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WHAT OUR CLIENTS ARE SAYING ABOUT AMDS & GIS…



  "Compared to the data and system we're using now,
   Geoscape is like Star Wars — for present and future. "

             -- Carlos Guzman, President                    "I really like Geoscape's Retail Target™ because it helps us
         The Flyer-A Division of Harte Hanks                     understand demographics around our clients' locations
                                                                            to optimize or marketing campaigns."

                                                                 -- Gonzalo Parral, Hispanic Marketing Manager
                                                                                    GE Money




"The American Marketscape DataStream™ is of critical
     importance for marketers to have the latest in-depth
   data for today's diverse ethnic populations—marketers
   and demographers will find the Hispanic acculturation,   "Geoscape's American Marketscape DataStream™ helps us
      language, and other ethnicity measures extremely            identify key segments of the Latino community as we
         valuable for retail and all other industries."        expand our industry-leading Latino-focused products and
                                                               marketing nationwide. The rich population data enables us
-- Luisa Acosta-Franco, Vice President of Multicultural          to target what we consider the largest "foreign" market
                Markets; Farmers Insurance                        within our own borders, and to easily generate clear,
                                                                     concise maps for analysis and decision-making."

                                                             -- Russell A. Bennett, Vice President; United Healthcare
                                                                              Latino Health Solutions
Introduction
    Dear Friend and Colleague,

    The American Marketscape DataStream™ (AMDS) is a data resource that reflects the multi-dimensional
    character of American population and households summarized by geographic area—from the block group
    and ZIP code all the way up to the nation as a whole. Geoscape® built AMDS to reflect current and
    forecasted data points that prove valuable for hundreds of corporations in both business planning and
    execution, across a variety of industries.

    Geoscape® employs a multi-disciplinary methodology to update certain demographic data published by
    public service entities such as the Census Bureau, and extends this information by defining cultural
    segmentation and socioeconomic stratification data as well as a plethora of powerful consumer spending
    potential data.

    This document is intended as a planning guide and accompanies the full data resource that is available in a
    digital format within the Geoscape Intelligence System (GIS) and through a variety of analytic and
    consulting services to address both strategic and tactical objectives.

    This document is available as a courtesy of Geoscape® and we kindly ask that appropriate reference is
    made, including vintage year, in any publications. For more information on Geoscape®, AMDS, systems,
    analytics and consulting services, please contact a Client Advisor at 1-888-211-9353 or info@geoscape.com.


    César M Melgoza
    Founder & CEO
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                                     3
CONTENTS

                           02                                                 08                                                          27
              WHAT OUR CLIENTS ARE                                    CULTURAL DIVERSITY                                            ACCULTURATION
             SAYING ABOUT AMDS & GIS                        09     Population Change by Ethnicity/Race               28    Acculturation: Hispanicity™ Codes
                                                            10     Growth from 1990 to 2016 by Ethnicity/            29    Hispanicity™ Among Top 5 DMAs
                                                            Race                                                     30    Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix (descriptions)
                                                             11    Population Growth 1990 to 2016                    31    Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix (counts & indices)
                                                            12     U.S. Population: 2011 by Ethnic Group             32    Hispanicity™ & Life Stage Matrix (counts & indices )
                                                            13     From the 11 year period 2000 to 2011…             33    Hispanicity™ & Country or Origin Matrix (counts &
                           06                               14     Multicultural Boom
                                                                                                                     34
                                                                                                                            indices)
                                                                                                                           Micro Targeting by Hispanicity™ Dimensions
                GEOSCAPE® PROVIDES                                                                                   35    Hispanic Language Usage

