1. 2002 Basic Education Curriculum
Secondary Level
Department of Education
BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
DepEd Complex, Meralco Ave., Pasig City
1

2. DESCRIPTION
The secondary English language curriculum for 2002 seeks to develop
citizenship and to address the communication needs (i.e. interpersonal, informative and
aesthetic) of Filipino students for English, which is emerging as the international lingua
franca. In line with developments in applied linguistics and pedagogy, and in
consonance with the government thrusts and globalization, this emerging English
curriculum adopts a communicative-interactive collaborative approach to learning
as well as reflection and introspection with the aim in view of developing autonomous
language learners aware of and able to cope with global trends.
Theoretical Framework
Underlying the curriculum as its theoretical framework is the prevailing theory of
language, theory of language acquisition and current pedagogical thrusts enriched
by other inputs to the curriculum such as global trends and the concomitant
requirements for global citizenship.
Where the theory of language is concerned, language is viewed as a means of
communication in the real world. Hence, the goal is to develop the four competencies-
linguistic, sociolinguistic, discoursal and strategic with emphasis on cognitive
academic language proficiency based on the students’ need for the language.
Both aforementioned theories of language and of language acquisition are in
keeping with the prevailing pedagogical emphasis on constructivism which is learner-
centered and which underscores reflection and collaboration to develop autonomy.
Through the years, government thrusts have served as an additional input to the
curriculum. In the emerging secondary education English curriculum, however, other
additional inputs have to be considered in consonance with paradigm shifts that have
taken place. These additional inputs mark the difference between this curriculum and
what preceded it.
• The advent of the information age necessitates computer literacy over and
above functional literacy
• Globalization and what it entails calls for a scrutiny of global trends and
the concomitant requirements of global citizenship
• Content-Based Instruction (CBI) underscores the need to develop
higher order thinking skills which enables one to acquire academic as well
as communicative competence
• The focus on developing learner autonomy has resulted in strategy
training in addition to skills development.
The schematic diagram, which follows, shows the inputs and outputs of the
emerging secondary English curriculum.
2

3. ∗Communication goals ∗Higher order thinking skills
∗Information exchange ∗Macro-language skills
∗ ∗Affective expression ∗Competencies (communicative
and academic)
∗Global trends
∗Global
citizenship
∗Focus on Education
(Government thrust)
∗Pillars of learning
Theoretical Basis
Theory of language
Theory of language
acquisition
Current pedagogical
thrusts
As indicated in the diagram, the prevailing theory of language, language
acquisition and pedagogical thrusts provide the theoretical basis for the curriculum. The
boxes on the sides of the figure give other inputs to the curriculum and the boxes on the
top show what the expected outputs are.
3

4. The English language curriculum provides for the development of language and
language-related skills in a meaningful purposeful and interesting manner. This is
attained through the adoption of an integrated approach in the teaching of language.
Central to the framework of this curriculum is the need for language learning that
is contextualized, interactive and integrated. This is achieved through the use of
themes covering a wide range of topics to cater to the varied interests and maturity
levels of students as they progress through their school years.
Each of the themes, explored through meaningful tasks and activities, provides
the context in which grammar and other language and language related skills are taught
and learned. Themes also provide the means for the integration of the various
language components. This integration makes language more purposeful, meaningful
and thus more motivating for the students.
UNIT CREDIT/TIME ALLOTMENT
See DepEd Order No. 37, s. 2003, “ Revised Implementing Guidelines of the
2003 Secondary Education Curriculum Effective School 2003-2004”
4

5. EXPECTANCIES
At the end of the Fourth Year the student is expected to have acquired skills of
assessing, evaluating and using relevant information to meet their various needs,
thereby enabling them to adapt and respond flexibly to a rapidly changing world; and to
have developed listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills and appreciation of
literature resulting in a deeper understanding of the ideas, experiences and cultures of
other people, customs and traditions as well as values.
At the end of the Third Year, the student is expected to utilize a variety of
sentences and expository methods in persuasion and argumentations; break down
complex sentences to get the message in different text types: journalistic, scientific,
literary and technical; and single out the devices employed in fiction works and non-
fiction works (foreshadowing, flashbacks, figurative language, etc.) used by authors for
intellectual, emotional and aesthetic purpose with emphasis on Philippine and British-
American literature.
At the end of the Second Year, the student is expected to exhibit skills in utilizing
the prosodic features in oral texts and signals and cues in written texts to follow the
development of ideas; show understanding and appreciation of the different genres with
emphasis on types contributed by Afro-Asian and Philippine countries; and to
manipulate formal devices used to combine sentences to create continuous prose
employing different rhetorical patterns.
At the end of the First Year, the student is expected to determine how sentences
are used to perform communicative acts, such as describing, defining, classifying, etc;
make use of real world knowledge and experience with emphasis on cross-cultural
items; work at the denotative meanings of a text; identify and explain different literary
types with emphasis on Philippine literature; and show appreciation of art forms and
familiarization with the more common mass media forms.
5

6. SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
First Year
Quarter 1 Getting in Touch with Self and Others
1. How do I see myself?
2. How does my family see me?
3. Through the eyes of my friends
4. I, as a member of the community
5. How informed and concerned am I about national and global
issues?
6. Reaching out to others
7. Being open to contrary opinions
8. Do I step on the right of others?
9. My relationship with God
Output: My profile: A thumbnail sketch (An autobiography, a collage or a self
portrait)
Quarter 2 I, as a Learner
1. I am a learner
2. Making sense of what I’ve learned
3. When communication bogs down
4. When memory fails me
5. Planning my learning activities
6. Becoming a resourceful learner
7. Working harmoniously with others
8. Reflecting on what I’ve done
9. Synthesizing my learning experiences
Output: My portfolio as a learner
Quarter 3 My Relationship with Nature
1. Learning from nature
2. Bounties of nature
3. Taking care of nature
4. Coping with the wrath of nature
5. The 3Rs of waste management
6. Being a responsible steward of nature
7. Communing with nature
8. Nature in us
9. Drawing inspiration from nature
Output: A campaign for change: treating nature right
Quarter 4 Science and Technology: Friend? or Foe?
1. Development in transportation
2. Development in communications
3. Medical breakthroughs
6

7. 4. Food for all
5. Consumerism
6. Science and technology master or slave?
7. Our throw- away society
8. Experiencing information overload
9. Necessity: the mother of all inventions
Output: Round table discussion on the topic: science and technology; friend or
foe?
Second Year
Quarter 1 Learning to Know
1. A wealth of knowledge
2. Learning to learn
3. Learning from experiences
4. Learning from others
5. Learning from events
6. Learning from information technology
7. An analytical learner
8. Reflecting on what I learned
9. Reflecting for an informative talk show
Output: An informative talk show related to national and global issues
Quarter 2 Learning to Be
1. Being true to ourselves
2. Tracing our roots
3. Being a nationalist
4. Being an Asian citizen
5. Being an open- minded but discerning global citizen
6. Being a team player
7. Being concerned about people
8. Being concerned about nature
9. Being responsible for one’s decisions
Output: A peace book/wall or board
Quarter 3 Learning to Become
1. Responding to differences of opinions and culture
2. Responding to personal problems
3. Responding to societal problems
4. Responding to uncertainties
5. Responding to changes
6. Responding to media
7. Taking risks
8. Listening to events
9. Time out for reflection
7

8. Output: A showcase of growth, through colors, shapes, objects, sounds and
language
Quarter 4 Learning to Do
1. Viewing problems and issues from different vantage points
2. Reading up on previous efforts
3. Noting trends
4. Drawing up plans
5. Trying things out
6. Analyzing results
7. Reflecting and evaluating processes
8. Creating new applications
9. Presenting and sharing results
Output: A project proposal and end-of-project reports
Third Year
Quarter 1 In the Realms of Thoughts
1. Seeing patterns
2. Perception versus reality
3. Reconciling contradictions
4. Breaking down walls
5. Up-down and up again: The S-curve
6. People change
7. What’s new?
8. Green housing ideas
9. Looking back, looking forward
Output: Making ideas take shape through songs, painting, collage, etc.
Quarter 2 Interactions
1. Informal interaction with people
2. Formal interaction with people
3. Interaction through technology
4. Interaction with nature
5. Interaction with ideas: A self-talk
6. Non-Verbal interactions
7. Reducing language barriers
8. Language of power
9. A Cross-cultural perspective
Output: A phrase book of basic conversational expressions
Quarter 3 Quality, not Quantity
1. Uniqueness
2. Impact
3. Multi-Modal
4. Inter-connectedness integration
8

