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Antonio F. Logrieco
Mycokey Coordinator
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in
food chain
4. International mycotoxin networking
initiatives
5. MycoKey project
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in
food chain
4. International mycotoxin initiatives
5. MycoKey project
 39 nations with known regulations
(99 % of inhabitants of the region)
 EU harmonized limits exist for
aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, patulin,
DON, zearalenone, fumonisins
 EU food limits considered for T-2/HT-2,
ergot alkaloids and other mycotoxins
 EU feed limits exist for aflatoxin B1
 EU feed guidance values exist for
ochratoxin A and some Fusarium toxins (FAO FNP 81, 2004)
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
Food
1,5
3,6
1,8
5,519,6
ASIA/ OCEANIA
LATIN AMERICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
E
NORTH AMERICA
Feed
1,3
1,7
1,0
13,5
8,5
EUROPE
E
NORTH AMERICA
LATIN AMERICA
ASIA/ OCEANIAAFRICA
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
(FAO FNP 81, 2004)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
AFT
AFB1
AFM1
AFG1
OTA
PAT
ZEN
mycotoxins
number of countries
 15 nations with known regulations (59
% of inhabitants of the region)
 Majority of countries: regulations
unknown or non-existent
 Several countries indicate regulations
should be developed
 Regulations mainly for aflatoxins
 Most detailed: Morocco
6
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
(FAO FNP 81, 2004)
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
Mycotoxin notifications: 54
Border rejections: 280
Information for attention: 44
Alert: 5
Information for follow-up: 383 RASFF 2014 Annual Report
RASFF 2013 Annual Report
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in
food chain
4. International mycotoxin initiatives
5. MycoKey project
Prediction map of aflatoxin B1 risk in peanuts growing areas on a global scale
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
Battilani and Logrieco, 2013
Battilani and Logrieco, 2013
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
EU Imported products with high risk of mycotoxin contamination:
•maize, (fumonisins and aflatoxins) from all continents
•cereals (deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A) mostly from north and south America
•coffee, (ochratoxin A) mostly South America & Africa
•pistachio nuts, (aflatoxins) mostly from North Africa & Asia
•Peanuts & other nuts, (aflatoxins) mostly North, South America & Africa
•Spices (aflatoxins) mostly from Asia & Africa
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
 Export compliance with food safety
and quality standards.
 Total losses: $1.2 billion
 World Bank estimate of lost trade
 US$ 450 million
 Some countries active to meet standards
by putting in place relevant institutions
 Best quality exported; poorer quality
consumed domestically. Peanut
Maize
Coffee
Cocoa
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, 2006
 estimated 55 million tests (mostly cheap antibiotic tests)
 Average cost of test (ACT): 50-60€ (1.5€ in antibiotics)
 Expected annual growth to 2020: volume 6%, value10-12%
35%
25%
40%
75%
Antibiotics
& Other
Pesticides
Traditional
methods
Novel
methods
4%
12%
Service
(product)
Kits
in-house
300 million €
21% Kits in
service
Service
(time)
63%
25%
Mycotoxins
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
HPLC*, UHPLC*,HPLC*, UHPLC*, LC-MSLC-MS
CLEAN-UPCLEAN-UP
EXTRACTIONEXTRACTION
SAMPLINGSAMPLING
DETECTION/
DETERMINATION
DETECTION/
DETERMINATION
* Fluorescence detector
Derivatization: bromine
(Kobra®
cell);
UV irradiation (UVE™)
Tedious sample
preparation
Time consuming
separation and
detection
High costs
Skilled persons
Growing demand for
rapid methods
Growing demand for
rapid methods
Time of analysis: 5 - 20 minTime of analysis: 5 - 20 min
 simple sample preparation& inexpensive equipments
 suitable for screening purposes
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
Lateral flow device or dipstick
ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES: rapid (5-10 min), simple, no expensive
equipments required, portable, limited use of organic
solvents, suitable for screening purposes, can be used in situ
DISADVANTAGES:DISADVANTAGES: qualitative or semi-quantitative (cut off
level), matrix interferences may affect result, possible false
positive/negative results, cross-reactivity of antibody with
other mycotoxins, sensitivity not acceptable at levels close to
regulatory limits
• LFDs commercially available for AFs and FBs in maize, DON in
wheat, OTA, ZEA, T-2 and HT-2 in cereal grains.
