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Bioinformática
Alinhamentos de sequências
Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
Universidade Católica de Brasília
gabrielf@ucb.br - fernandes.gabriel@gmail.com
+
Arquivo de sequência - FASTA
2
>gi|197101743|ref|NP_001125556.1| myoglobin
[Pongo abelii]
MGLSDGEWQLVLNVWGKVEADIPSHGQEVLIRLFKGHPETLEKFDK
FKHLKSEDEMKASEDLKKHGATVLTALGGILKKKGHHEAEIKPLAQ
SHATKHKIPVKYLEFISESIIQVLQSKHPGDFGADAQGAMNKALEL
FRKDMASNYKELGFQG
>gi|386872|gb|AAA59595.1| myoglobin [Homo
sapiens]
MGLSDGEWQLVLNVWGKVEADIPGHGQEVLIRLFKGHPETLEKFDK
FKHLKSEDEMKASEDLKKHGATVLTALGGILKKKGHHEAEIKPLAQ
SHATKHKIPVKYLEFISECIIQVLQSKHPGDFGADAEGAMNKALEL
FRKDMASNYKELGFQG
+
Alinhamentos
nSimples X Múltiplo
n Local X Global
n Heurístico X Ótimo
3
Score = 276 bits (139), Expect = 3e-78
Identities = 139/139 (100%)
Strand = Plus / Plus
Query: 326 aggtgtaaaaccgtttgaatgcacttattgttataaaggattcactcgaaattctgatct 385
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sbjct: 560 aggtgtaaaaccgtttgaatgcacttattgttataaaggattcactcgaaattctgatct 619
Query: 386 tcataagcacatcgacgctgttcacaaaggtctcaagcctttcggatgtgaagtatgcca 445
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sbjct: 620 tcataagcacatcgacgctgttcacaaaggtctcaagcctttcggatgtgaagtatgcca 679
Query: 446 gcgaaacttctctcagaaa 464
|||||||||||||||||||
Sbjct: 680 gcgaaacttctctcagaaa 698
+
Alinhamento simples
n Aquele realizado entre seqüências de DNA ou proteínas,
desde que duas a duas
4
Score = 652 bits (329), Expect = 0.0
Identities = 240/240 (100%)
Strand = Plus / Plus
Query: 1 ctttcaagatgaacgaaccaactggtgtcgggccaacatttgctgatgcatgcgatgatg 60
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sbjct: 136 ctttcaagatgaacgaaccaactggtgtcgggccaacatttgctgatgcatgcgatgatg 195
Query: 61 gcgaacttatcagcatttgttgtctttgtggtaaaacgttttcaagtcagagtcttctac 120
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sbjct: 196 gcgaacttatcagcatttgttgtctttgtggtaaaacgttttcaagtcagagtcttctac 255
Query: 121 acaaacattttgaattgatgcatgaaggtacggaaatagatactgaacagtatgatctaa 180
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sbjct: 256 acaaacattttgaattgatgcatgaaggtacggaaatagatactgaacagtatgatctaa 315
Query: 181 gtggatttgccgctatggggaatgaacaaggtcgtaaaagtaatggtgaagaagatgcaa 240
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sbjct: 316 gtggatttgccgctatggggaatgaacaaggtcgtaaaagtaatggtgaagaagatgcaa 375
+
Alinhamento multiplo
nAquele realizado entre MAIS DE DUAS seqüências de DNA ou
proteínas
5
Seq1 ------------------------------------------------------------
Seq4 -GCACGAGGACTGTGA-----ACCGAATCGGTTCAGTAAAATGTTCAATTGTGCGCTGGA
Seq2 ------------------------------GTTCAGTAAAATGTTCAATTGTGCGCTGGA
Seq3 GGCACGAGGGCTACGACTGTGAACGAATCGGTTCAGTAAAATGTTCAATTGTGCGCTGGA
Seq1 ------------------------------------------------------------
Seq4 ATCTATTGTGTAGACTATTAACTATGGAATTTTACTTCACATTGACTAAAAAGCTGAGCA
Seq2 ATCTATTGTGTAGACT-TTAACTATGGAATTTTACTTCACATTGACTAAAAAGCTGAGCA
Seq3 ATCTATTGTGTAGACTATTAACTATGGAATTTTACTTCACATT-ACTAAAAAGCTGAGCA
Seq1 ---------------------CTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT
Seq4 AATATACCTGGAGCGTTCAGACTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT
Seq2 AATATACCTGGAGCGTTCAGACTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT
Seq3 AATATACCTGGAGCGTTCAGACTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT
***************************************
+
Alinhamento global e local
nGlobal: as seqs são alinhadas de ponta a ponta
nLocal: pedaços das seqs é que são comparados
6
+