9. 5. A work of art
6. A labor of love
7. Transcending time and space
8. Source of pride
9. Beyond the unexpected
Output: Standards of quality: a primer
Quarter 4 Making a Difference
1. People who make a difference
2. Earth-shaking events
3. Moving ideas
4. Inventions and discoveries that change the world
5. What If?
6. Both sides of the coin
7. Taking a stand
8. Refuting arguments
9. Where lies the truth?
Output: Debate
Fourth Year
Quarter 1 Education for Life
1. Learning to think
2. Expanding and refining knowledge
3. Applying for college admission or employment
4. Process and product
5. Language in the content areas
6. Developing a sense of responsibility
7. Service for others and willingness to share
8. Making my voice heard
9. Previewing and evaluating
Output: Letters of application for college admission for employment opportunities,
annotated bibliography and note cards
Quarter 2 Education for Justice
1. Sharing resources equitably
2. Tempering justice with mercy
3. In defense of life
4. Defending basic human rights
5. The culture of non-violence
6. Trial by publicity
7. Justice delayed is justice denied
8. In fairness to all
9. Speaking out in defense of others
Output: Debate and letters to the editor
9

10. Quarter 3 Education for Sustainable Development
1. Education: A lifelong process
2. Values for sustainable growth and development
3. Change is costly
4. Networking
5. Self--management
6. Concern for the environment
7. Recognizing and seizing opportunities
8. Using language to establish relationships
9. Constant self-assessment
Output: Research paper. Draft for chapters 1-3
Quarter 4 Education for Global Citizenship
1. Stressing interconnectedness
2. Looking at problems in a global context
3. Accepting cultural differences
4. Working cooperatively and responsibly
5. Thinking in a critical and systematic way
6. Going “global”
7. Adjustments and readjustments
8. Language for survival in a global culture
9. Envisioning possible, preferred, and plural future scenarios
Output: Research paper or a simple feasibility study
SUGGESTED STRATEGIES AND MATERIALS
• Process writing The students’ written expression is held to be personal,
sensitive and valued. The process suggested accepts that few, if any, writers get
their writing correct at first try. They plan, review, seek other opinions, and revise
many times. The steps of the process are variously described, one set is:
gaining and considering impressions, writing, conferencing, sharing, editing,
revising, and publication.
• Simulation games offer a model of some situation (reality) and thus allow
students to learn about that situation vicariously through competition,
cooperation, empathy, research skills, critical thinking and decision-making.
• Advance organizers designed to increase the efficiency of a student’s
information processing capabilities and relate bodies of information by presenting
introductory materials before the learning task and at a higher level of abstraction
and inclusiveness than the task itself
• Cloze involves deleting specific words (or parts of words) from a sentence
extract or story. Students are then required to fill the gap with a word that fits,
both syntactically and semantically. The value of cloze is that it can require
students to use all their reading strategies to complete the text.
10

11. • Cooperative learning in which students learn and use the skills necessary to be
effective cooperatively with all group members contributing to get a task done
and developing positive relationships at the end of the task.
• Debate aims to develop confidence and competence in oral communication and
requires participants to listen carefully, or analyze opposing points and
arguments, to anticipate criticism, to summarize concisely and clearly, and
support and rebut arguments.
Materials;
All SEDP, SEMP approved books
GRADING SYSTEM
See DepEd Order No. 37, s. 2003, “ Revised Implementing Guidelines of the
2003 Secondary Education Curriculum Effective School 2003-2004”
11

12. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
IN
INTERACTIVE SECONDARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE CURRICULUM
2002
FIRST YEAR
At the end of the first year, the student shall have developed the following
competencies:
Listening
1. Listen closely to determine what to do and what not to do in
announcements, instructions or directions given orally
1.1 Listen to instructions given in connection with classroom procedure
1.1.1 Note down details in instructions or directions given orally
1.1.2 Carry out instructions given orally
1.2 Explore opportunities offered for speedy and economical access to
information by listening to broadcasts and weather bulletins
1.2.1 Distinguish what to do and what not to do in emergency
situations (fire, earthquake, etc.)
1.2.2 Listen closely to instructions and cautions pointed out
1.2.3 Listen for specific details and warnings in weather bulletins
2. Determine the content and feeling levels of utterances
2.1 Identify the speech event, interlocutors and objective of the speaker
2.2 Note the use of intonation to express feelings
2.3 Identify attitudes and feelings signaled by prosodic features (e.g.
intonation and stress)
3. Adjust listening strategies (marginal, selective, attentive, critical) in relation
to the main purposes of listening, one’s familiarity with the topic and level
of difficulty of a text describing a process and narrating longer stories
3.1 Determine the type of listening suited to a given text
3.1.1 Use TQLR (Tune in-Question-Listen-Respond) as a strategy
to make sense of listening texts
3.1.2 Employ selective strategies to find out answers to questions
raised in a listening text
3.2 Listen to informative texts specifically descriptions of processes
3.2.1 Listen to determine steps in a process
3.2.2 Transcode descriptions of a process using flowcharts
3.2.3 Listen to explanations of specific processes noting cause-
effect relationships
12

13. 3.3 Listen to narratives
3.3.1 Infer links and connections between ideas
3.3.2 Determine the information map suited to the type of narrative
listened to
3.4 Listen to issues pertaining to the home and the family
3.4.1 Listen to class discussions on home and the family
3.4.2 Identify the place and the person speaking
3.4.3 Identify the stand of the speaker based on explicit
statements made
4. Get information from rapid speech
4.1 Listen to process speech including pauses, errors, corrections
4.1.1 Get information from rapid and “distorted” speech
4.1.2 Restate a commentary on a basketball game
4.2 Make sense of broadcasts and telecasts
4.2.1 Listen to get information on current events and issues aired
over the radio and television
5. Express appreciation for entertaining texts (anecdotes, jokes, fables, tales
in sharing sessions)
5.1 Listen to simple narratives to develop appreciative listening skills
5.1.1 Point out the (situation-problem-attempted solution-result)
discourse pattern in tales
5.1.2 Point out the distinctive features of tales, anecdotes, fables,
etc. listened to
5.1.3 Identify cause-effect relationships in anecdotes and tales
5.2 Single out the punch lines in jokes
Speaking
1. Speak in clear correct English appropriate to situations and adjust rate,
volume, and choice of register to suit the audience
1.1 Observe correct pronunciation of critical vowel and consonant
sounds
1.2 Use correct pronunciation, intonation and stress patterns, pausing,
and blending
2. Give information and express needs, opinions, feelings and attitudes in
explicit terms
2.1 Give short talks to entertain
2.2 Give and convey information obtained over the telephone and from
radio broadcasts
2.3 Use visual aids (e.g. graphs, charts, etc.) when conveying
information on topics dealing with science and mathematics
13

