspicious

15. Holocaust in Europe
• Germany – 1930’s pass many laws discriminating against Jews. Jews are
encouraged to leave Germany Nuremburg Laws
• Germany 1930’s – begin euthenasia programs for the mentally ill
• WW2 starts 1939 – Jews that live in areas conquered by Germany are
ordered to live in certain areas only
• WW2 invasion of USSR 1941 – killings of Jews, gypsies, communists, asian
minorities in captured Russian territory begins
• WW2 1943-1945 – When the war starts to go bad for Germany, the real
organized killing s of Jews, Gypsies, Communists, Homosexuals, Slavs
occurs
• FINAL SOLUTION Concentration camps (Aushwitz) – built specifically for
killing as many undesirables as quickly as possible. Especially in East
Europe
• End of WW2 1945 – 6 million Jews,

16. Genocide in Europe & Asia
• Russians 3million USSR army prisoners 10million citizens starvation
• Polish & other East European Slavs 4 million
• Jews 6 million
• Gypsies 2 million
• Political enemies 500,000
• Homosexuals 100,000
• Chinese 15 million murdered or starvation
• Korea, Philippines, other Asian countries 5 million
• State of Israel created in 1948, recognized immediately by the United
Nations mainly due to the Holocaust

19. War in Europe Ends, May 1945
• Yalta conference (pg531) – February 1945 Stalin, Churchill, & Roosevelt
meet to discuss the end of the war
• Allies agree to temporarily occupy Germany until a new, friendly German
government can be made
• Germany should pay $$$ to USSR since USSR suffered the most. USSR
should eventually help Americans defeat Japan after German surrender
• All countries liberated by the allies should have free elections after the
war

21. • USSR immediately eliminates anti-communists wherever they “liberate” a
country from Germany at the end of WW2
• USSR removes industrial equipment from the countries it “liberates”
• USSR does not allow free elections & installs communists into power wherever
it “liberates “ a country from the Germans pg 532
• Germany surrenders May 1945 U.S. & GB in West Germany, USSR in East
Germany
• Iron Curtain is falling across Europe in 1945
Disagreement Between Allies Begins Immediately 1945

22. Fall of Japan
• Autumn 1944, Battle of Leyte Gulf, remaining Japanese navy & majority of its
airforce is destroyed. U.S. re-conquers Philipinnes
• March-April 1945 – U.S. conquers islands of Iwo Jima & Okinawa close to Japan
Non – Stop bombing of Japanese cities http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g571TQHDvU 2:00-4:30 7:30-end
• Japanese military & civilians increasingly suicidal refuses to surrender
• U.S. military estimates it will cost more than 500,000 American lives to conquer
Japan itself more than 6 million Japanese will die
• USSR is about to enter the war against Japan…….. Will they do the same in Asia
that they did in East Europe?
• August 1945 Atomic bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki Japan surrenders
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM 4:45 min atomic bomb

29. Cold War 1945 - 1990
• Europe & Japan are in ruins. Only U.S. & USSR remain strong 2 superpowers
• USSR installs communist governments in East Europe & North Korea
• Marshall Plan – U.S. will give $$$ to help rebuild countries destroyed by WW2
so they can resist communism
• Rebuild W. Germany & Japan to make them U.S. allies against USSR Marshall
Aid
• Containment – U.S. policy of making alliances & supporting countries opposed
to the spread of communism
• W. Germany & Japan must have minor military power -focus on economics
• W. Germany & Japan have democratic constitutions
• By 1955 W. Germany & Japan have alliances with the U.S. & its allies, full
economic recovery

30. Cold War Iron Curtain 1945 - 1990

31. U.S. Policy of Containment 1945 - 1990

32. Marshall Plan 1948 - 1951

34. United Nations Created 1945
• New international organization in New York for promoting peace created
• 5 permanant countries with veto power – United States, Russia, England,
France, China
• U.S. currently provides 22% of funding. The highest

35. Cold war gets worse 1949-1950
• Berlin Blockade – 1949 USSR isolates Berlin from the west
• USSR detonates 1st atomic bomb 1949 …..- Communist scientist spies ´the
Rosenburgs´ give atomic secrets to USSR
• China becomes communist - 1949 , Communists win Chinese civil war.
nationalists flee to Taiwan
• Korean War 1950 -1953 Communist N. Korea invades democratic S. Korea
• NATO is formed 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization - U.S. and European
military alliance
• Warsaw Pact 1955 USSR & communist countries in Eastern Europe military
alliance

37. NATO VS Warsaw Pact

38. Arms Race
• U.S. & USSR compete for nuclear military superiority. Eventually start
building ICBM´s ¨inter-continental ballistic missiles¨
• Cuba becomes communist 1957
• Cuban Missle Crisis 1962 – USSR starts installing nuclear missles aimed at
Florida inside Cuba

39. Cold War Conflicts 1945 - 1990
• U.S. & USSR never fight each other, instead they spy & try to sabotage each other. Each country
supports the other´s enemies always trying to gain an advantage over the other competition
• Greece 1946-1948 – civil war, U.S. supports government against communists
• Korean War 1950-1953 – U.S. supports S. Korea, USSR & China support N. Korea
• Cuba 1957-1990 communist Cuba gets support from USSR
• Israel VS Arabs – U.S. supports Israel, USSR the Arabs causes problems between U.S & extremist
Islam
• Vietnam War 1965-1975 - U.S. supports south, USSR supports communist north
• Nicaragua Civil War 1979 – U.S. & USSR support oppisite sides
• Afghanistan 1980-1988 – U.S. supports Afghanistan during USSR invasion
• USSR – China disagreements 1960´s - U.S. ecourages China to disagree with USSR
• 3rd world conflicts: Anglola, Congo, Peru, Cambodia, Indonesia, Guatemala, Mozambique, Aruba,
Sri Lanka, Burma, Bolivia, Nigeria, etc………
• Decolonization – USSR & China will always support anti-imperial rebellion
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW4s7TETtJA duck&cover 45 sec
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=Jffuzq2GpBI&feature=endscreen nuclear explosions 2:45
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7S6EDNrfSsA ICBM launch great 2:30

