1. Technology
in Action
AlanEvans • KendallMartin
MaryAnnePoatsy
TenthEdition
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

2. Technology in Action
Chapter 3
Using the Internet:
Making the Most of the Web’s Resources
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

3. Chapter Topics
• The Internet and How It Works
• Communicating and Collaborating on the
Web
• Web Entertainment
• Conducting Business over the Internet:
E-Commerce
• Accessing and Moving around the Web
• Searching the Web Effectively
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4. The Internet and How it Works
• Internet is a network of networks
connecting billions of computers globally
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5. The Internet and How it Works
The Origin of the Internet
• Developed while U.S. was in midst of Cold
War with Soviet Union
• Created to respond to two concerns
– Establishing a secure form of military
communications
– Creating a means by which all computers
could communicate
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6. The Internet and How it Works
The Origin of the Internet
• Evolved from Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network (ARPANET)
– Vinton Cerf
– Robert Kahn
• First communication occurred in 1969
• World Wide Web is subset of the Internet
– Common protocols enable computers to talk
to each other
– Special links enable navigation
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7. The Internet and How it Works
How the Internet Works
• Web browser – software that lets you
display and interact with text and other
media on the web
• Computer connected to the Internet acts in
one of two ways
– Client is computer that asks for data
– Server receives the request and returns data
to the client
– Client/server network
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8. The Internet and How it Works
How the Internet Works
• Requests travel along transmission lines
– Similar to highway system of roads
– Some are faster then others
– Internet backbones: Transmission lines with
faster speeds
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9. The Internet and How it Works
How the Internet Works (cont.)
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
– How computers connected to the Internet
identify each other
– Websites are assigned unique IP addresses
– Text versions of IP addresses are used
because IP addresses are hard to remember
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10. Communicating and Collaborating
on the Web
• Web 2.0
– Social web
– Allows users to collaborate
• Social media
– Google Docs, Facebook, Yelp,
YouTube, Pinterest
– Blogs, wikis, podcasts, and
webcasts
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11. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Social Networking
• Means by which people use the Internet to
communicate and share information
– Facebook
– Twitter
• Networking in business community
– Finding and filling job positions
– LinkedIn is business-oriented network
– Marketing and communicating with customers
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12. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Social Networking (cont.)
• Privacy concerns
– When social networking first became popular
there was concern over privacy
– Most sites have improved privacy protections,
reducing concern but not eliminating it
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13. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Social Networking (cont.)
• Privacy concerns (cont.)
– Precautions to consider
• Keep personal information personal
• Know who your friends are
• Do not post information like favorite teacher often
used as security question to verify identity
• Use caution when posting images
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14. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Social Networking (cont.)
• Employers and colleges use social
networks to check out potential applicants
• People have been fired or expelled for
using social media in a questionable way
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15. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Social Networking (cont.)
• Questionable content includes
– Negative comments about poster’s job,
employer, or colleagues
– Inappropriate content about the poster
• Responsibility for your content rests with
you
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16. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
E-mail
• E-mail is still primary the means of
communication on the Internet
• E-mail: Written message sent or received
over the Internet
• Asynchronous
• Convenient
• E-mails really are not private
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17. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
E-mail (cont.)
• E-mail etiquette
– Be concise and to the point
– Use spell-check
– Avoid texting abbreviations
– Include meaningful subject line
– Include signature line with basic contact or
corporate information
– Include only people who need to receive it
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18. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
E-mail (cont.)
• Two different types of e-mail systems
– Web-based e-mail client
• Accessible from any device that can access the
Internet
• Yahoo! Mail, Hotmail, or Gmail
– E-mail client
• Accessible only from computer on which e-mail
client software is installed
• Microsoft Outlook
– Both systems can be used together
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19. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Instant Messaging (IM)
• Programs to communicate in real time
over the Internet
– Casual conversations between friends
– Businesses use for quick and instant
communication
– Some provide video chat with webcam
• Proprietary IM services: AIM, Google Chat,
Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo!
