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11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
A drama is a story enacted onstage for a live
audience.




11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
    Origins of Drama
      The word drama comes from
        the Greek verb dran, which
        means “to do.”
        ▪ The earliest known plays . . .
           ▪ were written around the fifth
             century B.C.
           ▪ produced for festivals to honor
             Dionysus, the god of wine and
             fertility



    11/19/2011               gazel villadiego
Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves
characters who face a problem or conflict.
                                                Climax
                                       point of highest tension;
                                      action determines how the
                                       conflict will be resolved
             Complications
             tension builds


                                                  Resolution
Exposition                                        conflict is resolved;
characters and conflict                           play ends
are introduced

11/19/2011         gazel villadiego
Conflict is a struggle or clash
  between opposing
  characters or forces. A
  conflict may develop . . .
         between characters who want
          different things or the same thing
         between a character and his or her
          circumstances
         within a character who is torn by
          competing desires




11/19/2011                 gazel villadiego
A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily.
  • Most classic Greek tragedies deal with
    serious, universal themes such as

                                right and wrong
                                justice and injustice
                                life and death


• Tragedies pit human limitations against the
  larger forces of destiny.

11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a
tragic hero. This hero
                                          pride
  • is noble and in many
    ways admirable
 • has a tragic flaw, a         rebelliousness
   personal failing that
   leads to a tragic end
                                   jealousy




11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot
usually centers on a romantic conflict.
  boy meets girl                 boy loses girl   boy wins girl




11/19/2011         gazel villadiego
The main characters in a comedy could be
anyone:




     nobility                 townspeople   servants

11/19/2011      gazel villadiego
• Comic complications always
   occur before the conflict is
   resolved.




                                • In most cases, the play
                                  ends with a wedding.




11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
   Modern Comedies
     In modern comedies, the genders in this romantic
       plot pattern sometimes are reversed.




11/19/2011      gazel villadiego
A modern play
 • may be tragedy, comedy, or a mixture of the
   two
 • usually focuses on personal issues
 • usually is about ordinary people




11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
Modern playwrights often experiment with
unconventional plot structures.



  long flashbacks
                                           music


        visual projections
         of a character’s
        private thoughts



11/19/2011        gazel villadiego
When you read a play, remember that it is meant
to be performed for an audience.
Stage Directions                      Performance
Playwright describes setting             Theater artists bring the
and characters’ actions and               playwright’s vision to life
manner.                                   on the stage.
[Wyona is sitting on the couch.          The audience responds to
She sees Paul and jumps to her            the play and shares the
feet.]                                    experience.
Wyona. [Angrily.] What do
you want?



11/19/2011         gazel villadiego
   Theater artists include
     Actors
     Directors

     Lighting technicians

     Stage crew




11/19/2011           gazel villadiego
Stages can have many different sizes and
layouts.
 “Thrust” stage
 • The stage extends
   into the viewing area.
 • The audience
   surrounds the stage
   on three sides.




11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
“In the round” stage is surrounded by an
audience on all sides.




11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
Proscenium stage
 • The playing area extends behind an opening
   called a “proscenium arch.”
 • The audience sits on one side looking into the
   action.

                                    upstage
             stage right                       stage left


                                   downstage


11/19/2011      gazel villadiego
Stages in Shakespeare’s
 time were thrust stages.




11/19/2011       gazel villadiego
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the
world of the play. Scene design consists of
 • sets
 • lighting
 • costumes
 • props




11/19/2011    gazel villadiego
A stage’s set might be


             realistic and          abstract
               detailed           and minimal




11/19/2011     gazel villadiego
A lighting director skillfully uses light to change
the mood and appearance of the set.




11/19/2011    gazel villadiego
The costume director works with the director to
design the actors’ costumes.
 • Like sets, costumes can be

             detailed           minimal




11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
Props (short for properties) are items that the
characters carry or handle onstage.




 • The person in charge of props must make sure
   that the right props are available to the actors
   at the right moments.