43. Cold War Ends
• SALT 1972- strategic arms limitations treaty, agreement to limit the # of nuclear missles
• USSR invades Afganistan 1980 – U.S. support muslim resistance including Osama Bin Laden,
increaseed tensions again between U.S. & USSR
• Ronald Reagan increases U.S. military spending and begins Star Wars program 1980´s
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dO6rb8qcCo 3:18 min
• USSR realizes it cant compete with U.S and relaxes its dictatorship in order to allow new ideas
• Glasnost & Perestroika allow more freedom in the USSR
• Non – russians in the USSR start demanding independence, Russians openly protest communist
policies
• 1990 USSR collapses Communist countries in East Europe collapse German reunification

45. Middle East & the Rise of Militant Islam
• Late 1800’s early 1900’s increased nationalism among the Jews of Europe
• ‘Jews should return to Israel ‘ (Palestine) & build a nation there once again. Jews have
not had their own country in 2000 years
• By the late 1700’s Arab – Muslim countries were falling far behind Europe, they were
getting weaker & becoming more vulnerable to increased European power – imperialism
• After WW1 1918 Ottoman Empire collapses & the Middle East is divided into mandates
ruled by Britain & France Jews start moving to Palestine
• Western Europeans develop & control oil production in the Middle East. Economic
dominance by Europeans
• Offensive to Islam to be controlled by non-muslims “infidels”

47. Middle East & the Rise of Militant Islam
• CAUSES
• Jewish Immigration to Palestine - after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918
(WW1) Palestine is a British mandate. British allow Jews to immigrate to Palestine
• Increased tension in Palestine between Jews & Arabs over land ownership
• After WW2, more Jews move to Palestine. Fighting between Jews & Palestinians, Jews
win & declare a new Jewish nation ISRAEL 1948 several Arab countries attack Israel
• Jews continue to buy and take land from Palestinians, beginning of Palestinian terrorist
organizations
• Wars between Israel & Arab countries 1948, 1956, 1967, 1976, 1982 Israel always wins
• U.S. & western Europe support Israel USSR supports Arabs
• Arabs increasingly see Israel as a tool of U.S – western imperialism in the Middle East
• OPEC Oil Embargo 1976 – oil producing nations cut oil production causing the price of oil
to rise suddenly as punishment for supporting Israel

52. Middle East & the Rise of Militant Islam
• Europen economic imperialism in Iran after 1900, control of oil
• Shah – ruler of Iran, pro-western, pro capitalist, wants Iran to be like modern Europe-U.S
• Shah has alliances with the U.S., insults Islamic traditions in order to make Iran modern
• 1979 Iranian Revolution – traditional Muslims start a rebellion against the Shah &
replace him with an extreme Islamic government ……..very anti-U.S. anti-Israel
• 1980-1988 Iran VS Iraq War – long war almost disrupts world oil supply, increased
tensions in the region, military forces of the region increase
• 1991, 2003 – Iraq invades Kuwait, U.S. led alliances crush Iraq – Saddam Hussein
• Present - Iran supports Palestinian terrorists, developing weapons

54. Middle East & the Rise of Militant Islam
• USSR invades Afghanistan 1980 – many Muslims go to help Afghans, including Osama
Bin Laden. U.S.. Supports Afghans with weapons
• After USSR leaves Afghanistan, Osama Bin Laden looks for other enemies of Islam &
starts targeting the U.S. 9/11

55. Decolonization after WW2
• Imperialist powers such as Great Britain, France, Netherlands, etc…… weakened during &
after WW2.
• European countries need to focus on rebuilding at home, not regaining control of
colonies after WW2
• Some European countries will try to fight to keep a few colonies (France-Algeria 1954,
France-Vietnam 1950’s, Belgium-Congo 1961, British-Kenya 1965, Portugal-Angola 1975)
• Many European colonies had been conquered by Japan or other Axis powers during
WW2 & did not want to go back under European control after WW2 especially in Asia
• Many European colonies gained some freedom during WW2 in exchange for helping
Britain & France, and wanted more (India, South Africa, Canada)
• U.S was always basically opposed to European imperialism in theory
• USSR & China encourage colonies to rebel against western European powers
• Colonies have many difficulties after they gain independence. Wars, famines, economic
problems
• U.S. & USSR will compete for influence in the newly independent countries

57. Decolonization after WW2
• Newly independent countries face many problems after imperialists leave
• Europeans had provided security, order, government, some jobs, technology, some
medical care, infrastructure
• Mahatma Gandhi uses non-violent economic protests to pressure the British to leave
India. 1947
• Different groups fight for control…. Many civil wars & small genocides
• example: fighting & civil war in India-Pakistan between Muslims & Hindus 1947-1951
• example: after French finally leave, fighting between communists & monarchists in
Vietnam 1954-1975 U.S. gets involved to stop communists
• Europeans employed many natives in their companies…. If Europeans leave quickly….
Many natives without jobs, no police, no modern technology or medicine
• Many new countries borrow large amounts of $$$ to restructure their countries &
modernize with horrible results DEBT !

62. Technology Culture
• Air travel, jet engines, radar
• Rockets- space exploration- satellites