• Photometric strip readers allow quantitative analysis (LFD)
ade aspects related to mycotoxins
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food
chain
4. International mycotoxin initiatives
5. MycoKey project
HOST
•Susceptibility
•Growth Stage
•Flowering synchrony
PATHOGEN
•Species/populatio
n
•Density/abundance
•Aggressiveness
ENVIRONMENT
•Temperature
•Moisture
•Radiation
Disease
and
Mycotoxins
Similar factors influence the
development of disease and
resulting mycotoxin accumulation
(overlapping triangles)
Important differences in
the relationships between
host plants, pathogen and
environment may affect
disease and toxin
differently (offsetting the
triangles)
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
DISTRIBUTIONSTORAGE PROCESSING CONSUMPTION
Field fungiField fungi
(mainly Aspergillus, Alternaria, etc.)
GROWING
CROPS
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
Storage fungiStorage fungi
(mainly Aspergillus, Penicillum, etc.)
PRE-
HARVEST
POST-
HARVEST
PRE-HARVEST POST-HARVEST
Complex
(too many
factors)
Limited control
Problems and side
effects of corrective
actions
Simple
Good Agricultural
Practice (GAP) limit toxin
accumulation
No side effects
Which critical aspects should be tackled
to encourage a sustainable and effective
mycotoxin management in Africa??
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE IN
DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)
 Resistant varieties
 Crop rotation
 Soil treatment
 In-planta detoxification
 Fungicide application
 Biological control
 Weed and pest management
 Agronomic measures
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
ECONOMIC CONTRAINTS
POLITICAL INCENTIVES
SOIL EROSION
OGM RELEASE
LIMITED APPLIED RESEARCH
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)
 Resistant varieties
 Crop rotation
 Soil treatment
 In-planta detoxification
 Fungicide application
 Biological control
 Weed and pest management
 Agronomic measures
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
 EXPENSIVE
 POTENTIAL HARM TO BENEFICIAL
INSECTS AND ENVIRONMENT
 RESIDUES IN FOOD
 HAZARD FOR THE HEALTH AND
SAFETY OF WORKERS HANDLING
FUNGICIDES
 PATHOGENS RESISTANCE
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)
 Resistant varieties
 Crop rotation
 Soil treatment
 In-planta detoxification
 Fungicide application
 Biological control
 Weed and pest management
 Agronomic measures
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
EXPENSIVE
UNRELIABLE
(variation in the application due to
environmental conditions)
 LIMITED EFFICIENCY (survival)
 IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM AND
HEALTH
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)
 Resistant varieties
 Crop rotation
 Soil treatment
 In-planta detoxification
 Fungicide application
 Biological control
 Weed and pest management
 Agronomic measures
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
 Sorting
 Storage
 Detoxification
 Intake prevention
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
 Sorting
 Storage
 Detoxification
 Intake prevention
 LOSS OF UNCONTAMINATED
MATERIALS
 DISPOSAL OF REFUSES
 FLEXIBILITY NEEDED
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
 Sorting
 Storage
 Detoxification
 Intake prevention
 EXPENSIVE TREATMENTS
 INTEGRATION OF DATA REGARDING
PARAMETERS/CONDITIONS
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
 Sorting
 Storage
 Detoxification
 Intake prevention
LOW EFFICACY OF EXISTING
APPROACHES (CHEMICAL,
PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL)
POTENTIAL TOXICOLOGICAL
RISKS
LACK OF STANDARD
VALIDATED PROCEDURES
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
 Sorting
 Storage
 Detoxification
 Intake prevention
SAFE CHEMOPREVENTION
STRATEGIES
•LACK OF SCIENTIFIC
MODELS
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in
food chain
EU/iternational mycotoxin initiatives
1. MycoKey project
Post-harvestPost-harvest
BIOCOPBIOCOP
Screening for contaminants in food
OTAPREVOTAPREV
Ochratoxin Prevention in Wheat
OCHRATOXIN AOCHRATOXIN A
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
SAFE ORGANIC VEGETABLESSAFE ORGANIC VEGETABLES
The Carrot Alternaria
Toxin Model
CONTROL MYCOTOX FOODCONTROL MYCOTOX FOOD
Mycotoxin prevention in cereals
FP6
FP5
FP5
FP6
FP5
Horizontal technologiesHorizontal technologies
GOODFOODGOODFOOD
Quality monitoring in the food chain
DETOX-FUNGIDETOX-FUNGI
Toxigenic fungi detection
MYCOTOX INCO-DEVMYCOTOX INCO-DEV
Mycotoxin Control in Latin American South cone
CONffIDENCECONffIDENCE
Inexpensive detection of Contaminants
in the food chain
MYCOSENSEMYCOSENSE
Novel kit for rapid Mycotoxin Detection in food
FP5
FP6
FP5
FP5
FP7
2E-BCAs2E-BCAs in Cropsin Crops
Enhancement of Biocontrol Agents
FUCOMYRFUCOMYR
Fusarium Resistant and Toxin Free Wheat
Pre-harvestPre-harvest
RAFBCARAFBCA
Risk Assessment of Fungal Biological Control Agents
FP5
FP5
FP6
WINE-OCHRA -RISKWINE-OCHRA -RISK
Ochratoxin risk Assessment and Management
FP5
RAMFICRAMFIC
Fusarium Risk Assessment Models
FP5
MONIQAMONIQA
Harmonizing methods
in the food chain
COST 835COST 835
Network on mycotoxin
and toxigenic fungi
EMANEMAN
European Mycotoxin
Awareness Network
MYCONETMYCONET
EU Network for
identification emerging
mycotoxin in wheat chain
FP5
FP6
MYCOGLOBEMYCOGLOBE
Integration research on mycotoxins
and toxigenic fungi
FP6 FP5 FP6
DisseminationDissemination
FP7
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
MYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOXMYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOXMYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOXMYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOX
H2020
 109 participants, 28 countries in Africa (15), Europe, Asia, North
America and South America
 Participants: Scientists, parliamentarians, heads of institutions,
policymakers, trade and health specialists
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
Learning from the EU:
Reducing Impact of Mycotoxins in Tropical Agriculture with Emphasis on
Health and Trade in Africa
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
New communities
New communities
Scientific cooperation
Scientific cooperation
Projects linked to MycoRed
Projects linked to MycoRed
New communities
New communities Scientific Alliances
Scientific Alliances
Training and educational
cooperation
Training and educational
cooperation
Home education
Home education
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
36
Agreement in China
Agreement in China
Agreement in Indonesia
Agreement in Indonesia
Meetings in Africa
Meetings in Africa
Local networks
Local networks
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
Committee members of the newly established
ASM
President of ASM: Prof. Bradley Flett (FlettB@arc.agric.za)
President of ISM: Dr. Antonio Logrieco
Vice President: Prof. Sheila Okoth
Treasurer: Dr. Hanneke Alberts, Secretary: Prof. Olusegun Atanda, Additional
members: Dr. Juliet Akello, Dr. Benoit Gnonlonfin, Prof. Essam Ibraheem
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
ASM2015 - 1st African Symposium on Mycotoxicology Livingstone, 26-28 May 2015ASM2015 - 1st African Symposium on Mycotoxicology Livingstone, 26-28 May 2015
20 MycoRed Scientific Alliances
2 Twinnings
SLAM NMASN
MPU JSM
EMAN
ternational mycotoxin initiatives
EU-ASIA
NET
1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins
3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in
food chain
4. International mycotoxin initiatives
5. MycoKey project
ycokey project
1 Association
23 Scientific Partners
3 Industrial Partners
5 SMEs
 to generate innovative and integrated solutions
and support stakeholders in effective and sustainable
mycotoxin management along food and feed chains.
 to give a sound contribution for reducing mycotoxin
contamination mainly in Europe and China, significant
areas for their increasing mycotoxin occurrence, growing
international trade of commodities and contaminated batches.
ycokey project
ConsumersStorageField Industry
processing
Retailers
storage storagetransport transport consuminggrowing
 Smart ICT tool (MycoKey App), integrating key information and
practical solutions for mycotoxin management
 Rapid, customized forecasting, descriptive information on
contamination risk/levels, decision support and practical
economically-sound suggestions for intervention.
 Targeted tools and methodologies for cost-effective application
in the field and during storage, processing and transportation.
