2. The Scapula
The scapula is a highly
mobile bone that is
situated on the posterior
aspect of the body
3. The Scapula
The scapula is best viewed
from behind
There are 2 scapulae, one on
either side of the spinal
column
4. The Scapula
The scapula is best viewed
from behind
There are 2 scapulae one on
either side of the spinal
column
Each overlies the 2nd
– 7th
ribs
5. The Scapula
Anterior View
The scapula is a flat
triangular-shaped bone
It has a number of
interesting projections
Right Side
6. The Scapula
The scapula is a flat
triangular-shaped bone
It has a number of
interesting projections
best viewed from the lateral aspect
Lateral View
AnteriorPosterior
Right Side
37. The Scapula
A number of muscles attach to the scapula
Four Rotator Cuff Muscles surround the
Shoulder Joint and move the Arm
38. The Scapula
A number of muscles attach to the scapula
Four Rotator Cuff Muscles surround the
Shoulder Joint and move the Arm
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
40. The Scapula
Subscapularis arises from the whole of
the ventral surface of the scapula
It attaches to the Lesser
Tuberosity of the Humerus
It internally rotates the
arm
42. The Scapula
Supraspinatus arises from the Supraspinous Fossa
It attaches to the
upper part of the
Greater Tuberosity
of the Humerus
It abducts the arm
44. The Scapula
Infraspinatus arises from the Infraspinous Fossa
It attaches to the
posterior part of the
Greater Tuberosity of
the Humerus
It externally rotates
the arm
46. The Scapula
Teres Minor arises from the upper part of the
Lateral Border of the Scapula
It attaches to the
Inferior part of the
Greater Tuberosity of
the Proximal Humerus
It externally rotates
the arm
72. Summary of muscles that arise from the scapula
Biceps (both heads)
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Levator Scapulae
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Minor
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Triceps (Long Head)
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Trapezius
73. Anterior Arm
Biceps Brachii
Origin Short head: tip of coracoid
process of scapula; Long head:
supraglenoid tubercle of
scapula
Insertion Tuberosity of radius and fascia
of forearm via bicipital
aponeurosis
Action Supinates and flexes forearm
Nerve Supply Musculocutaneous nerve (C5
and C6)
Blood Supply Muscular branches of brachial
artery
74. Anterior Arm
Coracobrachialis
Origin Tip of coracoid process of
scapula
Insertion Upper half of medial surface of
humerus
Action Flexes and adducts arm
Nerve Supply Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,
C6)
Blood Supply Muscular branches of brachial
artery
75. Deltoid
Origin Lateral third of clavicle,
acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action Anterior part: flexes and
internally rotates arm; Middle
part: abducts arm; Posterior
part: extends and externally
rotates arm
Nerve Supply Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
Blood Supply Deltoid branch of
thoracoacromial artery
Posterior Chest Wall
76. Posterior Chest Wall
Infraspinatus
Origin Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion Middle facet on greater
tuberosity of humerus
Action Externally rotates arm
Nerve Supply Suprascapular nerve (C5 and
C6)
Blood Supply Suprascapular and circumflex
scapular arteries
77. Posterior Chest Wall
Levator Scapulae
Origin Posterior tubercles of
transverse processes of C1 - C4
vertebrae
Insertion Superior part of medial border
of scapula
Action Elevates scapula and tilts
glenoid inferiorly by rotating
scapula
Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular (C5) and
cervical (C3 and C4) nerves
Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
78. Posterior Chest Wall
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin Spinous processes of inferior 6
thoracic vertebrae,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac
crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs,
inferior angle of scapula
Insertion Floor of intertubercular groove
of humerus
Action Extends, adducts, and
internally rotates humerus;
pulls body up toward arms
during climbing
Nerve Supply Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7,
and C8)
Blood Supply Thoracodorsal artery
79. Anterior Chest Wall
Pectoralis Minor
Origin 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal
cartilages
Insertion Medial border and superior
surface of coracoid process of
scapula
Action Stabilises scapula, pulls it
inferiorly and anteriorly
against thoracic wall
Nerve Supply Medial pectoral nerves; (C8
and T1)
Blood Supply Pectoral branch of the
thoracoacromial trunk
80. Posterior Chest Wall
Rhomboid Minor
Origin Nuchal ligament and spinous
processes of C7 and T1
vertebrae;
Insertion Medial border of scapula
adjacent to spine
Action Retracts and rotates scapula to
move glenoid inferiorly; fixes
scapula to thoracic wall
Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and
C5)
Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
81. Posterior Chest Wall
Rhomboid Major
Origin Spinous processes of T2 - T5
vertebrae
Insertion Medial border of scapula
Action Retracts and rotates scapula to
move glenoid inferiorly; fixes
scapula to thoracic wall
Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and
C5)
Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
82. Anterior Chest Wall
Serratus Anterior
Origin Superolateral surfaces of
upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of
chest
Insertion Medial border of scapula
Action Pulls scapula forward and
upward; abducts and rotates
it; stabilises medial border of
scapula
Nerve Supply Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6,
C7)
Blood Supply Circumflex scapular artery
83. Subscapularis
Origin Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion Lesser tuberosity of humerus
Action Internal rotation and
adduction of the arm
Nerve Supply Upper and lower subscapular
nerves (C5, C6 and C7)
Blood Supply Subscapular artery
Anterior Chest Wall
84. Posterior Chest Wall
Supraspinatus
Origin Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion Superior facet on greater
tuberosity of humerus
Action Abduction of arm
Nerve Supply Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5
and C6)
Blood Supply Suprascapular artery
85. Triceps
Origin Long head: infraglenoid
tubercle of scapula; Lateral
head: posterior surface of
humerus, superior to radial
groove; Medial head: posterior
surface of humerus, inferior to
radial groove
Insertion Proximal end of olecranon
process of ulna and fascia of
forearm
Action Extends forearm
Nerve Supply Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8)
Blood Supply Branches of deep brachial
artery
Posterior Arm
86. Posterior Chest Wall
Teres Major
Origin Dorsal surface of inferior angle
of scapula
Insertion Medial lip of intertubercular
groove of humerus
Action Adducts and internally rotates
arm
Nerve Supply Lower subscapular nerve (C6
and C7)
Blood Supply Subscapular and circumflex
scapular arteries
87. Posterior Chest Wall
Teres Minor
Origin Superior part of lateral border
of scapula
Insertion Inferior facet on greater
tuberosity of humerus
Action External rotation of the arm
Nerve Supply Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
Blood Supply Subscapular and circumflex
scapular arteries
88. Posterior Chest Wall
Trapezius
Origin Medial third of superior nuchal
line; external occipital
protruberance, nuchal ligament,
and spinous processes of C7 - T12
vertebrae
Insertion Lateral third of clavicle, acromion,
and spine of scapula
Action superior fibers elevate, middle
fibers retract, and inferior fibers
depress scapula
Nerve Supply Spinal root of accessory nerve (CN
XI) (motor) and cervical nerves (C3
and C4) (pain and proprioception)
Blood Supply Transverse cervical artery