2. British India Divided: India and Pakistan
Split up over religious differences
India was primarily Hindu, Pakistan primarily Muslim
On independence day millions fled across new
borders
Violence broke out because of fear, rumors, and
thugs willing to take advantage of chaos
Millions were killed, including Ghandi
3. The New India
Jawaharlal Nehru took over as the new Prime
minister and fashioned the new government after
Britain's labor party
State took ownership of major industries, utilities, and
transportation, but private enterprise was allowed at the local
level and land was privately owned. Industrial production
tripled.
After his death they faced serious poverty issues
because of population growth
4. India cont…
His daughter took control and in 1984 used military
force to stop Sikh rebels who wanted to make Punjab
independent.
They later assassinated her out of revenge
Her son replaced her and began new economic
policies
Encouraged private enterprise and transferred state-run
industries into private hands
Increased middle class
Technology part of industry is thriving and many US
companies began outsourcing jobs to India
5. Pakistan
Was a completely new nation in 1947
Early years marked by intense internal conflict
Especially between East and West Pakistan
East Pakistan declared its independence in 1971 and
after a brief civil war became Bangladesh
Both have struggled to maintain stable governments
and battle poverty
6. Southeast Asia: Independence
Philippines became independence from the U.S. in
1946
Britain gave up colonies of Burma 1948, and Malaya
1957
Netherlands and France were less willing to give up
colonies, but the threat of a communist uprising set
Indonesia free in 1949
In Vietnam, Communist leader Ho Chi Minh seized
power from the French with the Vietminh
France refused to accept his leadership and siezed Southern
half of Vietnam
7. The Vietnam War
The French could not defeat the Vietminh so they
agreed to a peace settlement in 1954
Vietnam was divided and they would hold elections in 2 years
The U.S. began aiding South Vietnamese
government
Lyndon B. Johnson sent troops to Vietnam in 1965
War reached a stalemate and Nixon made an agreement
pulling troops out in 1975
Vietnam was reunited under a communist regime
Led to Cambodia, Laos, and Indochina to become Communist
8. Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos Today
Vietnam is working hard to become an industrial
nation and relations with the U.S. have greatly
improved
Cambodia became democratic in 1993
Laos remains one of the few remaining Communist
countries along with Vietnam and North Korea
Cambodia and Laos are among the world’s poorest
countries