Messenger
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20. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Instant Messaging (IM)
• Facebook chat with “friends”
• Universal chat services: Trillian, Digsby
• Web-based universal chat service: Meebo
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21. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Wikis
• A Wiki is a website that allows users to
change content
• Wikipedia uses wiki technology so content
can be updated continually
• Google Docs has wiki-like features
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22. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Wikis (cont.)
• Wikipedia is not a
good source for
research papers
– Users might add
erroneous content
– Tighter controls are
being implemented
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23. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Blogs
• A blog (short for weblog) is a personal log
or journal posted on the Web
– Single author
– Arranged as entries on single page
– Most recent entry on top
• A video log (vlog) is a personal journal that
uses video as primary content
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24. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Blogs (cont.)
• Sites offering free blog hosting
– Blogger
– Wordpress
• Blog popularity has created a problem
– Splogs
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25. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Podcasts and Webcasts
• A podcast is a series of audio or video files
distributed over the Internet
– Files that come to you through syndication
– Podcasts are available on a wide variety of
topics and content
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26. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Podcasts and Webcasts (cont.)
• Really Simple Syndication (RSS) –
podcasts use RSS to deliver content
• Aggregator – locates all the subscribed
RSS series and downloads new content
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27. Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Podcasts and Webcasts (cont.)
• A webcast is the broadcast of audio or
video content over the Internet
– Live or one-time events
– Continuously feeds audio and video content
– Facilitates viewing and downloading of large
audio and video files.
– Can be interactive, inviting audience response
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28. Web Entertainment
• Web entertainment
includes
– Streaming audio and
video
– Internet radio
– MP3s
– Interactive gaming
– Smart TV
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29. Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Multimedia is anything that involves one or
more forms of media in addition to text
– Graphics
– Audio files
– Video files
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30. Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Streaming audio: Continuously feeds an
audio file to your browser
• Streaming video: Continuously feeds a
video file to your browser
• Do not have to wait to download entire file
• Netflix and video on demand from your
cable provider
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31. Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Plug-in (or player): Special program often
needed to view or hear some multimedia
files
• Many plug-ins are preinstalled
• Can download the plug-in free of charge
• Update your plug-ins frequently
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32. Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Cache: Temporary storage place
• To keep system running efficiently
– Delete temporary Internet cache regularly
– Click Refresh or F5 key to ensure most recent
website content is displayed
– Clear your Internet cache manually
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33. Conducting Business over the
Internet: E-Commerce
• E-commerce or electronic commerce is
the process of conducting business online
– Business-to-consumer (B2C)
• Purchases consumers make at online stores
– Business-to-business (B2B)
• Businesses buying and selling to other businesses
– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
• Consumers selling to each other
• eBay, Freecycle, Craigslist
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34. Conducting Business over the
Internet: E-Commerce
• Social commerce - e-commerce subset
using social networks to assist in
marketing and purchasing products.
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35. Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce
E-Commerce Safeguards
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• Businesses must have some form of
security certification to give customers a
level of comfort
• Look for visual indicators a website is
secure: URL changes from “http://” to
“https://” – with the “s” standing for secure
socket layer
• Shop at well-known, reputable sites

36. Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce
E-Commerce Safeguards
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• Pay by credit card
• Check the return
policy
• Avoid public
computers for
online transactions

37. Accessing and Moving around the Web
Web Browsers
• Web browser is software installed on your
computer that allows you to locate, view,
and navigate the web
• Graphical browsers display
– Text
– Pictures
– Sound
– Video
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38. Accessing and Moving around the Web
Web Browsers (cont.)
• Web browser features
– Tabbed browsing
– Pinned tabs
– Tear-off tabs
– Thumbnail previews
– Tab isolation
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39. Accessing and Moving around the Web
Web Browsers (cont.)
• Web browser features (cont.)
– Combined search and address bar
– SmartScreen filter
– Privacy browsing
– Add-ons
– Session restore
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40. Accessing and Moving around the Web
URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names
• Every web site has a unique address
– Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• URLs have several parts that help identify
the web document
– The protocol
– The domain name
– The path or subdirectory
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41. Accessing and Moving around the Web
URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.)
• HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
– Web server – computer that hosts the website
– The most common protocol
– Part of Internet protocol suite
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Part of Internet
Protocol suite
• BitTorrent – protocol used to transfer files
using a peer-to-peer networking system
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42. Accessing and Moving around the Web
URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.)
• Domain name identifies the site’s host
• Top-level domain: The suffix after the dot
• Each country has own top-level domain
– Further divisions can be made for regions or
states
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43. Accessing and Moving around the Web
URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.)
• When URL is domain name: Requesting
site’s home page
• File or path: Information after forward
slash following domain name
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44. Accessing and Moving around the Web
Hyperlinks and Beyond
• Hyperlink is specially coded element
• Clicking on hyperlink lets you jump to
another location
– Breadcrumb trail
– Back and Forward buttons
– Recently visited sites
– History list
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45. Accessing and Moving around the Web
Hyperlinks and Beyond (cont.)
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46. Accessing and Moving around the Web
Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging
• Favorites feature place marker of site’s
URL on list on browser’s toolbar
– Favorites (Internet Explorer and Safari)
– Bookmarks (Firefox and Google Chrome)
• Live bookmark feature (Firefox)
– Provides up-to-date information using RSS
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47. Accessing and Moving around the Web
Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging (cont.)
• Social bookmarking or tagging
– Store, organize, and manage bookmarks
– Keyword or term assigned to web page,
digital image, or video
– Delicious, Digg, and Reddit
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48. Dig Deeper
Discovering the Semantic Web
• Semantic web (Web 3.0): Evolving
extension of the web
– Data is defined to be easily processed by
computers
• Beginning to emerge in technologies such
as Siri
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49. Searching the Web Effectively
• Narrow down the vast quantity of web
information by using
– Search engine: A set of programs that
searches the web for keywords (specific
works you wish to look for or query)
– Subject directory: A structured outline of
websites organized by topics
– Metasearch engine: Searches other search
engines rather than individual websites
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50. Searching the Web Effectively
Using Search Engines Effectively
• Search engines have three components
– Spider constantly collects data on the web
– Indexer program organizes the data into large
database
– Search engine software searches indexed
data, pulling out relevant information
• Resulting list appears in your web browser
as list of hits
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51. Searching the Web Effectively
Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.)
• Search engines use unique formulas to
formulate searches and create results
• Search engines also differ in which sites
they search
• Search engines also let you search for
images and audio and video files
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52. Searching the Web Effectively
Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.)
• Boolean operators - words such as AND,
NOT, and OR that describe the
relationships between the keywords in a
search
• Initially were used to refine searches
• Today advanced search pages are
available
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53. Searching the Web Effectively
Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.)
• Additional strategies for refining searches
with key phrases
– Place quotation marks around keywords to
search for exact phrase
– Search within a specific site
– Use a wild card
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54. Searching the Web Effectively
Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.)
• Other specialty search strategies and
services
– “More” hyperlink in Google
– “Even More” option in Google
• Scholar
• Custom Search
• Product Search
• Alerts
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55. Searching the Web Effectively
Evaluating Websites
• Before using an Internet resource,
consider
– Authority
– Bias
– Relevance
– Audience
– Links
• These factors will help decide if a website
is a good source of information
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56. Chapter 3 Summary Questions
1. What is the origin of the Internet?
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57. 2. How does data travel on the Internet?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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58. 3. How can I communicate and collaborate
with others using Web 2.0 technologies?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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59. 4. How can I communicate with others using
e-mail and instant messaging?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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60. 5. What multimedia files are found on the
web, and what software is needed to
access those files?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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61. 6. What is e-commerce, and what online
safeguards are available?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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62. 7. What is a web browser, and what are a
URL and its parts?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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63. 8. How can I use hyperlinks and other tools
to get around the web?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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64. 9. How do I search the Internet effectively,
and how can I evaluate websites?
Chapter 3 Summary Questions
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retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall