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MIGRATING FROM SINGLE INSTANCE TO RAC AND
 UPGRADING: A DATA GUARD SUCCESS STORY

          Fuad Arshad @fuadar
            Walgreen Company
Me, Myself & I

•   More than 15 years of Oracle experience
•   Worked in textiles, telecom & retail/healthcare
•   Currently work for Walgreens in the Enterprise Shared
    Services area
•   Areas of Interest: backup & recovery, high availability,
    MAA, performance tuning
Socially Networkable
•   Twitter @fuadar

•   Linkedin http://www.linkedin.com/in/fuadar

•   G+ +Fuad Arshad

•   Blog http://www.fuadarshad.com
Agenda
•   Problem
•   Analysis
•   Decision
•   Strategy
•   Migration
•   Things to look out for!
•   Credits
Community Access
•       RAC Attack                 Ask Questions
•       IOUG RAC SIG
                                    •   Freelists Oracle L
•       IOUG
                                    •   Stack Overflow
Blogs / Blogs /Blogs .
                                    •   Quora
    •    http://www.orana.info
                                    •   MOS Communities
    •    http://blogs.oracle.com
                                    •   Oracle Forums
    •    http://www.oaktable.net
The Problem

“It was very early, and we were still like beta or alpha
stage, and so we started receiving a ton of download.
The server became overloaded, and that's when I
realized that this had a huge market.”
Shawn Fanning (Napster)



                         Paper #371                        7
Our Problem


• The application was growing and adding features
• Customer access slowdown was reported


                      Paper #371                    8
Our Problem

• System built in the early 2000’s to handle the new
  wave of technology
• More work as newer features were rolled out
• Architecture & design not intended to handle the
  rate of change
• Database is always the bottleneck
                        Paper #371                     9
Analysis
• Active/Passive servers
• Oracle database version close to desupport
• Old OS version
• Old SAN infrastructure
• CPU and disk I/O issues
         Result -----> IT WAS OLD
                    Paper #371                 10
Analysis
• Active/Passive Servers
• Oracle Database version close to desupport
• Old OS version
• Old SAN infrastructure

     • Result ---------------- IT WAS OLD
                     Paper #371                11
Paper #371   12
Decision
• Let’s migrate to RAC
• Can it be done yesterday?
• Can we do it with zero downtime?
• The application team doesn’t want to change
  anything


                    Paper #371                  13
Strategy
• Export/Import
• Transportable Table spaces
• Disk based replication
• GoldenGate
• Data Guard - The Choice
                   Paper #371   14
Pre-Migration


• Build of servers
• Build of network
• RAC starter kits

                     Paper #371   15
Pre-Migration

•   The strategy was to build a RAC database from a single
    instance environment
•   Oracle provided instructions on how to prep the single instance
    environment so that it is RAC-aware. This includes running
    catclust scripts and adding undo tablespaces for the number of
    nodes that the new cluster will have



                             Paper #371                               16
Pre-Migration
•   The server builds need to have all the patches based on the OS
    that is being used
•   Oracle provides a variety of starter kits that can be used to
    validate the configuration
•   It is also important that the network be configured and available
    based on best practices
•   11.2.0.2 and above have added requirements like SCAN that
    need to be accounted for

                              Paper #371                            17
Pre-Migration
•   RAC Check is important tool to ensure that the environment is
    built based on best practices
•   RAC Check can be downloaded at MOS # 1268927.1 and is
    updated frequently
    – OS settings including kernel parameters and patches
    – CRS/Grid Infrastructure
    – RDBMS memory and database parameters
    – ASM parameters and statistics


                            Paper #371                              18
Pre-Migration (Primary)
Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include :
  •   Enable supplemental logging & force logging on primary

  •   Add additional REDO threads (Based on # of RAC nodes)

  •   Add additional UNDO tablespaces (Based on # of RAC nodes)

  •   Backup the primary database

  •   Create a PFILE from the primary database

  •   Copy TNSNAMES and LISTENER files into a staging directory

  •   Configure the primary database for Data Guard

                                 Paper #371                       19
Pre-Migration
•   RAC Check is important tool to ensure that the environment is
    built based on best practices
•   RAC Check can be downloaded at MOS # 1268927.1 and is
    updated frequently
    – OS settings including kernel parameters and patches
    – CRS/Grid Infrastructure
    – RDBMS memory and database parameters
    – ASM parameters and statistics