11/19/2011    gazel villadiego
The characters’ speech may take any of the
following forms.
Dialogue: conversations of characters onstage
Monologue: long speech given by one character to others
Soliloquy: speech by a character alone onstage to himself or herself or
to the audience
Asides: remarks made to the audience or to one character; the other
characters onstage do not hear an aside




11/19/2011        gazel villadiego
Finally, a play needs an audience to

       experience the performance



       understand the story



       respond to the characters



11/19/2011     gazel villadiego
11/19/2011   gazel villadiego
This powerpoint was kindly donated to
  www.worldofteaching.com




  http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a
  thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a
  completely free site and requires no registration. Please
  visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.




11/19/2011      gazel villadiego

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Drama

  • 1. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 2. A drama is a story enacted onstage for a live audience. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 3. Origins of Drama  The word drama comes from the Greek verb dran, which means “to do.” ▪ The earliest known plays . . . ▪ were written around the fifth century B.C. ▪ produced for festivals to honor Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 4. Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict. Climax point of highest tension; action determines how the conflict will be resolved Complications tension builds Resolution Exposition conflict is resolved; characters and conflict play ends are introduced 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 5. Conflict is a struggle or clash between opposing characters or forces. A conflict may develop . . . between characters who want different things or the same thing between a character and his or her circumstances within a character who is torn by competing desires 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 6. A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily. • Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious, universal themes such as right and wrong justice and injustice life and death • Tragedies pit human limitations against the larger forces of destiny. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 7. The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a tragic hero. This hero pride • is noble and in many ways admirable • has a tragic flaw, a rebelliousness personal failing that leads to a tragic end jealousy 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 8. A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers on a romantic conflict. boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 9. The main characters in a comedy could be anyone: nobility townspeople servants 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 10. • Comic complications always occur before the conflict is resolved. • In most cases, the play ends with a wedding. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 11. Modern Comedies  In modern comedies, the genders in this romantic plot pattern sometimes are reversed. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 12. A modern play • may be tragedy, comedy, or a mixture of the two • usually focuses on personal issues • usually is about ordinary people 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 13. Modern playwrights often experiment with unconventional plot structures. long flashbacks music visual projections of a character’s private thoughts 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 14. When you read a play, remember that it is meant to be performed for an audience. Stage Directions Performance Playwright describes setting  Theater artists bring the and characters’ actions and playwright’s vision to life manner. on the stage. [Wyona is sitting on the couch.  The audience responds to She sees Paul and jumps to her the play and shares the feet.] experience. Wyona. [Angrily.] What do you want? 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 15. Theater artists include  Actors  Directors  Lighting technicians  Stage crew 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 16. Stages can have many different sizes and layouts. “Thrust” stage • The stage extends into the viewing area. • The audience surrounds the stage on three sides. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 17. “In the round” stage is surrounded by an audience on all sides. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 18. Proscenium stage • The playing area extends behind an opening called a “proscenium arch.” • The audience sits on one side looking into the action. upstage stage right stage left downstage 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 19. Stages in Shakespeare’s time were thrust stages. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 20. Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play. Scene design consists of • sets • lighting • costumes • props 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 21. A stage’s set might be realistic and abstract detailed and minimal 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 22. A lighting director skillfully uses light to change the mood and appearance of the set. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 23. The costume director works with the director to design the actors’ costumes. • Like sets, costumes can be detailed minimal 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 24. Props (short for properties) are items that the characters carry or handle onstage. • The person in charge of props must make sure that the right props are available to the actors at the right moments. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 25. The characters’ speech may take any of the following forms. Dialogue: conversations of characters onstage Monologue: long speech given by one character to others Soliloquy: speech by a character alone onstage to himself or herself or to the audience Asides: remarks made to the audience or to one character; the other characters onstage do not hear an aside 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 26. Finally, a play needs an audience to experience the performance understand the story respond to the characters 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 27. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego
  • 28. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching. 11/19/2011 gazel villadiego