Alinhamentos ótimos e heurísticos
nheurística -- do dicionário Houaiss
nmétodo de investigação baseado na aproximação progressiva
de um dado problema
nAlinhamento ótimo: produz o melhor resultado
computacionalmente possível
nAlinhamento heurístico: produz um resultado o mais próximo
possível do resultado ótimo, mas, principalmente, produz um
resultado de maneira muito veloz
7
+
Ferramentas de alinhamento
8
+
Elementos do alinhamento
9
+
Matrizes de substituição
10
A C G T
A 1 -2 -2 -2
C -2 1 -2 -2
G -2 -2 1 -2
T -2 -2 -2 1
A C G T
A 1 -2 -1 -2
C -2 1 -2 -1
G -1 -2 1 -2
T -2 -1 -2 1
+
Matrizes de substituição
11
+
BLAST
nBasic Local Alignment Search Tool
nFerramenta de alinhamento mais utilizada no mundo
nTodo pesquisador em biologia molecular já usou alguma vez
(ou centenas de vezes)
nDiz-se que o trabalho original onde a ferramenta foi publicada
é o mais citado da história das ciências biológicas
nÉ um algoritmo de alinhamento simples, heurístico e local
nAlinha um seqüência de entrada contra uma base de dados
desejada
12
+
Programas do BLAST
13
Formato da
Seqüência de
Entrada
Banco de
dados
Formato da
seqüência que
é comparado
Programa
BLAST
adequado
Nucleotídeos Nucleotídeos Nucleotídeos BLASTn
Proteínas Proteínas Proteínas BLASTp
Nucleotídeos Proteínas Proteínas BLASTx
Proteínas Nucleotídeos Proteínas TBLASTn
Nucleotídeos Nucleotídeos Proteínas TBLASTtx
+
Alinhamento multiplo
14
conservation profile
conserved residues
secondary structure
+
Filogenia a partir do alinhamento
nMatriz de distância entre as proteínas alinhadas
nClustal: 1 - (resíduos idênticos/resíduos alinhados)
15
-
.17 -
.59 .60 -
.59 .59 .13 -
.77 .77 .75 .75 -
.81 .82 .73 .74 .80 -
.87 .86 .86 .88 .93 .90 -
Hbb_human
Hbb_horse
Hba_human
Hba_horse
Myg_phyca
Glb5_petma
Lgb2_lupla
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Bioinfo - Grad - Aula 3

  • 1. + Bioinformática Alinhamentos de sequências Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes Universidade Católica de Brasília gabrielf@ucb.br - fernandes.gabriel@gmail.com
  • 2. + Arquivo de sequência - FASTA 2 >gi|197101743|ref|NP_001125556.1| myoglobin [Pongo abelii] MGLSDGEWQLVLNVWGKVEADIPSHGQEVLIRLFKGHPETLEKFDK FKHLKSEDEMKASEDLKKHGATVLTALGGILKKKGHHEAEIKPLAQ SHATKHKIPVKYLEFISESIIQVLQSKHPGDFGADAQGAMNKALEL FRKDMASNYKELGFQG >gi|386872|gb|AAA59595.1| myoglobin [Homo sapiens] MGLSDGEWQLVLNVWGKVEADIPGHGQEVLIRLFKGHPETLEKFDK FKHLKSEDEMKASEDLKKHGATVLTALGGILKKKGHHEAEIKPLAQ SHATKHKIPVKYLEFISECIIQVLQSKHPGDFGADAEGAMNKALEL FRKDMASNYKELGFQG
  • 3. + Alinhamentos nSimples X Múltiplo n Local X Global n Heurístico X Ótimo 3 Score = 276 bits (139), Expect = 3e-78 Identities = 139/139 (100%) Strand = Plus / Plus Query: 326 aggtgtaaaaccgtttgaatgcacttattgttataaaggattcactcgaaattctgatct 385 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct: 560 aggtgtaaaaccgtttgaatgcacttattgttataaaggattcactcgaaattctgatct 619 Query: 386 tcataagcacatcgacgctgttcacaaaggtctcaagcctttcggatgtgaagtatgcca 445 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct: 620 tcataagcacatcgacgctgttcacaaaggtctcaagcctttcggatgtgaagtatgcca 679 Query: 446 gcgaaacttctctcagaaa 464 ||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct: 680 gcgaaacttctctcagaaa 698