14. 3. Use English when offering things to classmates and teachers, and identify
the functions of utterances taking into account the context of the situation
(seeking information, giving directions, expressing approval/disapproval,
etc.)
3.1 Use gambits when offering things to classmates, teachers, etc.
3.1.1 Respond to offers made (accept, turn-down or negotiate
changes in offers made)
3.2 Give clear commands, requests and directions to get things done
3.2.1 Give instructions, prohibitions, warnings
4. Ask and answer different types of questions (yes-no, wh- questions, core
and follow-up) using the basic sentence structures and sound patterns of
English
5. Arrive at a consensus by citing proof statements
5.1 React to information shared in small group discussions
5.2 Agree/disagree with assertions and observations made in radio
broadcasts and when sharing experiences on topics dealing with
Science and Mathematics
6. Observe social and linguistic conventions in oral transactional discourse
(e.g. interview, asking, and giving directions, etc.)
6.1 Interview classmates to get to know them better
6.2 Use communication strategies (e.g. paraphrase and translation) to
make up for inadequacies in the language
6.3 Ask and give directions and instructions on specific processes
Reading
1. Get information from the different parts of a book, current information from
newspapers and data from general references in the library
1.1 Use the card catalogue to locate reference materials in the library
1.2 Use locational skills to derive data from general sources of
information: encyclopedia, dictionary
1.3 Get information from the different parts of a book
1.4 Get current information from newspapers
2. Use different reading styles to suit the text and one’s purpose for reading
2.1 Scan for specific information
2.2 Skim rapidly for major ideas using headings as guide
2.3 Read closely to find answers to specific questions, note sequence
of events, etc.
3. Use ideas and information gained from previous readings and personal
experiences to better understand a text
14

15. 3.1 Use background knowledge or schema as basis for conjectures
and hypothesis made while reading a text
3.2 Recall ideas from previous readings to better understand a given
text
4. Explain non-linear visuals most commonly used in content texts
4.1 Transcode orally and in writing the information presented in
diagrams, charts, table, graphs, etc.
4.2 Use illustrations to activate background knowledge and to get a
pictorial representation of what is discussed in the text
4.3 Give the meaning of signs and symbols used (e.g. road sign,
prohibited signs, etc.) and evaluate their effectiveness
4.4 Locate places and follow directions using a map
4.5 Transcode information in linear texts into information maps
5. Conduct a covert dialogue with the writer as a basis for predictions and
formulating hypothesis about a text
5.1 Interact with the writer by responding to statements made in the
text and using this as basis for predictions and formulating
hypothesis
5.2 Formulate and modify hypothesis based on information given in the
text
5.3 Distinguish fact from opinion, fantasy from reality
5.4 React to assertions made in the text
5.5 Make predictions and anticipate outcomes
6. Make generalizations and significant abstractions from different reading
materials designed for information, pleasure and appreciation
6.1 Show improvement of one’s command of the language as a result
of reading
6.2 Determine the concept or information map embedded in a text
7. Use structural, lexical and contextual devices in deriving the meaning of
unknown words and ambiguous and information-dense discourse
7.1 Identify the sense and reference of words in reading texts for a
better understanding of a selection
7.2 Show recognition of collocations and semantic relationships by
arranging words in clines and clusters
7.3 Single out cohesive markers that signal relationships
Writing
1. Effectively express thoughts and feelings in writing book reports and
correspondence for specific social purposes
1.1 Write personal letters
15

16. • friendly
• thank you
• excuse
• congratulatory
• condolence
1.2 Make diary entries of significant events
1.3 Write summaries in book reports
2. Give personal information in school forms and write announcements of
school events
2.1 Fill out forms needed for effective functioning in school
• library card
• enrollment/registration forms
• information sheet
• application form
2.2 Write announcements of school events
3. Produce different text types, narrative (diary entries), expository (process
explanation, interviews, etc.) and descriptive (comparison and contrast)
3.1 Write well-constructed paragraphs utilizing the macro-discourse
patterns (PSn) Problem-Solution or (TRI) Topic-Restriction-
Illustration suited to the discourse type
3.2 Use appropriate rhetorical functions and techniques to express
one’s ideas, needs, feelings and attitudes
3.3 Expand ideas in writing using cohesive devices and employing
different rhetorical modes
3.4 Use key idea sentences, support sentences, transition devices and
restatements in texts
4. Present information in graphic and non-linear texts
4.1 Take down notes utilizing information maps
• linear and cyclical flowcharts
• two-level tree diagrams
• three columnar grids
4.2 Use two-step word and phrasal outlines to organize ideas
4.3 Make a write-up of charts and graphs
5. Edit one’s composition following guidelines concerning content, format
and mechanics
6. Acknowledge resources used
6.1 Use quotation marks to enclose direct quotations from resources
6.2 Use expressions like “according to …” to indicate citations made
16

17. Literature
1. Discover Philippine literature as a means of having a better understanding
of man and his environment
1.1 Express appreciation of one’s identity and cultural heritage
1.1.1 Show appreciation for worthwhile local traditions and
practices expressed in Philippine literature and the values
they represent
1.2 Show appreciation of literature specifically Philippine literature as a
means of highlighting human rights in varied genres
1.3 Appreciate poetry and the essay expressive of the Filipino identity
and pride as a nation
2. Discover through literature the need to work cooperatively and
responsibility in today’s global village
2.1 Infer motives, attitudes and values of a character from what he
does (action/manner), says and what others say about him
2.2 Anticipate events and outcomes from a series of details or acts
3. Show understanding and appreciation of various literary types/(with
emphasis on Philippine literature) (i.e. legends, fables, myths, folktales)
3.1 Identify the elements of a literary form which distinguishes it from
other literary forms; short story, poem, essay, drama/play
3.1.1 Explain the characteristics of fables, legends, myths,
folktales
3.1.2 Single out events that form the plot of a short story
3.2 Distinguish between the language of science and the language of
literature
4. Determine the conflicts presented in literature (man vs. man, man vs.
himself, man vs. institutions) and the need to resolve those conflicts in a
non-violent way
5. State whether a literary piece affirms, modifies or changes one’s value
system
6. Edit one’s composition following guidelines concerning content, format,
and mechanics
6.1 Identify and explain poetic devices, use of local color, figurative
language and sensory images in literary forms
6.2 Point out the author’s technique for characterization
6.3 Point out and express appreciation for sense image in poems
17

18. SECOND YEAR
At the end of the second year, the student shall have developed the following
competencies:
Listening
1. Determine the social issues addressed in an informative talk, the objective
of the speaker and his attitude on the issues
1.1 Listen for clues and links to show the speaker’s trend of thought
1.1.1 Describe the speaker’s attitude towards the subject
1.1.2 Arrive at conclusions regarding the attitude of the speaker
toward his subject by noting clues and links to show the
speaker’s stand and assumptions
1.2 Explore opportunities for speedy and economical access to
information by listening to talks, informative, political, religious
2. Identify prosodic features, stress, and intonation features as carriers of
meaning that may aid or interfere in the delivery of the message in stories
and informative texts
2.1 Note prosodic features (e.g. stress, intonation, pauses) and rate of
speech as carriers of meaning
2.2 Identify changes in meaning signaled by stress, intonation and
juncture
2.3 Listen for points the speaker emphasizes as important signaled by
contrastive sentence stress
3. Employ varied listening strategies (marginal, selective, attentive, critical) to
suit the listening text and task
3.1 Supply gaps in listening texts caused by acoustic disturbance
3.1.1 Predict what is to follow considering the text type and macro
discourse pattern
3.1.2 Use context to guess items not heard in a listening text
3.2 Listen to longer stories
3.2.1 Employ projective listening strategies when listening to
stories
3.2.2 Predict outcomes from events described in stories as they
unfold
3.2.3 Listen to determine if one’s predictions are borne out
3.2.4 Listen to events and note developments in narratives as they
unfold
3.2.5 Note the dramatic effect of sudden twists in surprise endings
3.3 Listen to issues pertaining to the community
3.3.1 Identify the attitudes of the speaker on an issue
18

