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The eXpressive Internet Architecture:
         A Quick Overview
                    Peter Steenkiste
Dave Andersen, David Eckhardt, Sara Kiesler, Jon Peha,
 Adrian Perrig, Srini Seshan, Marvin Sirbu, Hui Zhang
             Carnegie Mellon University
        Aditya Akella, University of Wisconsin
            John Byers, Boston University

         Future Cities Workshop, January 23, 2013


                                                     1
“Narrow Waist” of the Internet
             Key to its Success
   • Has allowed Internet to evolve dramatically
       – Technology, applications, mobility, …
   • But now an obstacle to addressing challenges:
                            – No built-in security
Applications
                            – New usage models a challenge
                            – Limited interactions edge-core
  Internet
  Protocol               • A common view is that IP is a
                           fixed point
    Link                            Live with it!
Technologies
                             Work around the problems
Designing the
      Expressive Internet Architecture
   • Keep the good “stuff” of the current Internet
       – Packets, addresses, narrow waist, …
       – Modularity, separate control and data planes, …

Applications            • Explore three concepts that
                          directly address key
Expressive
 Internet
                          challenges:
 Protocol                  – Diverse types of end-points
                           – Intrinsic security
    Link                   – Flexible addressing
Technologies
Today’s Internet
                                 Src: Client IP
                                Dest: Server IP


                               TCP


           Client IP
                                                         Server IP

• Client retrieves document from a specific web server
   – But client mostly cares about correctness of content, timeliness
   – Specific server, file name, etc. are not of interest
• Transfer is between wrong principals
   – What if the server fails?
   – Optimizing transfer using local caches is hard
       • Need to use application-specific overlay or transparent proxy – bad!
                                                                                4
eXpressive Internet Architecture
                            Src: Client ID
                           Dest: Content ID




             Cell
                                                Content
• Client expresses communication intent for content explicitly
   – Network can retrieve content from “anywhere”
• How does client know the content is correct?
   – Intrinsic security! Verify content using self-certifying id:
                     hash(content) = content id
• How does source know it is talking to the right client?
   – Intrinsic security! Self-certifying host identifiers           5
Evolving the
  eXpressive Internet Architecture
                           Src: Client ID
                                I - Content ID
                        Dest:
                                F - Host ID



            Cell
                                                 Content

• What happens when a router does not recognize Content ID?
   • Legacy router or unpopular content
   • Packet gets dropped! Oops.
• Use flexible addressing to evolve network without changing
  the architecture
   • Destination address includes both an Intent and Fallback ID
                                                               6
XIA Concepts Work Together
             Directly support diverse
             network usage models

                                      Multiple
                                  Communicating
Evolution of principle types      Principal Types               Principal-specific
      Customization                                            security properties




                Flexible                                    Intrinsic
               Addressing                                   Security
                                         DAG
                                        security
       Deal with routing “failures”                 Built in security forms basis
                                                     for system level security
But Principles Don’t Support
        Applications and Users!
      Routing                   Applications
      XHCP
     BIND                                                Chunking
Xsockets

                XDP             XSP            XChunkP       Cache



                      ARP              XIP                   XCMP


                            Datalink
                                                                     8
Open Source XIA Release
• XIA Prototype released in May 2012
  – Includes full XIA protocol stack and utilities
  – Support for GENI and VM-based experiments
  – Improve over time with research results
  – More info: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~xia
• Being used to support applications, services
  – Working towards permanent XIA deployment
• Prototype good platform for collaboration
  – We can provide support to users and developers
                                                     9
How Does XIA Help Us Build a
     Better Network?
Network-Network User-Network


                                            Users




                                                                                   Trustworthy Network Operation
                                         Applications

                                                Services

                                                                       Intrinsic
                                                                       Security
                                Host      Content       Services   …
                               Support    Support       Support
                                 eXpressive Internet Protocol




                                                                                                                   10
The XIA Core Networking Team
• Meet the initial core XIA team …


     Fahad   Dongsu Hyeontaek Ashok Michel        Boyan    Wenfei
     Dogar    Han      Lim    Anand Machadoy        Li      Wu

• ... and some researchers who joined later


   Robert     Pratch    Matthew    David    Junchen     Suk-Bok
   Grandl Piyawongwisal Mukerjee   Naylor    Jiang    Lee (postdoc)

• Faculty listed on title slides                                      11

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Future Cities Conference´13 / Peter Steenkiste - "The eXpressive Internet Architecture: A Quick Overview"

  • 1. The eXpressive Internet Architecture: A Quick Overview Peter Steenkiste Dave Andersen, David Eckhardt, Sara Kiesler, Jon Peha, Adrian Perrig, Srini Seshan, Marvin Sirbu, Hui Zhang Carnegie Mellon University Aditya Akella, University of Wisconsin John Byers, Boston University Future Cities Workshop, January 23, 2013 1
  • 2. “Narrow Waist” of the Internet Key to its Success • Has allowed Internet to evolve dramatically – Technology, applications, mobility, … • But now an obstacle to addressing challenges: – No built-in security Applications – New usage models a challenge – Limited interactions edge-core Internet Protocol • A common view is that IP is a fixed point Link Live with it! Technologies Work around the problems
  • 3. Designing the Expressive Internet Architecture • Keep the good “stuff” of the current Internet – Packets, addresses, narrow waist, … – Modularity, separate control and data planes, … Applications • Explore three concepts that directly address key Expressive Internet challenges: Protocol – Diverse types of end-points – Intrinsic security Link – Flexible addressing Technologies
  • 4. Today’s Internet Src: Client IP Dest: Server IP TCP Client IP Server IP • Client retrieves document from a specific web server – But client mostly cares about correctness of content, timeliness – Specific server, file name, etc. are not of interest • Transfer is between wrong principals – What if the server fails? – Optimizing transfer using local caches is hard • Need to use application-specific overlay or transparent proxy – bad! 4
  • 5. eXpressive Internet Architecture Src: Client ID Dest: Content ID Cell Content • Client expresses communication intent for content explicitly – Network can retrieve content from “anywhere” • How does client know the content is correct? – Intrinsic security! Verify content using self-certifying id: hash(content) = content id • How does source know it is talking to the right client? – Intrinsic security! Self-certifying host identifiers 5
  • 6. Evolving the eXpressive Internet Architecture Src: Client ID I - Content ID Dest: F - Host ID Cell Content • What happens when a router does not recognize Content ID? • Legacy router or unpopular content • Packet gets dropped! Oops. • Use flexible addressing to evolve network without changing the architecture • Destination address includes both an Intent and Fallback ID 6
  • 7. XIA Concepts Work Together Directly support diverse network usage models Multiple Communicating Evolution of principle types Principal Types Principal-specific Customization security properties Flexible Intrinsic Addressing Security DAG security Deal with routing “failures” Built in security forms basis for system level security
  • 8. But Principles Don’t Support Applications and Users! Routing Applications XHCP BIND Chunking Xsockets XDP XSP XChunkP Cache ARP XIP XCMP Datalink 8
  • 9. Open Source XIA Release • XIA Prototype released in May 2012 – Includes full XIA protocol stack and utilities – Support for GENI and VM-based experiments – Improve over time with research results – More info: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~xia • Being used to support applications, services – Working towards permanent XIA deployment • Prototype good platform for collaboration – We can provide support to users and developers 9
  • 10. How Does XIA Help Us Build a Better Network? Network-Network User-Network Users Trustworthy Network Operation Applications Services Intrinsic Security Host Content Services … Support Support Support eXpressive Internet Protocol 10
  • 11. The XIA Core Networking Team • Meet the initial core XIA team … Fahad Dongsu Hyeontaek Ashok Michel Boyan Wenfei Dogar Han Lim Anand Machadoy Li Wu • ... and some researchers who joined later Robert Pratch Matthew David Junchen Suk-Bok Grandl Piyawongwisal Mukerjee Naylor Jiang Lee (postdoc) • Faculty listed on title slides 11