Presentation on news media in UK and globally to Vietnamese journalism students and editors

1. NEWS MEDIAChanges and challenges George Brock Professor and Head of Journalism City University London Vietnam, March 2011 City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 1

2. Ideas which have shaped journalism in Britain Coffee houses Separation from the state City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 2

3. Ideas which have shaped journalism in Britain Long continuities The Spectator, founded 1711 City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 3

4. Journalism develops Plural competition Political controversy Regional newspapers built local identities Papers preceded political parties Technology “Mixed economy” of private ownership and regulation City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 4

5. British newspapers in the 20th century City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 5

6. The UK media market gets crowded City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 6 Radio 1922 Television 1946 Cable TV 1960s Satellite TV 1989 Internet 1995

7. Pressures of proliferation Fragmentation more significant than conglomeration 1960: 8 national daily papers, 3 radio stations, 1 TV channel 2010: 9 national dailies, hundreds of radio stations and TV channels, millions of websites Audiences for main TV evening news bulletins have fallen by 50% over 20 years City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 7

8. Newspapers decline: Germany City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 8 Circulations of newspapers in Germany (in millions)

9. Just holding their own: Australia City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 9

10. Downward: US City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 10 Circulations of newspapers in the US (in millions)

11. Old certainties disappear News moves between platforms Shared and swopped between users Are bloggers journalists? Broad news packages suffer, niche players flourish Business is tougher City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 11

12. Not all news media, not worldwide The business model which is suffering is daily printed newspapers in Europe and US. Even daily newspapers are doing fine in India, China and Brazil. Magazines are flourishing Terrestrial television news struggles Satellite and cable does better Radio holds its own (thanks to the internet) City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 12

13. Persistent erosion in circulation (7,5% in 2010) Newspaper division only accounts for 14% of the revenue Since 2004, for each dollar added to online revenue, the paper lost $5 on print Kaplan Education division accounts for 62% Without its education unit, the company might have not survived recent years City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 13

14. Washington Post revenues City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 14

15. The Times of London City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 15

16. The Times – print circulation City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 16

17. The newer version City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 17

18. Balancing print and online Paper vs digital is over A new grammar for news journalism Paywall But... The advantages of open competition City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 18

19. Dilemmas of the future Words If anyone can be a journalist, what defines a journalist? Rebuilding the idea of journalism: 4 key functions Verification, making sense, eye-witness, investigation Ethics and training matters! City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 19

20. How much does the UK, Europe and US experience matter? Print`s monopoly is gone So plan for the future City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 20

21. City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 21

22. City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 22

23. Our experience Societies decide what journalism they want Journalism has flourished and grown in open societies Where power is accountable and the people in charge can be changed (at elections) Journalists are rarely popular Power of innovation: new ways of sustaining journalism will be found City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 23

24. www.georgebrock.net @georgeprof www.city.ac.uk/journalism City University London www.city.ac.uk/journalism 24