                            Paper #371                              20
Pre-Migration (Standby RAC)
•   Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include:
    •   NFS mount or copy backup and auxiliary files
    •   Configure Oracle Net which includes setting up TNSNAMES and LISTENER
        for 11.2.0.2 (This will be done in the Grid infrastructure home)
    •   Modify the TNSNAMES.ORA to include the primary as well as the standby
        tns entries
    •   Create a tns entry for the listener and make sure it is referenced in the
        REMOTE_LISTENER (REMOTE_LISTENER specifies the global list of
        listeners in a RAC configuration)
    •   Make sure the listener alias referenced by the LOCAL_LISTENER
        initialization parameter is in each standby tnsnames.ora file
    •   Ensure that the standby server has the same software version and patches
        installed as the primary   Paper #371                                    21
Pre-Migration (Standby RAC, cont.)
Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include:
  •   Ensure that a password file is configured on both the primary and the
      standby
  •   Copy the PFILE to the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs in the standby node
  •   Add DB_UNIQUE_NAME and CLUSTER_DATABASE parameters in the
      PFILE
  •   Modify all the other parameters outlined in the white paper
  •   Connect to the standby and create an SPFILE in the ASM diskgroup
  •   Startup the proposed standby environment in NOMOUNT mode
  •   Duplicate the database using “DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR
      STANDBY”
  •   Setup Server Control (SRVCTL) to register the instances
                                  Paper #371                                  22
Pre-Migration (Standby RAC, cont.)
Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include:
  •   Add additional standby REDO logs (The number of standby redo logs should
      be one more than the number of online REDO logs per thread and should be
      the same size)
  •   Enable Managed Recovery Mode on the standby database
  •   Enable archive destination on the primary to start shipping logs to the
      standby
  •   Validate the transfer
  •   Setup Data Guard Broker
  •   Validate the configuration and ensure that logs are being applied
  •   Bring up the other nodes in the RAC environment
                                   Paper #371                                   23
Migration
Migrating is simple after the Data Guard database is setup
   •   Ensure all ARCHIVELOGS have been applied
   •   Put the primary database in restricted mode and switch ARCHIVELOGS
   •   After all the outstanding logs have been applied, shutdown REDO apply on
       the standby
   •   Validate SCN across the primary and the standby
   •   Two options from here:
       - Switchover & upgrade
       - Shutdown & upgrade
   **We Chose Shutdown & Upgrade**
                                  Paper #371                                  24
Migration

•   All standby RAC nodes can be up if using DBUA

•   Ensure pre-checks are done

•   DBUA is brutal if you don’t remove the obsolete parameters

•   DST changes are important

•   If manually upgrading DBMS_DST needs to be run to upgrade DST




                                Paper #371                          25
Things to Look Out For
Ensure Environments Are Validated
  •   RDA should be run and all issues fixed
  •   RAC check will give you a detailed overview of the system
  •   Ensure all starter kits and the RAC manuals are consulted: the result can be
      a good best practices evolving document
  •   Use services to better manage how the application connects and load
      balance your system
  •   Private network is key with RAC: follow Oracle’s best practices.
  •   XA changes in 11.2.0.2 & can cause issues: important to understand them
  •   “Compatible” parameter testing is important.
  •   Monitoring the environment after go-live is very important
                                    Paper #371                                       26
Credits
I’d like to thank the following people for helping me with the
presentation and accompanying white paper:
    •    Matthew Gallagher, Architect -- Walgreens

    •    Brice Lahl, Manager DB Architecture -- Walgreens

    •    Daniel Morgan, ACE Director -- Drugstore.com

A special shout out to Arup Nanda & Alex Gorbachev for encouraging me to present and
Leighton Smith for reviewing my session

Also special credit to the RAC Assurance Team at Oracle for helping is get through this migration and
subsequent issues. Some content in the whitepaper and presentation has been republished with permission from
the Oracle RAC Assurance Team whose goal had been to proactively provide input to customers with new and
existing CRS, RAC, ASM and MAA implementations.