19. 3.3.2 Determine if the speaker is neutral, for or against an issue
4. Process speech at different rates by making inferences from what was
said
4.1 Use syntactic and lexical clues to supply items not heard in a
listening text
4.1.1 Anticipate what is to follow considering the function of the
statements made
4.2 Listen to determine conflicting information aired over the radio and
television
5. Express appreciation for oral interpretations noting harmony, unison, and
rhythm
5.1 Listen to appreciate the tune and narrative structure of ballads
5.2 Listen to appreciate harmony, unison, and rhythm in choric
interpretations
Speaking
1. Give a short, informative talk using appropriate registers to suit the
intended audience and variation in intonation and stress for emphasis and
contrast
1.1 Make use of stress and intonation for emphasis and contrast
1.2 Express feelings and attitudes by utilizing contrastive stress and
variations of tone and tempo
1.3 Use stress, intonation and juncture to signal changes in meaning
2. Give information and express needs, opinions, feelings and attitudes
explicitly and implicitly in informative talk
2.1 Formulate response to questions noting the types of questions
raised (yes-no, wh-questions alternative, modals, embedded)
2.2 Use the telephone to make inquiries
2.3 Give information obtained from mass media: newspapers, radio,
television
2.4 Use audio-visual aids to highlight important points in an informative
talk
3. Infer the function of utterance and respond accordingly taking into account
the context of the situation and the tone used (asking information, making
suggestions, expressing wants, dislikes, approval, disapproval
3.1 Respond orally to the ideas and needs expressed in face-to-face
interviews in accordance with the intended meaning of the speaker
3.2 Include instructional information and constraints
19

20. 4. Arrive at a consensus on community issues by assessing statements
made
4.1 React to information obtained from talks
4.1.1 Agree/disagree with statements and observations made
concerning community issues
4.2 Agree/disagree with statements, observations and responses made
in political and religious talks when discussing issues affecting the
community
4.3 Interview persons to get their opinions about social issues affecting
the community
5. Use appropriate turn-taking strategies (topic nomination, topic
development, topic shift, turn-getting, etc.) in extended conversation
6. Use communication strategies (e.g. paraphrase, translations, and
circumlocution) to repair break down in communication
Reading
1. Gather data using library resources consisting of general references,
atlas, periodical index, and periodicals to locate information
1.1 Use the periodical index to locate information in periodicals
1.1.1 Determine the content and stand of a newspaper
1.2 Extract and organize information from different text types
2. Adjust and vary reading speed based on one’s purpose for reading and
the type of materials read
2.1 Use different reading styles to suit the text and one’s purpose for
reading
2.2 Scan rapidly for sequence signals or connectors as basis for
determining the rhetorical organization of texts
3. Demonstrate the ability to activate background knowledge (e.g. use
advance organizers, illustrations, comprehension, questions, titles, etc.) to
better understand a text
3.1 Relate ideas from previous readings to a given text
4. Demonstrate the ability to interpret and if necessary reproduce in linear
verbal forms and graphics relationships calling for inferential
interpretations
4.1 Interpret and compare orally or in writing information presented in
tables, charts, graphs, etc.
4.2 Choose the chart (flow chart, tree diagram or grid) most suited to
illustrate thought relationships in a given text
4.3 Organize information into a concept map
20

21. 5. Utilize varied reading strategies (covert dialogue with the writer and the
sectional approach) to process information in a text
5.1 Note the function of statements made as the text unfolds and use it
as the basis of predicting what is to follow
5.2 Suggest modifications to be made considering the context of the
situation when the text was written
5.3 Distinguish between facts and opinion and note expressions that
signal opinions (seems, as I see it)
5.4 Identify propaganda strategies used in advertisements and other
texts and consider these when formulating hypothesis concerning
claims made
5.5 Abstract information from the text by noting both explicit and implicit
signals used by the writer to serve as directions on how the text is
to be interpreted
6. Develop the ability and the desire to read different text types for
information, pleasure and appreciation
6.1 Derive from the written text varied ways of expressing an idea
7. Develop strategies to make sense of unfamiliar words, ambiguous
sentence structures, and information-dense discourse
7.1 Arrange words in a cline to differentiate between shades of
meaning
7.2 Guess the meaning of idiomatic expressions by noting keywords in
expressions, context clues, collocations, clusters or related words,
etc.
7.3 Get the meaning of complex sentence structures by deleting
expansions to come up with the kernel sentence
Writing
1. Communicate thoughts, feelings, one’s needs in letters, journal entries,
book reviews, interview write-ups, etc. using appropriate styles (formal
and informal)
1.1 Employ the interactional functions of language in pen-pal letters,
letters of invitation, “yes” and “no” letters
1.2 Write reflections on learning experiences in diary and journal
entries
1.3 Summarize and write reactions to books read (book reviews) or
movies seen (movie review)
1.4 Prepare interview guides and make a write-up of an interview
2. Accomplish forms (school, evaluation, survey) and order slips and prepare
posters and captions calling attention to drives
2.1 Fill out personal data sheets (school forms, bank forms, etc.)
21

22. 2.2 Accomplish order slips, telecom forms
2.3 Call attention to school events and drives
2.3.1 Make captions for posters
2.3.2 Write slogans
2.3.3 Prepare advertisements for school drives
3. Write different types of discourse: narration (personal experiences),
exposition (book reviews) and description (apparatus, objects, etc.)
3.1 Write well-constructed texts employing alternative forms of the
overall macro discourse patterns
P-Sn Situation, Problem, Attempted Solution-Result-Evaluation
TRI Topic-Restriction, Topic-Illustration, and Topic-Restriction-
Illustration
3.2 Use appropriate modes of development to express one’s ideas,
needs, feelings, and attitudes
3.3 Expand ideas using a variety of and cohesive devices to make the
flow of thought from one sentence to another smooth and effortless
3.4 Write short personal narratives to support an assertion
4. Organize ideas in non-linear texts
4.1 Use information maps and other concept maps as aids in note
taking
• Linear, branching, cyclical flow-charts
• Three-level tree diagrams
• Grids
4.2 Use three-step word, phrasal and sentence outlines to organize
ideas
4.3 Explain in writing the data presented in non-linear texts
5. Do self and peer-editing using a set of criteria
6. Use writing conventions to indicate acknowledgement of resources
Literature
1. Discover Philippine and Afro Asian literature as a means of expanding
experiences and outlook and enhancing worthwhile universal human
values
1.1 Express appreciation for worthwhile Asian traditions and the values
they represent
1.2 Assess the Asian identity as presented in Asian literature
1.3 Assess one’s self in the light of what makes an Asian
1.4 Identify one’s self with other people through literature and note
cultural differences so as to get to the heart of problems arising
from them
22

23. 2. Discover literature as a means of having a better understanding of man
and the forces he has to contend with
2.1 Discover through literature the symbiotic relationship between man
and his environment and the need of the former to protect the latter
2.2 Demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to the needs of others for a
better understanding of man
2.3 Discover through literature the links between one’s life and the lives
of the people throughout the world
2.4 Highlight the need for a more just and equitable distribution of
resources
3. Show understanding and appreciation of the different genres with
emphasis on types contributed by Asian countries (i.e. haiku, tanka etc.)
3.1 Point out the elements of plays and playlets
3.2 Determine the macro discourse patterns (PSNTRI) of essays and
the micro discourse signals used to establish meaning relationships
in the essay
4. Point out the role of literature in enabling one to grow in personhood
4.1 Note the values underscored by the writer in literary pieces
4.2 Distinguish literature s a means of gaining vicarious experiences
4.3 Discriminate what is worthwhile from what is not through literature
4.3.1 Distinguish as a positive value the ability to look into oneself
and to accept one’s strengths and weaknesses
4.3.2 Single out humility, resourcefulness and self-reliance
5. Employ reading skills as an aid in comprehension and appreciation of a
literary piece
5.1 Select appropriate details from a selection (i.e. contrasts,
illustration, etc.) used by an essayist to attain his objective (to
persuade, to inform, to call attention, etc.)
5.2 Point out how the choice of title space allotment, imagery, choice of
words, figurative language, etc. contribute to the theme
5.2.1 Single out and explain figurative language used
5.2.2 Point out and express appreciation of sensory images in
literary forms
5.3 Show relationship between the man idea and significant details
5.4 Draw conclusions and make inferences based on details/specific
ideas
5.5 Determine the author’s tone and purpose for writing a literary
selection
5.6 Paraphrase passages to demonstrate understanding
23

