HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
End cold war_interps
1.
2. Triumphalists Critics
• Impact of Reagan’s foreign policy
on USSR ended Cold War
▫ Reagan’s hard-line stance
▫ Pressure on USSR
▫ SDI, military spending
Supported by Thatcher
• USSR long term issues re over-
commitment to military spending
▫ Worsened by Afghanistan
• Reagan little impact
▫ USSR already knew it couldn’t
continue
▫ May have delayed end of Cold
War
3. • Divided
• Some say US pressure big impact
▫ Covert actions of CIA especially
▫ Gorbachev gave in to pressure
Russian nationalists especially hold this view
US aim long term = destroy USSR, weaken Russia
• Others defend Gorbachev
▫ New Political Thinking important
Alternative to superpower conduct based on fear and
confrontation
4. • Polish Pope
▫ Solidarity in Poland
▫ Christian faith strong
• Encouragement to stand up for human rights
• Role can be over-stated
▫ Influential in Poland
▫ Elsewhere Catholicism not as strong
Eastern Orthodox, Protestantism
5. • Another area of debate...
• Triumphalists:
▫ Difficult to trust because of his aims
Retain status as Superpower
Maintain global interests
Increase influence by more especially via non-military means
▫ Reforms designed to strengthen USSR
By revitalising both economy and political leadership
• Critics disagree...
Spitting Image view of
Gorbachev and USSR
6. • Some see him as hero ending Cold War
• Gorbachev = the difference
▫ Gorbachev’s intentions, attitudes to West
Key factor
Reduced tensions, fear
• New Political Thinking:
▫ Alternative conduct of relations
No longer based on fear, confrontation
Prepared to make concessions
7. • Soviet system itself
▫ Weaknesses in communism as an
ideology
Undermined Soviet system
Collapse of communism “inevitable”
• People Power!
▫ Consequence of failure of communist
regimes
▫ Regimes lost touch
With people, even own politics
8. • Some argue only possible because of Gorbachev
▫ People Power only able to develop because of change
in Soviet leadership
New Political Thinking
Gorbachev again
• Or a generational shift..?
▫ Based on new evidence from USSR
▫ Attitudes of Soviet people changed
Memories of World War II faded, died
No need defend against Nazism
▫ No need spread communist ideology
▫ No need adhere strictly to CPSU