                                             Paper #371                                                  27
Questions
• Please fill
  out
  evaluations

    Paper #371   28

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MIgrating from Single Instance to RAC via Dataguard

  • 1.
  • 2. MIGRATING FROM SINGLE INSTANCE TO RAC AND UPGRADING: A DATA GUARD SUCCESS STORY Fuad Arshad @fuadar Walgreen Company
  • 3. Me, Myself & I • More than 15 years of Oracle experience • Worked in textiles, telecom & retail/healthcare • Currently work for Walgreens in the Enterprise Shared Services area • Areas of Interest: backup & recovery, high availability, MAA, performance tuning
  • 4. Socially Networkable • Twitter @fuadar • Linkedin http://www.linkedin.com/in/fuadar • G+ +Fuad Arshad • Blog http://www.fuadarshad.com
  • 5. Agenda • Problem • Analysis • Decision • Strategy • Migration • Things to look out for! • Credits
  • 6. Community Access • RAC Attack Ask Questions • IOUG RAC SIG • Freelists Oracle L • IOUG • Stack Overflow Blogs / Blogs /Blogs . • Quora • http://www.orana.info • MOS Communities • http://blogs.oracle.com • Oracle Forums • http://www.oaktable.net
  • 7. The Problem “It was very early, and we were still like beta or alpha stage, and so we started receiving a ton of download. The server became overloaded, and that's when I realized that this had a huge market.” Shawn Fanning (Napster) Paper #371 7
  • 8. Our Problem • The application was growing and adding features • Customer access slowdown was reported Paper #371 8
  • 9. Our Problem • System built in the early 2000’s to handle the new wave of technology • More work as newer features were rolled out • Architecture & design not intended to handle the rate of change • Database is always the bottleneck Paper #371 9
  • 10. Analysis • Active/Passive servers • Oracle database version close to desupport • Old OS version • Old SAN infrastructure • CPU and disk I/O issues Result -----> IT WAS OLD Paper #371 10
  • 11. Analysis • Active/Passive Servers • Oracle Database version close to desupport • Old OS version • Old SAN infrastructure • Result ---------------- IT WAS OLD Paper #371 11
  • 13. Decision • Let’s migrate to RAC • Can it be done yesterday? • Can we do it with zero downtime? • The application team doesn’t want to change anything Paper #371 13
  • 14. Strategy • Export/Import • Transportable Table spaces • Disk based replication • GoldenGate • Data Guard - The Choice Paper #371 14
  • 15. Pre-Migration • Build of servers • Build of network • RAC starter kits Paper #371 15
  • 16. Pre-Migration • The strategy was to build a RAC database from a single instance environment • Oracle provided instructions on how to prep the single instance environment so that it is RAC-aware. This includes running catclust scripts and adding undo tablespaces for the number of nodes that the new cluster will have Paper #371 16
  • 17. Pre-Migration • The server builds need to have all the patches based on the OS that is being used • Oracle provides a variety of starter kits that can be used to validate the configuration • It is also important that the network be configured and available based on best practices • 11.2.0.2 and above have added requirements like SCAN that need to be accounted for Paper #371 17
  • 18. Pre-Migration • RAC Check is important tool to ensure that the environment is built based on best practices • RAC Check can be downloaded at MOS # 1268927.1 and is updated frequently – OS settings including kernel parameters and patches – CRS/Grid Infrastructure – RDBMS memory and database parameters – ASM parameters and statistics Paper #371 18
  • 19. Pre-Migration (Primary) Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include : • Enable supplemental logging & force logging on primary • Add additional REDO threads (Based on # of RAC nodes) • Add additional UNDO tablespaces (Based on # of RAC nodes) • Backup the primary database • Create a PFILE from the primary database • Copy TNSNAMES and LISTENER files into a staging directory • Configure the primary database for Data Guard Paper #371 19
  • 20. Pre-Migration • RAC Check is important tool to ensure that the environment is built based on best practices • RAC Check can be downloaded at MOS # 1268927.1 and is updated frequently – OS settings including kernel parameters and patches – CRS/Grid Infrastructure – RDBMS memory and database parameters – ASM parameters and statistics Paper #371 20
  • 21. Pre-Migration (Standby RAC) • Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include: • NFS mount or copy backup and auxiliary files • Configure Oracle Net which includes setting up TNSNAMES and LISTENER for 11.2.0.2 (This will be done in the Grid infrastructure home) • Modify the TNSNAMES.ORA to include the primary as well as the standby tns entries • Create a tns entry for the listener and make sure it is referenced in the REMOTE_LISTENER (REMOTE_LISTENER specifies the global list of listeners in a RAC configuration) • Make sure the listener alias referenced by the LOCAL_LISTENER initialization parameter is in each standby tnsnames.ora file • Ensure that the standby server has the same software version and patches installed as the primary Paper #371 21
  • 22. Pre-Migration (Standby RAC, cont.) Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include: • Ensure that a password file is configured on both the primary and the standby • Copy the PFILE to the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs in the standby node • Add DB_UNIQUE_NAME and CLUSTER_DATABASE parameters in the PFILE • Modify all the other parameters outlined in the white paper • Connect to the standby and create an SPFILE in the ASM diskgroup • Startup the proposed standby environment in NOMOUNT mode • Duplicate the database using “DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY” • Setup Server Control (SRVCTL) to register the instances Paper #371 22
  • 23. Pre-Migration (Standby RAC, cont.) Data Guard setup steps need to be followed which include: • Add additional standby REDO logs (The number of standby redo logs should be one more than the number of online REDO logs per thread and should be the same size) • Enable Managed Recovery Mode on the standby database • Enable archive destination on the primary to start shipping logs to the standby • Validate the transfer • Setup Data Guard Broker • Validate the configuration and ensure that logs are being applied • Bring up the other nodes in the RAC environment Paper #371 23
  • 24. Migration Migrating is simple after the Data Guard database is setup • Ensure all ARCHIVELOGS have been applied • Put the primary database in restricted mode and switch ARCHIVELOGS • After all the outstanding logs have been applied, shutdown REDO apply on the standby • Validate SCN across the primary and the standby • Two options from here: - Switchover & upgrade - Shutdown & upgrade **We Chose Shutdown & Upgrade** Paper #371 24
  • 25. Migration • All standby RAC nodes can be up if using DBUA • Ensure pre-checks are done • DBUA is brutal if you don’t remove the obsolete parameters • DST changes are important • If manually upgrading DBMS_DST needs to be run to upgrade DST Paper #371 25
  • 26. Things to Look Out For Ensure Environments Are Validated • RDA should be run and all issues fixed • RAC check will give you a detailed overview of the system • Ensure all starter kits and the RAC manuals are consulted: the result can be a good best practices evolving document • Use services to better manage how the application connects and load balance your system • Private network is key with RAC: follow Oracle’s best practices. • XA changes in 11.2.0.2 & can cause issues: important to understand them • “Compatible” parameter testing is important. • Monitoring the environment after go-live is very important Paper #371 26
  • 27. Credits I’d like to thank the following people for helping me with the presentation and accompanying white paper: • Matthew Gallagher, Architect -- Walgreens • Brice Lahl, Manager DB Architecture -- Walgreens • Daniel Morgan, ACE Director -- Drugstore.com A special shout out to Arup Nanda & Alex Gorbachev for encouraging me to present and Leighton Smith for reviewing my session Also special credit to the RAC Assurance Team at Oracle for helping is get through this migration and subsequent issues. Some content in the whitepaper and presentation has been republished with permission from the Oracle RAC Assurance Team whose goal had been to proactively provide input to customers with new and existing CRS, RAC, ASM and MAA implementations. Paper #371 27
  • 28. Questions • Please fill out evaluations Paper #371 28