24. THIRD YEAR
At the end of the third year, the student shall have developed the following
competencies:
Listening
1. Show openness when listening to statements contrary to one’s beliefs
1.1 Take into account the context and situations that gave rise to
statements contrary to one’s stand
1.1.1 Take note of cultural differences underlying contradictory
views
1.2 Explore opportunities for obtaining varied views on a given issue by
listening to debates and talk shows
1.2.1 Infer links and connections between ideas
2. Determine the claims, perspectives, assumptions, and the line of
argumentation in oral presentations
2.1 Listen for important points signaled by pausing and a slow rate of
speech
2.2 Identify explicit signals given by the speaker (e.g. “this is
important…”) to underscore a point
2.3 Listen for clues to enable one to tune in to the topic discussed
3. Shift from one listening strategy to another depending on the text and
one’s purpose for listening
3.1 Shift from marginal to attentive listening depending on the topic
listened to
3.1.1 Employ listening strategies suited to the type of text
3.1.2 Use attentive listening with informative texts and critical
listening with argumentative texts
3.1.3 Use TLQR (Tune-in to raise Questions, then Listen and
Respond) when listening to informative and argumentative
texts
3.2 Listen to argumentative discourse
3.2.1 Listen to single out reasons cited in argumentative texts
3.2.2 Determine the logic of arguments cited
3.2.3 Determine the stand of a speaker on a given issue
3.2.4 Determine the assumptions underlying the arguments of a
speaker
3.2.5 Determine the effectiveness of closing statements in
arguments
3.3 Listen to social, moral and economic issues affecting the nation
3.3.1 Listen to get the different sides to an issue in panel
discussions
24

25. 3.3.2 Identify the speaker’s stand on an issue by noting explicit
and implicit signals (e.g. choice of words to highlight or
downplay assertions made)
4. Process speech at different rates when listening to informative and
argumentative texts
4.1 Determine what was left out and highlighted in informative and
argumentative talks
4.1.1 Listen to determine the worth of ideas based on a set of
criteria
4.1.2 Listen to determine whether conclusions are logical or
illogical
4.1.3 Determine inconsistencies
4.1.4 Pick out discrepancies in supporting ideas
4.1.5 Determine the information map suited to informative
classificatory texts (tree diagrams), informative process texts
(flow charts), and contrastive argumentative texts (grid)
4.2 Compare the stand and attitudes of newscasters and panel
discussants
5. Express appreciation of award-winning protest and patriotic songs and
radio plays
5.1 Listen to appreciate the sound effects and dramatic interpretations
employed in radio plays
5.2 Listen to appreciate the melody, rhythm, and words of award
winning songs used as musical themes in movies
Speaking
1. Give a persuasive talk on an issue adjusting one’s rate/volume of
speaking and register to suit the topic, audience and setting in a
communication situation
1.1 Use pausing and a slow rate of speech to signal important points in
one’s talk
1.2 Use explicit signals (e.g. ”This is important…”) to underscore or
highlight a point in one’s talk
2. Give information and express needs, opinions, feelings, and attitudes
implicitly through analogy
2.1 Elicit and give information using different types of questions and
seek clarification and verification of responses made
2.2 Present arguments in debates and argumentative texts
2.3 Give information obtained from varied sources: talks, periodicals,
mass media
2.4 Use technological aids when conveying information (e.g. projectors)
25

26. 3. Use form, function, and context to express one’s intended meaning
4. Arrive at a consensus by reconciling views
4.1 React critically to issues raised in talk shows and discussions of
issues affecting the nation
4.2 Agree/disagree with assertions made, justify one’s stand and
suggest modifications in open forums following informative talks,
panel discussions and debates on national issues
5. Use conversational gambits in face-to-face interactions to obtain
information, express modified agreements, etc.
5.1 Conduct ambush interviews to determine opinion on issues
affecting the nation
5.2 Use verbal (paraphrase, translation, circumlocution) as well as non-
verbal communication strategies and communication check to
forestall and repair breakdown in communication
6. Use verbal (paraphrase, translation, circumlocution) as well as non-verbal
communication strategies in extended oral reports
Reading
1. Gather data using library resources, newspapers, other print materials
(periodicals, brochures, pamphlets) and non-print resources like audio and
video tapes
2. Adjust and vary reading styles to suit the text, one’s background
knowledge of the topic discussed and one’s purpose for reading
2.1 Scan rapidly for sequence signals or connectors as basis for
determining the macro discourse pattern and rhetorical organization
of the texts
2.2 Suit one’s reading style to the different text types: informative,
journalistic, and literary
3. Demonstrate the ability to use titles and sub-titles as a means of getting
an overview of the text and linking it with previous knowledge of the topic
3.1 Assess a text in the light of previous readings
3.2 Assess advance organizers, titles, sub-titles, illustrations, etc. in the
light of information given in a text
4. Demonstrate the ability to interpret and transcode information from linear
to non-linear texts and vice versa
4.1 Interpret and match information presented in diagrams with
corresponding reading texts
26

27. 4.2 Demonstrate the ability to use varied ways of organizing
information (outlining, graphic representation, etc.)
4.2.1 Take down notes from a reading text using abbreviations,
symbols, and diagrams
5 Use varied approaches to make sense of and develop appreciation of
different text types (covert dialogue with the writer, the sectional approach
discourse analysis)
5.1 Use genre analysis as a means of determining the written
conventions of different text types
5.2 Note the new data provided as the text unfolds and use them as
basis for modifying expanding or affirming hypothesis made
5.3 Re-structure original hypothesis to incorporate new information and
avoid sweeping generalizations
5.4 Note the use of emotion-laden terms to express opinions
5.5 React critically to what is read by judging the relevance and worth
of ideas, soundness of the author’s reasoning, and the
effectiveness of the presentation
5.5.1 Express emotional reactions to what is explicitly stated and
implied in a text
6 Choose from varied reading materials/designed to give information and
pleasure, and to develop appreciation for reading
6.1 Utilize reading as a means of developing language skills
6.2 Express emotional reaction to what is explicitly stated and implied
in the text
7 Employ varied strategies to make sense of unknown words (word
derivations, context clues, word analysis, etc.) and ambiguous sentences
(e.g. processing kernel and embedded clauses)
7.1 Identify the derivation of words
7.2 Arrive at the meaning of words through context clues, word analysis
(root words, affixes, compounds)
7.3 Use structural analysis on the word, sentence, and discourse levels
to make sense of a text
7.4 Note the strategies employed (restatements, definition, synonyms,
antonyms) to clarify meanings in a given selection
7.5 Identify the features of the written language that distinguish it from
the spoken form (e.g. “according to”, “may we conclude”, “as
previously stated”, “the following points to consider”, etc.)
7.6 Pick out cohesive devices/discourse markers which introduce
conclude topics
27

28. Writing
1. Express opinion in writing (e.g. stand on certain issues, complaints, etc.)
and write summaries of survey reports on a given issue
1.1 Call attention in writing to good/objectionable practices in open
letters, letters of commendation and complaint
1.2 Express in writing satisfaction or dissatisfaction over services,
performances, etc. (e.g. plays, movies, etc.) in journal entries,
reviews
1.3 Prepare survey forms and make a write-up of survey results
1.4 Write a library research paper on a national issue
2. Fill out forms in line with business promotions and give information
concerning group undertakings and activities
2.1 Accomplish business promotion forms
• warranty return forms
• raffle contest forms
2.2 Prepare notices, agendas and minutes of meetings
2.3 Call attention to school events and drives
3. Demonstrate imagination in writing different text types: narratives both in
text and script forms, description, definition, critiques of a movie or play
3.1 Write texts with the overall text structure (P-Sn or TRI) and generic
structure in mind suited to the text type
3.2 Suit the rhetorical techniques and functions to the objective and
purpose of the written discourse
3.3 Produce a unified text by using cohesive devices, coordination and
subordination to enhance clarity of ideas, and the appropriate
micro-discourse signals to establish meaning relationships
3.4 Provide examples and illustrations as well as non-examples to
clarify definitions of abstract concepts
4. Use maps and other non-linear texts to present information
4.1 Use concept maps (linear, bubble, tree diagrams, grids) to show
relationships between and among ideas abstracted from texts
4.2 Use different types of outline (word, phrasal, clausal) to organize
ideas
4.3 Make a write-up of non-linear texts used to present information
5. Give and respond to feedback on how to revise compositions or refine
ideas by citing details, giving explanations, examples where necessary
6. Use bibliographic and footnote entries to acknowledge citations made in a
research paper
28

