The document discusses several factors that contributed to the start of World War I, including nationalism, imperialism, a massive arms race between European powers, and a complex network of alliances. Rising nationalism in countries like Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary exacerbated tensions after their recent unifications. Imperialism and the pursuit of new overseas colonies also increased competition. An extensive arms buildup between these powers raised threats of conflict, while their web of interlocking alliances spread the war once it began with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and the outbreak of fighting in the Balkans.