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. While the chart shows about an average CPU consumption. What is doesn’t show it the what you see in the High Value Seasonal Adjustment which was 92 %. Now we Always had and Still have What Tom /Graham and Andrew talk about too many connections ratio to the the cores available
  2. This was a plan presented to upgrade the hardware in current form.
  3. Decisions are always hard and are always made late. The users expect that time to market after a decision to be immediate.
  4. Adding the dg_config,archive_dest fal_server and fal_client can be done ahead of time with the log_archive_dest_state be disabled till the standby instance is up
  5. It is very important to understand that the infrastructure has to be ready and support a RAC environment. The SPFILE shouldb e on a shared Accessible point as well as all nodes need to be in the GI already
  6. It is very important to ensure that fal_client and fal_server are set up correctly. Dataguard Broker can be setup with a few caveats since it is not officially supported on an Active/Passive Cluster. The Solution to Having a Active/Passive Cluster Working with a Broker is setting the local_listener parameter to the Virtual NodeName/IP
  7. Prechecks like utl112i not being run and validated can cause issue. We have seen cases where if too many versions are in between the upgrades utl112 might not catch an obsolete parameter and cause issues with DBUA. We tested the process with manual upgrades and DBUA. DBUA is much cleaner in newer versions and allows for getting everything right. Logging is better.
  8. Prechecks like utl112i not being run and validated can cause issue. We have seen cases where if too many versions are in between the upgrades utl112 might not catch an obsolete parameter and cause issues with DBUA. We tested the process with manual upgrades and DBUA. DBUA is much cleaner in newer versions and allows for getting everything right. Logging is better.
  9. RDA can show various errors as as allow for a DBA to health check their environment. Raccheck is a health Audit Tool. Starter Kits are important.Services can help your application. Look and understand before impl