1. Migration Models >
Ravenstein’s Law

2. Reason for Movement

3. Lee’s Migration Model

4. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A

5. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B

6. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
+ -
0

7. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
+ - + -
0 0

8. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
+ - + -
0 0

9. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
+ - + -
0 0

10. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
Intervening Obstacles
+ - + -
0 0

11. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
Intervening Obstacles
+ - + -
0 0

12. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
Intervening Obstacles
+ - + -
0 Intervening Place 0

13. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
Intervening Obstacles
+ - + -
0 Intervening Place 0
+ -
0

14. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
Intervening Obstacles
+ - + -
0 Intervening Place 0
?
+ -
0

15. Lee’s Migration Model
Location A Location B
Intervening Obstacles
+ - + -
0 Intervening Place 0
?
+ -
0
Source: Adapted from Global Challenge. Alistair McNaught and Michael Witherick. Longman. 2001.

16. Patterns of Movement

17. Ravenstein’s Laws

18. Ravenstein’s Laws
Studied patterns of migration in the UK in the 1880s.

19. Ravenstein’s Laws
Studied patterns of migration in the UK in the 1880s.
The model is based on a series of predictive statements.

20. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 1

21. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 1
Most migrants move only relatively short distances.

22. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 1
Most migrants move only relatively short distances.
There is an inverse relationship between the number of migrants and distance
travels.

23. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 1
Most migrants move only relatively short distances.
There is an inverse relationship between the number of migrants and distance
travels.
Distance decay.

24. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 1
Most migrants move only relatively short distances.
There is an inverse relationship between the number of migrants and distance
travels.
Distance decay.

25. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 2

26. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 2
People who do move long distances are largely unaware of the opportunities
that are available at their destination.

27. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 2
People who do move long distances are largely unaware of the opportunities
that are available at their destination.
So … they tend to move to large urban centres.

28. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 2
People who do move long distances are largely unaware of the opportunities
that are available at their destination.
So … they tend to move to large urban centres.

29. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 3

30. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 3
Migration occurs in stages.

31. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 4

32. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 4
People in rural areas are much more likely to migrate than those in urban
centres.

33. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 4
People in rural areas are much more likely to migrate than those in urban
centres.
Based on the exponential growth of cities (natural increase + rural-urban
migration).

34. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 5

35. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 5
A typical migrant:

36. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 5
A typical migrant:
• Women are more likely to migrate within their county than men.

37. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 5
A typical migrant:
• Women are more likely to migrate within their county than men.
• Men are more likely to emigrate than women.

38. Ravenstein’s Law - Number 5
A typical migrant:
• Women are more likely to migrate within their county than men.
• Men are more likely to emigrate than women.
• Most migrants are 24-35 years old.