 Alternative and safe ways to use contaminated batches
 Strong cooperation with CHINA
 Recommendations for international legislation
 Awareness and information streamings worldwide
ycokey project
ycokey project
MycoKey App, available in
different languages, will facilitate
mycotoxin risks management for
stakeholders by providing timely,
personalized advices to each field
plot with its respective cropping
factors
FREE
€
TOX
GPS
Best
prac
€
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa?
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa?
Mycokey tools
- Mycokey App
- Drones
- Sensors
- knowledge platform
Mycokey new approach
and data for
Biocontrol
Detoxification
Adsorbents
Biofuel
Use of enxymes
farmersfarmers producersproducers dealersdealers exportexport
labslabs SMEsSMEs industriesindustries
researchersresearchers associations consumersassociations consumers
Involvement of international community for global collaboration
ycokey project
EUROPE
CHINA AFRICA
•Research
•Technologies – ICT
•Knowledge
•Regulation
• production
• international trade
• economic interest
• research and knowledge
• “Open pilot field/lab” for problem
solving&alternative management
practices
• climate changes affection
• global contamination exposure
Inform
ation
and
cases
to
be
studied
M
ethodologies
and
tools
Research
&Technology
transfer
Export–
trade
Investments in developing areas
export – risk contamination
Information and data
ycokey project
Afla
minimization
attention to
EU-China-Africa interactions
to minimize mycotoxin
exposure in countries with
different eating habits and to
guarantee EU standards in
import products.
International team for proposing a worldwide harmonization of
regulation and limits for mycotoxins
input for a future
Global harmonization onGlobal harmonization on
legislation and policieslegislation and policies
to be
proposed to international organizations (EFSA, FDA, CODEX) and
shared with scientific communities (FAO, WHO, ISM, ASM, LAM, PACA, etc.)
consumer associations, policy makers and legislators
ycokey project
MycokeyMycokey
CartaCarta
Thanks for yourThanks for your
attention!attention!
Antonio F. Logrieco
e- mail: antonio.logrieco@ispa.cnr.it

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Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa?

  • 2. 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa 2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain 4. International mycotoxin networking initiatives 5. MycoKey project
  • 3. 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa 2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain 4. International mycotoxin initiatives 5. MycoKey project
  • 4.  39 nations with known regulations (99 % of inhabitants of the region)  EU harmonized limits exist for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, patulin, DON, zearalenone, fumonisins  EU food limits considered for T-2/HT-2, ergot alkaloids and other mycotoxins  EU feed limits exist for aflatoxin B1  EU feed guidance values exist for ochratoxin A and some Fusarium toxins (FAO FNP 81, 2004) 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa
  • 5. Food 1,5 3,6 1,8 5,519,6 ASIA/ OCEANIA LATIN AMERICA AFRICA EUROPE E NORTH AMERICA Feed 1,3 1,7 1,0 13,5 8,5 EUROPE E NORTH AMERICA LATIN AMERICA ASIA/ OCEANIAAFRICA 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa (FAO FNP 81, 2004)
  • 6. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 AFT AFB1 AFM1 AFG1 OTA PAT ZEN mycotoxins number of countries  15 nations with known regulations (59 % of inhabitants of the region)  Majority of countries: regulations unknown or non-existent  Several countries indicate regulations should be developed  Regulations mainly for aflatoxins  Most detailed: Morocco 6 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa (FAO FNP 81, 2004)
  • 7. 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa Mycotoxin notifications: 54 Border rejections: 280 Information for attention: 44 Alert: 5 Information for follow-up: 383 RASFF 2014 Annual Report
  • 8. RASFF 2013 Annual Report ade aspects related to mycotoxins
  • 9. 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa 2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain 4. International mycotoxin initiatives 5. MycoKey project
  • 10. Prediction map of aflatoxin B1 risk in peanuts growing areas on a global scale ade aspects related to mycotoxins Battilani and Logrieco, 2013
  • 11. Battilani and Logrieco, 2013 ade aspects related to mycotoxins