                                                                              15                                     36
                                                                                                                     37
                                                                                                                     38
                                                                                                                           Hispanic Language Usage Among Top Five DMAs
                                                                                                                           Hispanic by Age Range Distribution
                                                                                                                           Blacks by Age Range Distribution
                                                                       REGIONAL SHIFTS                               39    Asian Americans by Age Range Distribution
                                                                                                                     40    Country of Origin: Hispanics
                                                            16     Multicultural America by County in 1980
                                                                                                                     41    Country of Origin: Hispanics in Five States
                                                            17     Multicultural America by County in 2016
                                                                                                                     42    Hispanic Foreign Born Population by Country
                                                            18     Majority-Minority Counties in 2011
                                                                                                                     43    Asianicity™ Asian American Acculturation
                                                            19     Hispanic Population Concentration 1980
                           07                               20
                                                            21
                                                                   Hispanic Population Dispersion 2016
                                                                   African American Population Concentration 2011
                                                                                                                     44
                                                                                                                     45
                                                                                                                     46
                                                                                                                           Asianicity™ & Asian SES Matrix (counts & indices)
                                                                                                                           Asianicity™ & Life Stage Matrix (counts & indices)
                                                                                                                           Asianicity™ & Country of Origin Matrix (counts &
                                                            22     Asian Population Concentration 2011
        AMDS METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW                           23     Hispanic & Non Hispanic White Population Growth
                                                                                                                          indices)
                                                                                                                     47    Country of Origin: Asian Americans
                                                                   from 1990 to 2016
                                                                                                                     48    Country of Origin: Asian Americans in Five States
                                                            24     Top 25 States with Largest Population Counts
                                                            25     Top 25 DMAs with Largest Population Counts
                                                                                                                     49    Asian Foreign Born Population by Country
                                                            26     Top 25 DMAs with Highest Growth Rates Between
                                                                   1990-2016

Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                                                                                                     4
CONTENTS

                           50                                                62                                           65
                    FACTS & FIGURES                                 MULTICULTURAL DMAs                         BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS
         51    Legal Immigration 2000 to 2009                 63   Top Ten Multicultural DMAs             66   Practical Applications for Business Situations
         52    Unauthorized Immigrants in the U.S.            64   DMA Percent Multicultural Population
                                                                   >500,000 Ranked by Multicultural Pop
                                                                   Counts



                           53                                                                                             67
                        ECONOMICS                                                                                       GLOSSARY
         54    Median Household Income by Culture Group                                                   68 Glossary
         55    Income Ranges by Ethnicity/Race
         56    Annual Aggregate Hispanic Consumer
               Expenditures per Household in USD
         57    Annual Aggregate African American Consumer
               Expenditures per Household in USD
         58    Annual Aggregate Asian American Consumer
               Expenditures per Household in USD
         59    Top Hispanic Consumer Spending Categories
         60    Top Asian Consumer Spending Categories
         61    Hispanics and Asians drive consumer spending
               growth




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                                                                                       5
Geoscape® Provides
        Actionable intelligence fueled by unique data, technology and experience
         — accelerating growth in a culturally-diverse business environment.

                                                                        Data Resources
                                      • AMDS Geo-demographics                                • HomeBase - Consumer Lists
                                      • CSDx Spending Potential                              • BizBase - Business Lists
                                      • BehaviorBase                                         • MediaBase
                                                 –   Healthcare                                      – Coverage Data
                                                 –   Auto Insurance                                  – Circulation Data
                                                 –   The Media Audit
                                                 –   Mediamark
                                                                                                                          Research Analytics
       Technology                                                         Actionable                               • Ground-Truth™ Segmentation
   • Geoscape Intelligence System                                        Intelligence                              • Retail Trade Distribution
   • DirecTarget® SDK                                                    for a culturally-                         • Customer Data Enrichment
                                                                        diverse business                           • Descriptive Customer Profiles
                                                                          environment                              • Predictive Modeling
                                                                                                                   • Sampling Design
                                                                                                                   • Quantitative Surveys
                                                                                                                   • Qualitative Focus Groups
                                                                                                                   • Conjoint Trade-off Modeling
                    • Combined Deliverables                                                            • Strategic Planning
                        • Custom Databases                                                             • Opportunity Assessment
                       • Integrated Systems                 Solutions                   Consulting     • Business Planning Support
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                                                                     6
AMDS Methodology Overview
     Multicultural population & household data – uniquely precise.
     Planning Year & Five-Year forecast market data; 2011/2016, July 1st vintage date.



