1. MUHAMMAD SHARIF ASHOK GULATI WAQAR AKHTAR BART MINTEN CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGO VALUE CHAIN IN PAKISTAN’S PUNJAB SOCIAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE (PARC) ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN Sep. 26, 2008 ISAB Conference, Banglore

8. Mapping the mango value chain Input provision Production Logistic / post harvest Retail Consumption Trade Seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, labour and machinery Planting and application of input use Handling, sorting, packing, loading and transporting Loading, transporting , unloading, storing, auctioning, transporting to pack house, unloading, grading, repacking, pre-cooling, loading, airport handling and custom clearance Loading, transporting, unloading, sorting and selling Consum- ption

9. Mapping value added throughout the in domestic retail mango value chain Value Value added Rs.10 – Rs.23/kg Rs.23 – Rs.24/kg Rs.24 – Rs.30/kg Rs.30 – Rs.40/kg Rs.13/kg Growers Contractor Wholesaler Retailer Rs.1/kg Rs.6/kg Rs.7.25 - Rs.10/kg Rs.10/kg Commission Agent Input Supplier Rs.7.25/kg Rs.2.75/kg

10. Mapping value added throughout the mango export value chain to UK market Value Value added Rs.15 – Rs.24/kg Rs.24 – Rs.25/kg Rs.25 – Rs.120/kg Rs.120 – Rs.130/kg Rs.9/kg Growers Contractor Exporters Importers Rs.1/kg Rs.95/kg Rs.10 - Rs.15/kg Rs.10/kg Commission Agent Rs.5/kg UK Retailers Rs.130 – Rs.230/kg Input supply Rs.10 Rs.100/kg

11. Profit Distribution – Marketing Marginal Analysis Rs./kg 75 7.5 2.5 10 40 Retailer 67 4.0 2.0 6 30 Wholesaler 50 0.5 0.5 1 - Commission agent 54 6.5 5.5 12 23 Contractor 28 2.75 7.25 10 10 Producer Percent profit Net profit Marketing cost Absolute cash margin Sale price Market agencies

12. Competitiveness Issues of Mango Value Chain 1. Comparative input costs CSF, 2007 800 900 1340 1600 Freight (40gt container $ to Japan) 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.09 Power ($/Kwh) 4000 196 290 173 Labor ($/month) 5.25 7.5 7 10.65 Capital (interest rate %) 80 41 55 17 Land ($/m 2 ) USA India Thailand Pakistan Inputs

14. Cont’d… 3. Sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) issues and action Compliance: In 2004 Pakistan ranked 32nd in the number of countries with consignments rejected by the EU. Pesticide residues: Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are exceeded. Studies suggest serious misuse of pesticides. Traceability: Farm and mango market records are non-existent. Such records are essential for mango exports to USA and Europe HACCP and GMP certifications: Some progress has been made with pack houses but it is limited. HACCP needs top be combined with Good Practices EuroGAP E-GAP: Certification is a focus for development especially in the mango industry. Post-harvest treatments: Specific post-harvest treatments are prescribed for mango exports. The industry is making some progress but facilities are generally inadequate and knowledge is lacking Pest risk assessment: Pakistan must be able to provide evidence of pest free areas

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21. World Ranking by Area-2005 MT Source: MINFAL 2006 51000 Bangladesh 12 3870200 World Total 53000 Vietnam 11 68000 Brazil 10 82000 Guinea 9 125000 Nigeria 8 151000 Pakistan 7 160000 Philipines 6 173837 Mexico 5 273440 Indonesia 4 285000 Thailand 3 433600 China 2 1,600,000 India 1 Area (Hactares) Country Rank

22. World Ranking by Mango Production-2005 195000 Sudan 19 200000 United Republic of Tanzania 18 203270 Dem Republic of Congo 17 1800000 Thailand 3 950000 Philippines 7 1478204 Indonesia 6 1503010 Mexico 5 1673900 Pakistan 4 187000 Guatemala 20 210000 Madagascar 16 230000 Cuba 15 243000 Bangladesh 14 260000 Haiti 13 268000 Peru 12 320000 Vietnam 11 380000 Egypt 10 730000 Nigeria 9 850000 Brazil 8 3673000 China 2 10800000 India 1 Production (Mt) Country Rank

23. Exporters of mangoes during the year 2004 1206 3984 3303 Kenya 20 672 4143 6169 Costa Rica 19 598 4166 6966 Yemen 18 500 5129 10264 Israel 17 1392 6250 4490 Germany 16 830 P 6690 P 8065 Haiti 15 1765 7953 4505 Spain 14 830 8236 9919 South Africa 13 1378 11021 7997 Belgium 12 1165 P 13356 P 11460 Co^te d^Ivoire 11 478 15825 33097 Thailand 10 1677 16524 9854 France 9 442 18133 41065 Ecuador 8 290 23779 82059 Pakistan 7 1033 36895 35720 Philippines 6 721 43131 59830 Peru 5 1170 59110 50512 Netherlands 4 578 64304 111181 Brazil 3 596 93100 156222 India 2 512 108794 212505 Mexico 1 Unit Value US$ Values (000 US$) Quantity (Mt) Country Sr.#