  • 12. EU Imported products with high risk of mycotoxin contamination: •maize, (fumonisins and aflatoxins) from all continents •cereals (deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A) mostly from north and south America •coffee, (ochratoxin A) mostly South America & Africa •pistachio nuts, (aflatoxins) mostly from North Africa & Asia •Peanuts & other nuts, (aflatoxins) mostly North, South America & Africa •Spices (aflatoxins) mostly from Asia & Africa ade aspects related to mycotoxins
  • 13.  Export compliance with food safety and quality standards.  Total losses: $1.2 billion  World Bank estimate of lost trade  US$ 450 million  Some countries active to meet standards by putting in place relevant institutions  Best quality exported; poorer quality consumed domestically. Peanut Maize Coffee Cocoa ade aspects related to mycotoxins Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, 2006
  • 14.  estimated 55 million tests (mostly cheap antibiotic tests)  Average cost of test (ACT): 50-60€ (1.5€ in antibiotics)  Expected annual growth to 2020: volume 6%, value10-12% 35% 25% 40% 75% Antibiotics & Other Pesticides Traditional methods Novel methods 4% 12% Service (product) Kits in-house 300 million € 21% Kits in service Service (time) 63% 25% Mycotoxins ade aspects related to mycotoxins
  • 15. HPLC*, UHPLC*,HPLC*, UHPLC*, LC-MSLC-MS CLEAN-UPCLEAN-UP EXTRACTIONEXTRACTION SAMPLINGSAMPLING DETECTION/ DETERMINATION DETECTION/ DETERMINATION * Fluorescence detector Derivatization: bromine (Kobra® cell); UV irradiation (UVE™) Tedious sample preparation Time consuming separation and detection High costs Skilled persons Growing demand for rapid methods Growing demand for rapid methods Time of analysis: 5 - 20 minTime of analysis: 5 - 20 min  simple sample preparation& inexpensive equipments  suitable for screening purposes ade aspects related to mycotoxins
  • 16. Lateral flow device or dipstick ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES: rapid (5-10 min), simple, no expensive equipments required, portable, limited use of organic solvents, suitable for screening purposes, can be used in situ DISADVANTAGES:DISADVANTAGES: qualitative or semi-quantitative (cut off level), matrix interferences may affect result, possible false positive/negative results, cross-reactivity of antibody with other mycotoxins, sensitivity not acceptable at levels close to regulatory limits • LFDs commercially available for AFs and FBs in maize, DON in wheat, OTA, ZEA, T-2 and HT-2 in cereal grains. • Photometric strip readers allow quantitative analysis (LFD) ade aspects related to mycotoxins
  • 17. 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa 2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain 4. International mycotoxin initiatives 5. MycoKey project
  • 18. HOST •Susceptibility •Growth Stage •Flowering synchrony PATHOGEN •Species/populatio n •Density/abundance •Aggressiveness ENVIRONMENT •Temperature •Moisture •Radiation Disease and Mycotoxins Similar factors influence the development of disease and resulting mycotoxin accumulation (overlapping triangles) Important differences in the relationships between host plants, pathogen and environment may affect disease and toxin differently (offsetting the triangles) 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 19. DISTRIBUTIONSTORAGE PROCESSING CONSUMPTION Field fungiField fungi (mainly Aspergillus, Alternaria, etc.) GROWING CROPS 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain Storage fungiStorage fungi (mainly Aspergillus, Penicillum, etc.) PRE- HARVEST POST- HARVEST
  • 20. PRE-HARVEST POST-HARVEST Complex (too many factors) Limited control Problems and side effects of corrective actions Simple Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) limit toxin accumulation No side effects Which critical aspects should be tackled to encourage a sustainable and effective mycotoxin management in Africa?? 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 21. ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY LACK OF KNOWLEDGE IN DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)  Resistant varieties  Crop rotation  Soil treatment  In-planta detoxification  Fungicide application  Biological control  Weed and pest management  Agronomic measures 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 22. ECONOMIC CONTRAINTS POLITICAL INCENTIVES SOIL EROSION OGM RELEASE LIMITED APPLIED RESEARCH GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)  Resistant varieties  Crop rotation  Soil treatment  In-planta detoxification  Fungicide application  Biological control  Weed and pest management  Agronomic measures 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 23.  