29. Literature
1. Pick out worthwhile human experiences underscored in Philippine, English
and American literature
1.1 Single out the Eastern and Western cultural values evident in our
heritage as a result of historical development
1.1.1 Express appreciation for Filipino cultural values and its
similarities to or differences from English-American values
1.2 Show appreciation for Western traditions, practices and the values
they represent
1.2.1 Underscore the Western values of candid frankness and
humor as presented in British and American literature
1.2.2 Stress the importance of task-orientedness and efficiency as
values worth emulating
2. Discover literature as a means of understanding man and society (i.e. the
bonds/links between man and society) as presented in Philippine, English
and American literature
2.1 Sow a keener sense of values that last in spite of changes brought
about by science and technology
2.2 React to experiences or actions of the characters in relation to real
life situations
2.3 Express the belief that people can change their ways depending on
their motivation and determination as shown in literature
2.4 React to the experiences of the characters in relation to real life
situations
2.5 Analyze and explain how the environment influences the person’s
character and actions
2.6 Deduce recurring themes underscored in literary pieces
3. Show understanding and appreciation of varied genres focusing on the
contributions of British and America (i.e. sonnets, short stories, etc.)
3.1 Note the form and functions of different types and sub-types of
texts
3.2 Differentiate comedy from tragedy, formal from informal essays
3.3 Trace the development of character and conflict in narratives and
dramas, and discuss the devices used to achieve unity of effect
3.4 Determine the objective of the essayist and the means employed to
attain them
4. State the effect of a literary piece on one’s value system
4.1 React to the values underlying responses to situations in literary
pieces
4.2 Single out worthwhile human values
4.3 Point out one’s attitudes that contribute to a person’s values
29

30. 5. Single out the devices employed in fiction works and non-fiction works
(foreshadowing, flashbacks, figurative language, etc.) used by the author
for intellectual, emotional and aesthetic purposes
5.1 Account for the devices used by a writer to highlight significant
points in a text
5.1.1 Interpret and explain figurative language used to achieve
certain effects and assess it in the light of its contributions to
the overall theme of the selection
5.1.2 Point out and express appreciation for the author’s choice of
words
5.1.3 React to the figurative language used in the selection
5.2 Point out relationships of time, place, cause-effect, general
concepts, examples, analogy, etc. used by the writer to underscore
the theme of the selection
5.3 Point out the sequencing of details and account for such
sequencing
30

31. FOURTH YEAR
At the end of the fourth year, the student shall have developed the following
competencies:
Listening
1. Show courtesy while listening to the ideas and feelings of others
1.1 Listen attentively to what is uttered
1.2 Allow the speaker to expound on the topic before reacting to what
is said
2. Derive information that can be used in everyday life from news reports,
speeches, informative talks, panel discussions, etc.
2.1 Explore opportunities for obtaining comprehensive information and
varying perspectives by listening to global television newscasts
2.2 Point out the effectiveness of the devices used by the speaker to
attract and hold the attention of the listener
2.3 Identify the roles of discourse markers (e.g. conjunctions, gambits,
adverbs) in signaling the functions of statements made
2.4 Identify implicit and explicit signals-verbal as well as non-verbal
used by a speaker-to-highlight important points
2.4.1 Single out direct and indirect signals used by a speaker
2.5 Respond to intonation used to signal information structure
3. Assess the effectiveness of listening strategies employed considering the
text types, the listening task and one’s purpose for listening
3.1 Match the strategy employed with the type of text, the objective of
the listener and the level of difficulty of the text
3.1.1 Demonstrate flexibility in switching from one strategy to
another in accordance with the situation and text type
3.1.2 Employ analytical listening in problem solving
3.1.3 Use varied approaches (e.g. selective listening TQLR, etc.)
to process listening tasks
3.2 Listen to detailed reports, lecturettes and issues
3.2.1 Listen to take down notes from lecturettes or oral reports
3.2.2 Determine when to listen and when to take down notes in
lecturettes or oral reports
3.2.3 Listen to determine what further elucidation is needed in a
report or a lecture
3.2.4 Listen to supply items not heard in reports and lecturettes
3.2.5 Use prosodic as well as lexical clues to distinguish important
points in a lecture
3.2.6 Determine the content and functions of statements in a
lecture
31

32. 3.3 Listen to global issues
3.3.1 Listen to get different viewpoints on global issues in talk
shows
3.3.2 Listen to get specific information from global television
newscasts
4. Process speech at different rates when evaluating tasks and taking down
notes
4.1 Assess the effectiveness of a material listened to with a view of
determining the speaker’s purpose and assessing whether it was
achieved or not
4.1.1 Give reactions to what was said
4.1.2 Analyze what was heard on the bases of a given set of
criteria
4.1.3 Analyze and evaluate listening texts in point of accuracy,
validity, adequacy and relevance
5. Show appreciation for songs, poems, plays, etc.
5.1 Listen to appreciate varies types of dramatic oral interpretations
and songs with emphasis on protest songs
5.1.1 Note the prosodic pattern used in dramatic readings
5.1.2 Listen to chamber theater and reader’s theater presentations
5.1.3 Describes the emotional appeal of a piece
5.2 Give the theme/message of protest songs
Speaking
1. Speak clearly and spontaneously adapting one’s speech to situations,
circumstances and people addressed
1.1 Use accompanying non-verbal language clues (e.g. gestures) to
highlight significant points in extended discourse
2. Use appropriate language, idioms, figurative language, analogy to express
one’s feelings, thoughts and ideas
2.1 Ask and respond to questions raised in different situations e.g.
interviews, open forums, giving directions, etc.
2.2 Express varied outlooks on a given issue
2.3 Give information obtained from the internet and other sources
2.4 Use interactive media as aids when conveying information
2.4.1 Analyze and use sales psychology that underlies
advertisements on radio and television when conveying
information
2.4.2 Use idioms in expressing one’s feelings and attitudes
3. Employ alternative ways of expressing speech acts and functions
32

33. 4. Arrive at a consensus by resorting to varied strategies, assessment,
negotiation and accommodation
4.1 Analyze and react critically to ideas presented in speeches, news
reports, discussed, etc.
4.2 Indicate affirmation of and/or objections to ideas expressed in
discussion on global issues
4.2.1 Agree/disagree with panelists expressing varied outlooks on
a given issue
5. Observe conversation strategies in face-to-face extended oral interactions
5.1 Interview business and educational establishments to determine
their policies and social orientation
5.2 Use verbal and non-verbal communication strategies to forestall
and repair communication breakdown
6. Analyze and react critically to ideas presented in speeches, news reports,
discussions, etc.
Reading
1. Derive information from various text types (journalistic, literary, scientific,
practical, technical, etc.) and sources using the card catalogue, vertical file
index, microfiche, CD-ROM, Internet, etc.
1.1 Use locational skills to gather and synthesize information from
general and first hand sources of information
1.2 Get information from websites through the Internet
1.3 Distinguish between primary and secondary sources of information
1.4 Extract accurately the required information from sources read and
reject irrelevant information
2. Adjust and vary reading speed and style to suit the text, one’s background
knowledge and purpose in reading, and the constraints of the material
read
2.1 Employ different processing approaches (discourse analysis, genre
analysis, SQ3R, P2RST) best suited to a given text
2.2 Scan for specific meanings and information
3. Demonstrate the ability to use previous experiences as a scaffold for
processing information in a given text
3.1 Test new insights against previous learnings
3.2 Synthesize previous learnings with new insights
3.3 Note the effectiveness of textual aids like advance organizers,
titles, sub-titles, non-linear illustrations, etc. in activating
background relevant to the selection
33