  • 4. + Alinhamento simples n Aquele realizado entre seqüências de DNA ou proteínas, desde que duas a duas 4 Score = 652 bits (329), Expect = 0.0 Identities = 240/240 (100%) Strand = Plus / Plus Query: 1 ctttcaagatgaacgaaccaactggtgtcgggccaacatttgctgatgcatgcgatgatg 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct: 136 ctttcaagatgaacgaaccaactggtgtcgggccaacatttgctgatgcatgcgatgatg 195 Query: 61 gcgaacttatcagcatttgttgtctttgtggtaaaacgttttcaagtcagagtcttctac 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct: 196 gcgaacttatcagcatttgttgtctttgtggtaaaacgttttcaagtcagagtcttctac 255 Query: 121 acaaacattttgaattgatgcatgaaggtacggaaatagatactgaacagtatgatctaa 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct: 256 acaaacattttgaattgatgcatgaaggtacggaaatagatactgaacagtatgatctaa 315 Query: 181 gtggatttgccgctatggggaatgaacaaggtcgtaaaagtaatggtgaagaagatgcaa 240 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct: 316 gtggatttgccgctatggggaatgaacaaggtcgtaaaagtaatggtgaagaagatgcaa 375
  • 5. + Alinhamento multiplo nAquele realizado entre MAIS DE DUAS seqüências de DNA ou proteínas 5 Seq1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Seq4 -GCACGAGGACTGTGA-----ACCGAATCGGTTCAGTAAAATGTTCAATTGTGCGCTGGA Seq2 ------------------------------GTTCAGTAAAATGTTCAATTGTGCGCTGGA Seq3 GGCACGAGGGCTACGACTGTGAACGAATCGGTTCAGTAAAATGTTCAATTGTGCGCTGGA Seq1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Seq4 ATCTATTGTGTAGACTATTAACTATGGAATTTTACTTCACATTGACTAAAAAGCTGAGCA Seq2 ATCTATTGTGTAGACT-TTAACTATGGAATTTTACTTCACATTGACTAAAAAGCTGAGCA Seq3 ATCTATTGTGTAGACTATTAACTATGGAATTTTACTTCACATT-ACTAAAAAGCTGAGCA Seq1 ---------------------CTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT Seq4 AATATACCTGGAGCGTTCAGACTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT Seq2 AATATACCTGGAGCGTTCAGACTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT Seq3 AATATACCTGGAGCGTTCAGACTTTCAAGATGAACGAACCAACTGGTGTCGGGCCAACAT ***************************************
  • 6. + Alinhamento global e local nGlobal: as seqs são alinhadas de ponta a ponta nLocal: pedaços das seqs é que são comparados 6
  • 7. + Alinhamentos ótimos e heurísticos nheurística -- do dicionário Houaiss nmétodo de investigação baseado na aproximação progressiva de um dado problema nAlinhamento ótimo: produz o melhor resultado computacionalmente possível nAlinhamento heurístico: produz um resultado o mais próximo possível do resultado ótimo, mas, principalmente, produz um resultado de maneira muito veloz 7
  • 10. + Matrizes de substituição 10 A C G T A 1 -2 -2 -2 C -2 1 -2 -2 G -2 -2 1 -2 T -2 -2 -2 1 A C G T A 1 -2 -1 -2 C -2 1 -2 -1 G -1 -2 1 -2 T -2 -1 -2 1
  • 12. + BLAST nBasic Local Alignment Search Tool nFerramenta de alinhamento mais utilizada no mundo nTodo pesquisador em biologia molecular já usou alguma vez (ou centenas de vezes) nDiz-se que o trabalho original onde a ferramenta foi publicada é o mais citado da história das ciências biológicas nÉ um algoritmo de alinhamento simples, heurístico e local nAlinha um seqüência de entrada contra uma base de dados desejada 12
  • 13. + Programas do BLAST 13 Formato da Seqüência de Entrada Banco de dados Formato da seqüência que é comparado Programa BLAST adequado Nucleotídeos Nucleotídeos Nucleotídeos BLASTn Proteínas Proteínas Proteínas BLASTp Nucleotídeos Proteínas Proteínas BLASTx Proteínas Nucleotídeos Proteínas TBLASTn Nucleotídeos Nucleotídeos Proteínas TBLASTtx
  • 15. + Filogenia a partir do alinhamento nMatriz de distância entre as proteínas alinhadas nClustal: 1 - (resíduos idênticos/resíduos alinhados) 15 - .17 - .59 .60 - .59 .59 .13 - .77 .77 .75 .75 - .81 .82 .73 .74 .80 - .87 .86 .86 .88 .93 .90 - Hbb_human Hbb_horse Hba_human Hba_horse Myg_phyca Glb5_petma Lgb2_lupla 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7