24. Importers of Mangoes during the year 2004 1863 64715 34744 France 3 931 70497 75710 Netherlands 2 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 1 Sr.# 1331 2386 1792 Denmark 1771 2933 1656 Norway 1490 4228 2837 Sweden 1309 4837 3694 Austria 112 5008 * 44699 Malaysia 726 P 5524 P 7610 Kuwait 1485 5668 3817 Italy 238 P 8758 P 36763 Bangladesh 2420 12035 4974 Switzerland 1168 12742 10910 Belgium 1213 14507 11955 Spain 1301 22364 17193 Portugal 500 P 28730 P 57473 United Arab Emirates 666 P 38540 P 57904 Saudi Arabia 3182 40269 12657 Japan 1314 42980 32708 Germany 1184 43255 36545 U.K 653 180351 276278 USA Unit Value US$ Values (000 US$) Quantity (Mt) Country

25. Exports of Mangoes from Pakistan 290 23779 82059 2004 298 18007 60441 2003 303 14424 47561 2002 317 16649 52465 2001 321 15558 48453 2000 198 7519 37971 1999 158 6377 40251 1998 231 5784 25058 1997 225 4124 18361 1996 193 3208 16628 1995 Unit Value (US$) Value (000 US$) Quantity (Mt) Year

26. Province-wise area of Mango in Pakistan (‘000’ Hectares) 164.5 1.4 0.3 50.7 112.1 2006-07 156.6 1.4 0.3 50.0 104.9 2005-06 151.5 1.4 0.3 49.2 100.6 2004-05 103.1 1.4 0.30 47.1 54.3 2003-04 102.8 2.0 0.3 46.5 54.0 2002-03 99.0 2.3 0.2 45.8 50.7 2001-02 97.0 2.3 0.2 45.0 49.5 2000-01 Pakistan Balochistan NWFP Sindh Punjab Year

27. Province-wise Production of Mango in Pakistan (‘000’tonnes) 1719.2 5.8 3.4 353.4 1356.6 2006-07 1753.9 6.5 3.2 352.4 1391.8 2005-06 1671.2 6.5 3.2 349.6 1311.9 2004-05 1055.9 6.6 3.1 338.4 707.8 2003-04 1034.6 11.3 3.2 335.9 648.2 2002-03 1037.1 12.8 2.5 371.5 650.3 2001-02 989.9 12.3 2.3 340.3 634.9 2000-01 Pakistan Balochistan NWFP Sindh Punjab Year

28. Farm Reporting Mango Fruit and Trees 11885 86417 98302 5765 92537 3848 Pakistan 29139 92877 122016 11885 110131 7912 NWFP 156984 2652994 2809978 378595 2431383 31898 Sindh 1204167 4455535 5659702 958497 4701205 267660 Punjab 1042175 7287823 8689998 1354742 7335256 311318 Pakistan Scattered Incompact Plantation Total Non-Bearing Bearing No. of Farms reporting Mango Particulars No. of Mango Trees

29. NUMBER AND AREA OF ORCHARDS BY SIZE OF ORCHARD PUNJAB 100 172607 100 141486 All 18 30396 1 1725 Large (10 ha and above ) 13 22208 2 3349 Medium ( 5 to <10 ha) 69 120003 97 136412 Small (< 5 Ha) PERCENT AREA PERCENT NUMBER (HECTARES ORCHARD AREA ORCHARDS SIZE OF ORCHARD

30. Trends in Area, Production and Yield of Mango in Punjab 13041 1311.9 100.6 2005 13268 1391.8 104.9 2006 12102 1356.6 112.1 2007 707.8 684.2 650.3 634.9 603.8 582.8 586.2 602.4 Production (000 Tons) 13035 12670 12826 12826 12475 12041 12162 12524 Yield (kgs/ha) 54.3 2004 54.0 2003 50.7 2002 49.5 2001 48.4 2000 48.4 1999 48.2 1998 48.1 1997 Area (000 ha) Crop

31. District-wise area and production of Mango in Punjab 2005-06 1391786 104879 Grand Total 5591 567 Kasur 5375 486 Lahore 599 55 Sheikhupura 18672 1350 Bahawalnagar 262 37 Hafizabad 369513 22257 Rahimyar Khan 213 28 Guiranwala 59383 4350 Bahawalpur 900 108 Narowal 10568 917 Rajanpur 550 66 Sialkot 1524 142 D.G. Khan 62 8 M.B. Din 1806 152 Layyah 102 14 Gu jrat 219282 19020 M. Garh 19407 1753 Jhang 30054 2671 Vehari 9196 1028 Toba Tek Singh 144670 13071 Khanewal 8008 782 Faisalabad 4468 384 Lodhran 13323 1313 Bhakkar 431173 30756 Multan 761 69 Mianwali 944 93 Pakpattan 42 6 Khushab 19913 1963 Sahiwal 1344 182 Sargodha 14071 1250 Okara 10 1 Rawalpindi Production (Tonnes) Area (Hectares) Districts Production (Tonnes) Area (Hectares) Districts

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