EXPENSIVE  POTENTIAL HARM TO BENEFICIAL INSECTS AND ENVIRONMENT  RESIDUES IN FOOD  HAZARD FOR THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS HANDLING FUNGICIDES  PATHOGENS RESISTANCE GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)  Resistant varieties  Crop rotation  Soil treatment  In-planta detoxification  Fungicide application  Biological control  Weed and pest management  Agronomic measures 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 24. EXPENSIVE UNRELIABLE (variation in the application due to environmental conditions)  LIMITED EFFICIENCY (survival)  IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM AND HEALTH GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP)  Resistant varieties  Crop rotation  Soil treatment  In-planta detoxification  Fungicide application  Biological control  Weed and pest management  Agronomic measures 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 25.  Sorting  Storage  Detoxification  Intake prevention 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 26.  Sorting  Storage  Detoxification  Intake prevention  LOSS OF UNCONTAMINATED MATERIALS  DISPOSAL OF REFUSES  FLEXIBILITY NEEDED 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 27.  Sorting  Storage  Detoxification  Intake prevention  EXPENSIVE TREATMENTS  INTEGRATION OF DATA REGARDING PARAMETERS/CONDITIONS 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 28.  Sorting  Storage  Detoxification  Intake prevention LOW EFFICACY OF EXISTING APPROACHES (CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL) POTENTIAL TOXICOLOGICAL RISKS LACK OF STANDARD VALIDATED PROCEDURES 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 29.  Sorting  Storage  Detoxification  Intake prevention SAFE CHEMOPREVENTION STRATEGIES •LACK OF SCIENTIFIC MODELS 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain
  • 30. 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa 2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain EU/iternational mycotoxin initiatives 1. MycoKey project
  • 31. Post-harvestPost-harvest BIOCOPBIOCOP Screening for contaminants in food OTAPREVOTAPREV Ochratoxin Prevention in Wheat OCHRATOXIN AOCHRATOXIN A RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT SAFE ORGANIC VEGETABLESSAFE ORGANIC VEGETABLES The Carrot Alternaria Toxin Model CONTROL MYCOTOX FOODCONTROL MYCOTOX FOOD Mycotoxin prevention in cereals FP6 FP5 FP5 FP6 FP5 Horizontal technologiesHorizontal technologies GOODFOODGOODFOOD Quality monitoring in the food chain DETOX-FUNGIDETOX-FUNGI Toxigenic fungi detection MYCOTOX INCO-DEVMYCOTOX INCO-DEV Mycotoxin Control in Latin American South cone CONffIDENCECONffIDENCE Inexpensive detection of Contaminants in the food chain MYCOSENSEMYCOSENSE Novel kit for rapid Mycotoxin Detection in food FP5 FP6 FP5 FP5 FP7 2E-BCAs2E-BCAs in Cropsin Crops Enhancement of Biocontrol Agents FUCOMYRFUCOMYR Fusarium Resistant and Toxin Free Wheat Pre-harvestPre-harvest RAFBCARAFBCA Risk Assessment of Fungal Biological Control Agents FP5 FP5 FP6 WINE-OCHRA -RISKWINE-OCHRA -RISK Ochratoxin risk Assessment and Management FP5 RAMFICRAMFIC Fusarium Risk Assessment Models FP5 MONIQAMONIQA Harmonizing methods in the food chain COST 835COST 835 Network on mycotoxin and toxigenic fungi EMANEMAN European Mycotoxin Awareness Network MYCONETMYCONET EU Network for identification emerging mycotoxin in wheat chain FP5 FP6 MYCOGLOBEMYCOGLOBE Integration research on mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi FP6 FP5 FP6 DisseminationDissemination FP7 ternational mycotoxin initiatives MYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOXMYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOXMYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOXMYCOKEY & MYTOOLBOX H2020
  • 32.  109 participants, 28 countries in Africa (15), Europe, Asia, North America and South America  Participants: Scientists, parliamentarians, heads of institutions, policymakers, trade and health specialists ternational mycotoxin initiatives Learning from the EU: Reducing Impact of Mycotoxins in Tropical Agriculture with Emphasis on Health and Trade in Africa
  • 35. New communities New communities Scientific cooperation Scientific cooperation Projects linked to MycoRed Projects linked to MycoRed New communities New communities Scientific Alliances Scientific Alliances Training and educational cooperation Training and educational cooperation Home education Home education ternational mycotoxin initiatives
  • 36. 36 Agreement in China Agreement in China Agreement in Indonesia Agreement in Indonesia Meetings in Africa Meetings in Africa Local networks Local networks ternational mycotoxin initiatives