34. 4. Explain visual-verbal relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, information
maps commonly used in context area texts
4.1 Transcode information from linear to non-linear texts and vice-versa
4.2 Explain illustrations and schematic diagrams in Science and
Technology texts
5. Show familiarity with the argumentation and rhetorical conventions of a
discipline
5.1 Note the functions of statement as they unfold
5.2 Consider the data that might disconfirm hypothesis
5.3 Examine opinions for bias
5.4 Determine the validity and adequacy of proof statements to support
assertions
5.5 React critically to the devices employed by a writer to achieve his
purpose
5.6 React to assertions and proof statements made in a text and how
they are presented
6. Show discrimination in the choice of reading materials designed to give
information and pleasure and to develop appreciation for reading
6.1 Utilize reading as a means of improving one’s language skills
7. Develop strategies for coping with unknown words and ambiguous
sentence structures and discourse
7.1 Identify the derivation of words
7.2 Define words from context and through word analysis (prefix, roots,
suffixes)
7.3 Use collocations of difficult words as aids in unlocking vocabulary
7.4 Arrive at the meaning of structurally complex and ambiguous
sentences by kernel sentences as from modification structures and
expansions
Writing
1. Organize one’s thoughts and adopt then appropriate writing style in letters,
resumes, critiques, etc. with the addresses-audience in mind
1.1 Write letters of application (job and/or admission to a university)
and the accompanying documents (e.g. resume)
1.2 Use the interactional and transactional functions of language in
letters of appeal, inquiry, etc.
1.3 Put down in writing in journal entries reflections and insights
resulting from “growth-in-personhood” experiences
1.4 Write a research paper on a global issue
1.4.1 Analyze, choose and synthesize information from varied
resources
34

35. 1.4.2 Employ varied strategies (condensing, deleting, combining,
embedding) when summarizing materials read
2. Fill out application forms (school, job, bank, etc.) and write project
proposals
2.1 Prepare school project proposals, on-going project evaluation and
end-of-the-project reports
3. Produce different text types and sub-types (e.g. descriptions, essays,
critique, reviews)
3.1 Organize information in texts bearing in the mind the overall macro-
discourse pattern and generic structure suited to the objective of
the written discourse
3.2 Utilize alternative forms that may be used with the different
rhetorical functions and techniques (e.g. varied types of definitions;
different micro-discourse signals for cause-effect)
3.3 Expand ideas in well-constructed paragraphs observing cohesion,
coherence and the appropriate modes of paragraph development
4. Transcode information from linear to non-linear texts and vice-versa
4.1 Employ concept mapping (circle, bubble, bridge, linear, etc.) as
aids in taking down notes and organizing ideas
4.2 Use outlines to sum up ideas taken from or to be expanded into
texts
4.3 Use non-linear text outlines and notes as aids in the preparation of
a research paper
4.4 Make a write-up of the visuals used in texts (visual-verbal
relationship)
5. Give and respond to feedback on one’s paper in the revision process
6. Show respect for intellectual property rights by acknowledging citations
made in reports and research
• quotation marks or hanging indentions for direct quotes
• internal footnoting
• bibliographic entries of text cited from books and periodicals
Literature
1. Show appreciation for the significant human experiences expressed in
various types of literary genres in world literature
1.1 Identify the values reflected in various text types in world literature
1.2 Show value and respect for diversity evident in world literature
1.3 Point out how writers build a system of values through their
selection of words and details and the way they shape reality
35

36. 2. Express the belief that people can make a difference as highlighted in
literature
2.1 Abstract from literary works how local and global are inter-
connected in our daily lives
2.2 Respond to the idea of “cultural imperialism” in the global scenarios
presented in literature
2.3 Stress the universality of generosity and service to others as
reflected in world literature
3. Show the difference in the generic structure of various literary types
across cultures: for narratives, drama, essays, etc.
3.1 Differentiate between journalistic literary, scientific texts where
situations and text structures are concerned
3.2 Point out the interdependence of plot, setting and characterization
in narratives to achieve the author’s purpose
3.2.1 Note the time line in narratives: historical, flashback,
juxtaposition
3.2.2 Describe the various types of conflict evident in the selection
3.2.3 Deduce the themes from narratives
3.3 Determine the information map used by an essayist in his essay
3.3.1 Determine the rhetorical functions and techniques used in
essays
3.4 Pick out the elements that distinguish drama as a literary form and
explain dramatic devices
4. Show a keener sense of value for what is worthwhile through exposure to
literature
4.1 Discriminate between positive and negative values
4.2 Indicate commitment to social justice and equality as portrayed in
world literature
4.3 Show concern for the environment for sustainable development
5. Discuss and react to the literary techniques and styles (e.g. choice of
symbols, imagery, juxtaposition) adapted by an author to achieve his
purpose
5.1 Single out imagery and poetic devices (e.g. figurative language,
rhyme, etc.) used for unity of effect and express appreciation for its
use
5.2 Identify flashback, foreshadowing, juxtaposition and their
contribution to the text structure
36

37. SAMPLE LESSON PLAN
First Year
QUARTER 3 MY RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE
Week 6 Being a responsible steward of nature
I. OBJECTIVES:
After going through the activities in this weekly plan, the students will be
able to do the following:
1. Determine the objective of a listening piece, who is referred to and what is
talked about
2. Observe correct pronunciation of critical consonant sounds : /f/, /v/, /sh/,
/ch/ and /dzh/
3. Arrive at a consensus
4. Use prepositions to show location and direction
5. Arrange in a cluster words that go together
6 Give the meanings of idiomatic phrases
7. Note the change in the reactions of a character and single out
the cause of the change
8. Use literature as a resource for developing a better understanding
of man and his environment
9. Determine the macro discourse pattern (Problem-Solution) of a selection
10. Carry out instructions in sketching activities focusing on prepositions
11. Transcode information obtained from a listening text into a grid
12. Verbalize that for sustainable development we should not deplete our
natural resources
13. Write a text on how one might help in the conservation of our natural
resources
14. Express feelings about man’s treatment of nature.
II. SUBJECT MATTER:
Reading Selections
1. “The Destruction of Mother Earth” by Lolita M. Andrada
2. “The Bad Fisherman”
Listening Texts and Instructional Aids
1. “What Kind of Stewards Are We?”
2. Information and semantic maps: grid, cluster
3. Sketching activity
References
1. English 1 SEDP
2. English Arts I by Edna Alcala and Lourdes Ribo
3. The MST English Quarterly Vol. 1980
4. The MST English Quarterly 1970
37

38. III. Procedure:
A. Preparation
1. Pre-listening
a. Recall of previous lessons to tie them up with the current
week’s theme.
1. What have you learned about our relationship with nature so far?
2 .Who should take care of nature?
3. What will happen if we do not take care of her?
b. Our lesson this week will center on how we can be “responsible
stewards of nature”
2. Listening (Depending on the ability of the class you may choose
to take up one text a day as the listening activity)
a . Listen to three texts and write down in column 2 of the chart the
objective of the speaker. Is it to call attention to a worthy cause or to
a malpractice?
Text no. Objectives Person/Company Problem
Referred to
1.
2
3.
b. Listen again and determine the person or company referred to. Enter
your answer in column 3 of the chart.
c. Listen to the text a third time and enter in the chart the problem talked
about.
3 Post listening
a. What helped you determine the problem that was talked about?
b. How did you single out the person or company referred to?
c. How did you determine if the objective of the speaker was to call
attention to a worthy cause or a malpractice?
4. Speaking (Pronunciation – the sets may be spread out, one set a day for
the five days of the week.)
a. Critical sounds
Here are words taken from the texts you listened to or will read this
week. These words contain sounds difficult for Filipino learners of
English because they may not be present in our language. Say these
words after me paying attention to the sound given to the underlined
letters.
- f-
fish flowed suffocated
found filings affected
forests fishermen testified
food Philippines lifts
fortunately enough
38

