1. RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Translation
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAMME
Ulises Ramirez Sanchez
General Line of Research: Applied linguistics
Nature of Research: Documentary Research

2. Abstract
The purpose of this research project is to make a correct
translation of the article “A usage-based on perspective on
language”. By Joan Bybee, which is a chapter of the book
Language, Usage and Cognition published in 2010. The
information given is about the language, the way can be use
and the cognitive process of language use. Moreover,
pointing to realize a precise translation of the chapter, some
research on the topic will be done. Book chapters and other
sources will be read. The translation will be done according
to the techniques learned by the translator in the
translations courses and helped by a tutor who is specialized
in the education field. Finally the analysis of the translation.

3. Introduction
Nowadays transmitting a word can be kind of difficult
even in our own language; therefore, language is a wide
area to explain. I will focus in one way of transmitting
words that is Translation. For Mildred Larson (1991),
translation consists of transferring without distortion
the meaning of the source language into the target
language, meaning which must be kept constant, even
when the form of the source language changes as it is
turned into the form of the target language.

4. Objectives
The main purpose, objective of this monograph is to
translate in the best, accurately, correctly and clearly
translation from English into Spanish a chapter called
“A usage-based on perspective on language‘’ by Joan
Bybee.
A secondary purpose of this translation project is to
make a good contribution for those who are interested
in reading from a cultural perspective. Not only
students but people who translate can have a good
benefit in the way that the text translated can be read it
for many people around the world

5. Review of literature
In this project I will use these different translating
techniques.
Direct Translation Techniques
Direct Translation Techniques are used when structural and conceptual elements of the
source language can be transposed into the target language. Direct translation techniques
include:
Borrowing
Calque
Literal Translation
Oblique Translation Techniques
Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source
language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and
stylistics elements of the target language. Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language(1997)
Oblique translation techniques include:
Transposition
Modulation
Reformulation or Equivalence
Adaptation
Compensation

6. Review of literature
In this project I will use these different translating
techniques.
Direct Translation Techniques
Direct Translation Techniques are used when structural and conceptual elements of the
source language can be transposed into the target language. Direct translation techniques
include:
Borrowing
Calque
Literal Translation
Oblique Translation Techniques
Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source
language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and
stylistics elements of the target language. Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language(1997)
Oblique translation techniques include:
Transposition
Modulation
Reformulation or Equivalence
Adaptation
Compensation