  • 37. Committee members of the newly established ASM President of ASM: Prof. Bradley Flett (FlettB@arc.agric.za) President of ISM: Dr. Antonio Logrieco Vice President: Prof. Sheila Okoth Treasurer: Dr. Hanneke Alberts, Secretary: Prof. Olusegun Atanda, Additional members: Dr. Juliet Akello, Dr. Benoit Gnonlonfin, Prof. Essam Ibraheem ternational mycotoxin initiatives ASM2015 - 1st African Symposium on Mycotoxicology Livingstone, 26-28 May 2015ASM2015 - 1st African Symposium on Mycotoxicology Livingstone, 26-28 May 2015
  • 38. 20 MycoRed Scientific Alliances 2 Twinnings SLAM NMASN MPU JSM EMAN ternational mycotoxin initiatives EU-ASIA NET
  • 39. 1. Importance of regulation EU-Africa 2. Trade aspects related to mycotoxins 3. Minimizing mycotoxin contamination in food chain 4. International mycotoxin initiatives 5. MycoKey project
  • 40. ycokey project 1 Association 23 Scientific Partners 3 Industrial Partners 5 SMEs
  • 41.  to generate innovative and integrated solutions and support stakeholders in effective and sustainable mycotoxin management along food and feed chains.  to give a sound contribution for reducing mycotoxin contamination mainly in Europe and China, significant areas for their increasing mycotoxin occurrence, growing international trade of commodities and contaminated batches. ycokey project ConsumersStorageField Industry processing Retailers storage storagetransport transport consuminggrowing
  • 42.  Smart ICT tool (MycoKey App), integrating key information and practical solutions for mycotoxin management  Rapid, customized forecasting, descriptive information on contamination risk/levels, decision support and practical economically-sound suggestions for intervention.  Targeted tools and methodologies for cost-effective application in the field and during storage, processing and transportation.  Alternative and safe ways to use contaminated batches  Strong cooperation with CHINA  Recommendations for international legislation  Awareness and information streamings worldwide ycokey project
  • 43. ycokey project MycoKey App, available in different languages, will facilitate mycotoxin risks management for stakeholders by providing timely, personalized advices to each field plot with its respective cropping factors FREE
  • 45.
  • 48. Mycokey tools - Mycokey App - Drones - Sensors - knowledge platform Mycokey new approach and data for Biocontrol Detoxification Adsorbents Biofuel Use of enxymes farmersfarmers producersproducers dealersdealers exportexport labslabs SMEsSMEs industriesindustries researchersresearchers associations consumersassociations consumers Involvement of international community for global collaboration ycokey project
  • 49. EUROPE CHINA AFRICA •Research •Technologies – ICT •Knowledge •Regulation • production • international trade • economic interest • research and knowledge • “Open pilot field/lab” for problem solving&alternative management practices • climate changes affection • global contamination exposure Inform ation and cases to be studied M ethodologies and tools Research &Technology transfer Export– trade Investments in developing areas export – risk contamination Information and data ycokey project Afla minimization
  • 50. attention to EU-China-Africa interactions to minimize mycotoxin exposure in countries with different eating habits and to guarantee EU standards in import products. International team for proposing a worldwide harmonization of regulation and limits for mycotoxins input for a future Global harmonization onGlobal harmonization on legislation and policieslegislation and policies to be proposed to international organizations (EFSA, FDA, CODEX) and shared with scientific communities (FAO, WHO, ISM, ASM, LAM, PACA, etc.) consumer associations, policy makers and legislators ycokey project MycokeyMycokey CartaCarta
  • 51. Thanks for yourThanks for your attention!attention! Antonio F. Logrieco e- mail: antonio.logrieco@ispa.cnr.it

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. EXPAND Groundnut kernel and maize earhead infected with Aspergillus flavus. Milk (contaminated with Aflatoxin M1) poured into drain. The reduction in aflatoxin standard in EU will result in one less death in EU in two years. But cost to African nations is huge. This is a non-tariff trade barrier. This is based on a World Bank study by Otsuki et al (2001). The Asian study is from Lubulwa (1996)
  2. The fungi that produce mycotoxins can invade the food and feed supply during the all food chain, that means during production, harvesting, storage and distribution-processing.
  3. Impressions of the Akkerweb portal, where you see fields, satellite image of field (biomass parameter NDVI), and dosing maps based on the NDVI and models.