39. -v- (dzh) - ch –
villagers judge children
villain jobs rich
verdict imagine inch
have oxygen much
river endangered launched
conservation bridge nature
livelihood general fortunately
- sh –
shot decision conservation
wash nation destruction
washing attention population
fish prevention
b. Blending and vocabulary (Phrase – strip activity and practice)
1. Here are phrases taken from the texts listened to and other texts you
will read. Place the strips containing the phrases under the column that
show the relationship signaled by the underlined preposition in the
phrase. Does it signal position, that is location or direction specifically
movement.
* To be written on the board
Prepositions showing Prepositions indicating
____________________ _____________________
position (location) direction (movement)
_____________________ _____________________
* To be distributed to small groups of students, one strip per group for
them to decide whether the underlined preposition in their strip signals
position or direction and to place the strip in the proper column.
in Bolinao, Pangasinan
fishpens in the area
fish in the pens
plant life in the water
in our country
in Mindoro
copper filings in the
washings
39

40. fished in the river
swoops down to our
forest
lifts upwards monkeys
shot down by hunters
washings from the mine
flowed down
found its way into the
nearby river
pointed to the mine
look at her
abuse suffered from the
hands of the villain
cast a glance at the
plaintiff
2. Say the phrases after me. Be sure to blend the sounds joined by
curve lines.
fish in the pens lifts upward
hands of the villain found the way into the river
in our country cast a glance at the plaintiff
A. Presentation
1. Sketching Activity focusing on prepositions indicating position on
location (in the form of a contest).
a. A rectangle is sketched on the board to symbolize a box.
40

41. b. These prepositions are written on strips of paper and distributed to
some students.
in inside high above
on outside way below
under beside (to the right)
between next (to the left)
in between by (not too close to it)
adjacent to
c. The students are to put a dot to show its location in relation to the
rectangle. Feedback is given. Here are some possible representations.
in or inside high above (also outside) beside (to the right)
or by (not too close)
next (to the left) or
on or outside way below under by ( not too close) or
adjacent to
between or in between
2. Matching Activity focusing on prepositions indicating direction. These
directions are written on strips and the sketches are placed on cards.
41

42. This time the students are to look at the direction or movement
indicated by the arrow in relation to the rectangle, the dot or another
arrow.
Expessions
up upward down downward
outward into
inward out of
along around from
alongside through away from
side by side upon to towards
over with
under without
Sketches Note: The expected responses are given under the sketches.
(up or upward) (down or downward) outwarsd or out of
inward or into through along, alongside or
side by side
upon to or towards from or away from
42

43. around
·
over under with without
C. Practice
1. On prepositions indicating location
Here are a number of possible exercises
a. Distribute scenic views (calendar, postcards, etc.) to small groups. Have
each group give sentences indicating what is found in the scene using the
prepositions indicating location. They are to mention what might be seen
in the background, in the middle ground and in the foreground.
b.. Have the students pair off and take turns indicating landmarks close to
their homes. They are to use prepositions indicating location.
c. Let the class play a guessing game. One student thinks of a notable place
or building in the community. The class take turns asking yes-no and wh
questions to find out what might be found in the vicinity of that place or
building. After they have gathered enough clues,they are to guess what
that place or building is.
2. On prepositions indicating direction
a. Have the students come up with the prepositions to complete this text about
“A Day at theBeach.”
Last weekend we went h the beach. We got a boat and
i The beach we rowed out isea. A lot of fish swam
our boat. Some swam i it. We even some flying fish jump i
the waves. Our boat went and with the rolling waves. While we
were going i the bay, the waters started to beome rough. We paddled
the choppy waters and retunred i the shore. It was indeed
a boat ride to remember.
b. Divide the class into groups and have them prepare a paragraph
similar to the one worked on using prepositions signaling direction.
Here are some topics thay mught want to develop.
43

44. 1) Malling
2) Camping in the wilds
3) Mountain climbing
B. Enrichment
1. Taking up the reading selection
a. Pre-reading
1) Here are words that are associated with each other because
they have to do a court case. Arrange them in a cluster to
show how they are related to one another.
accused banged the gavel
clerk of court decision of the court
court testified against
judge hear the verdict
plaintiff the case was lost
guilty
2. Demonstrate these actions
looked askance cleared his throat
cast a glance banged the gavel
looked at the accused, no pity in his eyes
3. Answer these questions
a) Which of these two descriptions of a court case has a more
negative meaning: sensitive case or sordid case?
b) What does scoops mean in this sentence?
The press have been pressuring him for scoops on the case
c.) Do these sentences have similar, opposite or unrelated meanings:
His case was lost His fate was sealed
44

45. d) Who was Pilate? Which famours case did he preside over? What
did he show when he “washed his hands off the case”?
e) When do you say a sight is horrendous?
Are pockmarks pleasant or unpleasant to look at?
e) When do you say a person would not “budge an inch”? Will he give
In, stay put, or avoid taking sides?
b. Reading
As you read the text, look for answers to these questions:
1. What case is talked about?
2. Who is the plaintiff?
3. Who is the accused?
4 .Who testified against the accused?
5. The first paragraph talks about the feelings of the judge before
the trial and the second paragraph shows how he felt during the
trial. What did he feel during the pre-trial? What about during
the trial? Pick out the expressions that show how and why he
felt that way. What brought about the change?
45

46. The Destruction of Mother Earth
Lolita M. Andrada
The judge looked at the gathering crowd in the court. It was a
highly sensitive case he was handling. The press had been pressuring
him for scoops on the case, but he wouldn’t budge an inch for fear of
criticism from the general public. He wanted to play Pilate and wash his
hands off the sordid case, but moral guilt had made him stay on. And now
comes that day when the decision had to be made.
The judge cast a glance at the bedraggled face of the plnaintiff. It
was Mother Earth, her whole body sdtill bearing the pockmarks of
destruction. The judge couldn’t bear to look at her nor recall the abuse
that she suffered from the hands of the villain. Mother Earth was a
horrendous sight. The Judge then looked at the accused, no pity in his
eyes. With a grim face, the Judge banged the gavel to silence the crowd.
The clerk of court then cleared his throat to read the decision of the
courth. The accused was called to hear the verdict. Nations had testified
against him and the accused knew even before that his case was lost.
The accused was Man and as he stood there waiting for the decision, he
knew that his fate was sealed. He would be judged “Guilty!”
C. Post Reading
1) Processing the answer to the questions raised earlier.
2) In small groups, discuss your answers to these questiions.
a) If you were the lawyer of the accused, what defense would
you put up ?
If I were the lawyer of the accused,
I would say. . . .
I would point out that . . .
b) If you were the judge, would you have arrived at the same
decision?
How would you feel about his decision?
I believe
feel that the judge was . . .
c. What sentence would you pass on man?
Why?
I think I would -------------------------------because --
46

47. d. What punishment would you mete out to him? Why?
Personally I would ____ because
As I see it, ___________
D. In bright classes, the students may role play a mock trial “Mother Earth
VS. Man : Trial of the Century”
2. Taking up the literature selection
a) Pre-reading
1. Recalling the listening activity to tie it up with the literature lesson.
a) Recall the fish kill that took place in Bolinao, Pangasinan.
b) What caused the loss of fish in that incident?
c) Can we say that greed and dishonesty played a big role in
the fish kill? Explain.
2. Vocabulary
Get the meaning of the underlined word from the sentence given.
What served as clues?
b) Each banca was equipped with outriggers, bamboo poles that
extended to their side in the form of a rectangle to keep the
boat steady even in the roughest sea.
c) Soon the nets were teeming with live fish.
d) Lucio, seeing that it was hopeless to try to dissuade the
villagers, went sadly back to his own hut.
b. Reading the text
The reading text may be assigned the day before.
47