1. Using baseline
data to inform
programming
2nd Ministerial Review Conference on the
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development - Geneva,
31 October and 1 November 2011

2. Two Sectors to Influence:
1 - Process & Activities
Partnership based on Comparative Mandate aimed at
Provides ‘Community Based Security Sector Governance’
National framework:
Somali Community Safety Framework
Community framework:
Community Safety Plan

3. Influencing activities at the community level
Security Sector Governance
-police, justice,
-local authorities, and
-the community.
Community Safety Process
Community Safety Community Safety Implementation &
Diagnostic Plan Monitoring

4. Influencing policy and mechanisms – Peace & Justice
National Level
Ministry of Interior Policy Devt. &
Coordination
Community Security &
Peace Building Observatory
Secretariat
Regional
Clan
Level
Regional Council
Conflict / Border
District Level
District Council
Prevention
& Response
District Safety
Committee

5. How data influences policy and activities
Research
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
Training
• Policy The Observatory training centre at
University of Hargeisa, January 2011
• Practitioners
Knowledge Management
• Somali Community Safety Framework
• Policy Development

6. Key Findings
Baseline Survey

7. EACH COMMUNITY IS
SPECIFIC

8. Reasons Reasons for not going to Court (%)
for not going to Court (%)
Mogadishu Galkayo Las Anod
1.3 12.2
7.1 30.1 14.4 18.5
36.2
39.2
18.5 14.4
17.4
7.0 10.8
19.2 10.0 23.4
2.2 3.9
Burao
Bossaso
13.2
23.6 22.3
40.6
17.2
16.0
25.9
6.3 10.9
4.0
2.9 4.0

9. Perpetrator of Assault (Freq. %)

10. Causes of Conflict (Freq. %)

11. Who are the Victims
of Violence

12. Death (top) & Assault (bottom) by age and gender
16
14
12
10
8 Male
6 Female
4
2
0
<5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
60
50
40
Male
30
Female
20
10
0
<5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 >=70

13. Victim of sexual violence by age and gender
25
20
15 Male
Female
10
5
0
5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44

14. State and non-state
actors

15. Leverage of the community over non-state armed groups
Very high
Very low 17%
25%
High
8%
Low
6%
Average
44%

16. Level of organisation of non-state armed groups
4%
4%
Loose alliance of
individuals
Group following a leader
37% Hierarchical organisation
55% with middle management
Sophisticated organisation
with financial networks

17. Security Providers: Trust vs. Accessibility
Trust Accessibility
50.0 50.0
40.0 40.0
30.0 30.0
Community
elders
20.0 20.0
10.0 10.0
Religious
0.0 leaders 0.0
-10.0 -10.0
-20.0 Police -20.0
-30.0 -30.0
-40.0
Court

18. Policing has never been a function of the state alone
Community-
based
policing
Civilian forums
Private
security security
committees guards
Madani / IDP
District security
militias
Clan militias
Neighborhood
watch groups

19. Gender
and Violence

20. Unsafe feeling by gender (Freq. %)
90 82.9
80 74.3
70
60
Male
50 43.1
40 33.1 31.5 32.5 Female
30 25.3
20 15.2
10 1.3 0.5
0
Mogadishu Galkayo Las Anod Burao Bosasso

21. Reasons for female non-participation in meetings (%)
Husband becomes jealous / lack of 10.4
trust in loyalty 15.2
Male household member dislikes 22.4
female visibility in decision 24.2
Female
Female household member feel 32.8 Male
uncomfortable of participation 24.2
Family thinks women should focus on 34.3
family issues 36.4
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
Bosasso

22. Gender Matters
Las Anod, Trust in public authorities (Weighted %)
30.0 25.1
24.3 24.9
21.8
20.0
10.0
0.0
-2.6 -3.3
-10.0 Male
Female
-20.0
-30.0 -27.9 -26.9
-40.0
Clan, community Religious leaders Police Court
elders

23. Comprehensive Intervention
District Safety Committee
TOOLS -
CAUSES of Firearms
violence Control
ACTORS – 50% Women’s Civic
armed groups labour
Protection Unit
Restorative Justice
Parole & Probation

24. Challenges
1. Synchronise financial resources, politic, and
capacity
2. Overcoming pre-conceived ideas and building
flexibility to be more responsive
3. Expensive and time consuming
4. Partnership: State and non-state actors, UN
Agencies; UNICEF-UNDP-ILO

25. The Bill
Brookman
Foundation
Mahadsanid!
Thank you!

26. I lost mother at 6 years, send to jail for stealing a piece of bread
by grandmother at 11 for 3 months. Met new friends and after my
released, joined them on the street, and learned how to sniff
glue, fight, rob, and rape. Soon I created by own gang but was
caught again by the police. After being released, I heard about
Youth at-Risk project. I decided to give it a chance because I never
want to go back to the jail again”. (Ismael, 12)
Ahmed, 11 years old, my mother died and my father abandon me.
Leader of a gang, we recently stoned to death another member of
a rival gang. Our main area of operation is the port. We clean the
marines’ shoes, and offer sexual services to foreign in exchange for
fuel, that we resell at the market. I was brought to the centre by an
old mama.
Ali, 26 years old, pirate. As a fisherman, I new how to operate a boat
and was recruited by a pirate gang. We went out to sea to capture a
boat, failed once, failed twice. During the third mission, soldiers
opened fire at us and killed my best friend. I barely made it alive. This
is now my opportunity to leave piracy and reform through the Youth at
Risk programme.

27. Two Sectors to Influence:
2 - Policy work
Focus policy development on community demand:
1. Identify issues that require policy
development
2. Identify issues of common concern
3. Structure and mechanisms capable to
sustain community intervention
4. Monitoring and response mechanism
5. Independent capacity for assessment
(Observatory)

28. Crime and Victimisation Survey
• Survey by household:  144 questions
– Face to face with trained (UNICRI methodology)
enumerators (JCCP-SOCDA)
– Oct. 2009 – Jul. 2010 ▫ Sociological profile
(localisation, clan, occupation, resi
dence status, spending, education)
• District samples:
– Mogadishu: 1600 ▫ Witnessing and general
victimisation
– Galkayo: 700
– Las Anod: 800 ▫ Fear of crime
– Bossaso: 800 ▫ Community conflicts
– Burao: 800 ▫ Crime (property
crime, assault, homicide, sexual
violence, forced detention)
• Analysis tools:
– SPSS (sign: p≤.05) ▫ Perpetrators & Firearms
– Mapcommander ▫ Crime reporting
▫ Security providers

29. interventions
1. Regulate private guards and militias
2. Mechanism to enforce decision of the court and
establish out of court settlement (Restorative justice)
3. Urban planning; (Violence Prevention Through Environmental Design).
4. Sheikh to review marriage process; (high dowry forces rape)
5. Public forums of discussion:
6. Registration and marking system for property; i.e.
livestock
7. Rehabilitation of former inmates, repeat offender (parole
and probation system to decongest the prisons)