Is it possible to question asylum seekers who assert they are gay or bisexual in a sensible and sensitive way? The DSSH model (‘Difference, Stigma, Shame and Harm’) is a model developed by Chelvan of No 5 Chambers to enable the asylum applicant an ability to address their individual narrative by asking specific ‘trigger questions’, to enable further investigation.
3. DIFFERENCE
3
Recognition that not like other ‘boys/girls’ with respect to
personal sex gender role development
Gradual recognition of attraction to members of same-
sex/opposite sex
Gradual recognition of gender difference in gender identity
claims/intersex claims
May have commencement of same-sex conduct
Recognition that this ‘difference’ sets LGBTIs apart from
straight people
Recognition and association with other LGBTIs – the other -
group differentiated identification
Not living a ‘heterosexual’ narrative.
4. STIGMA
4
Recognition that close family members/friends disapprove of
conduct/identity
Recognition that the ‘majority’ does not accept/disapproves of
the conduct/identity of the LGBTI individual
Recognition of state/cultural/religious mores/laws which are
directed towards LGBTIs.
5. SHAME
5
Impact of STIGMA
Feelings associated with isolation
Impact of being the ‘other’ rather than the ‘same’
6. HARM
6
State harm – criminalisation
Fear of arrest/detention/torture
Non-state agent harm - mob violence
Family – honour killing
7. HARM
6
State harm – criminalisation
Fear of arrest/detention/torture
Non-state agent harm - mob violence
Family – honour killing