                                                              In-depth representation of                        Over 1,500 indicators on
          Macro-to-micro coverage
                                                              U.S. cultural diversity                           various subject areas
                                                            • Employs proprietary household & individual      • Identifies cultural populations missed by the
         • U.S., state, Nielsen Designated Market Area        level data.                                       Census.
           (DMA), metro area, county, congressional                                                               – Helps rectify the under-count in recent
           district, ZIP code, census tract and block       • Utilizes proprietary DirecTarget® Technology.         immigrant groups.
           group levels.
                                                            • Incorporates dozens of public and private       • Includes building permit & residential build-out
                                                              source data sets including primary research       data.
                                                              surveys.
          • Built from the “ground-up” not the other way
                                                                                                              • Language, Income, Socioeconomic Status
            around by a team of specialized
                                                                                                                (SES), Country of Origin, Consumer Spending,
            demographers, statistical modelers &            • 1990 & 2000 Census data to present
                                                                                                                Age Cohorts, Acculturation (Hispanicity™
            database programmers in a perennial effort        geographic areas; for time series.
                                                                                                                and Asianicity™ segmentation), Technology
            to stay at the cutting-edge of research.                                                            Adoption and many others.
                                                            • Incorporates the American Community Survey
                                                              (Census Bureau) & integrates various
                                                              government data sources.
                                                                                                              • Features 337 detailed Consumer Spending
                                                                                                                Dynamix™ (CSDx) indicators by major ethnicity
                                                                                                                group, plus 15 major category and 4 summary
                                                                                                                variables.


Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                                                                                          7
Cultural Diversity

                                               THE CHANGING FACE OF
                                               AMERICA




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.             8
Population Change by Ethnicity/Race
                                       By 2016, the population in the three largest ethnic groups will be more than 110.5 million and Hispanics will represent
                                                                                     over half of that population.
                                                                 Asian & PI*      Black*          Hispanic
                                                                                                                                                             Non Hispanic White          Hispanic      Black        Asian          HBA Combined
                                     80,000,000                                                                                             100%

                                                 Hispanics became the                                                                           90%
                                                                                                                                                                                   The Non-Hispanic White population
                                               largest ―minority‖ group                                                                                                                will be about equal in size to
       US Population (in millions)




                                                                                                                                                80%
                                     60,000,000    in 2000 and have                                                                                                                  Hispanic+Black+Asian in 2050.
                                                  continued to surge.                                                                           70%




                                                                                                                                      Percent
                                                                                                                                                60%

                                     40,000,000                                                                                                 50%

                                                                                                                                                40%

                                                                                                                                                30%
                                     20,000,000
                                                                                                                                                20%

                                                                                                                                                10%

                                             0                                                                                                  0%
                                                  1960    1970           1980      1990           2000       2011         2016
                                                                                                                                                       2000      2005    2010     2015     2020     2025    2030    2035    2040    2045   2050
                                                                                Years                                                                                                          Years




       Population                                          1960                         1970                     1980                                 1990                        2000                       2011                    2016
                              Asian & PI*                 980,337                       980,337                3,500,439                         6,994,034                      10,410,556                 14,717,118              16,518,783

                                   Black*                18,871,831                22,580,289                 26,495,025                         29,284,605                     33,707,230                 38,021,109              39,945,184

                                Hispanic                  2,181,409                 9,589,216                 14,608,673                         21,898,546                     35,238,481                 51,233,818              58,398,328

                                   Other                 157,198,598               170,062,084               181,941,668                        190,507,602                   202,065,639                  207,880,430             212,277,086
                                    Total                179,232,175               203,211,926               226,545,805                        248,684,787                   281,421,906                  312,180,883             326,127,959


     Note: Population in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (3.99 million) is not included in Hispanic population figures.
     * 2000-2011-2016 numbers for Asian and Black are for Non-Hispanic; 2011 and 2016 Estimates as of July 1.
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                                    Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series and the U.S. Census Bureau.                                         9
Growth from 1990 to 2016 by
                                     Ethnicity/Race
       The Non-Hispanic White population is a decreasing proportion of the U.S. population while Asians, Blacks and especially
                                          Hispanics are forming a larger part of our nation.


                                                                         N-H White          N-H Black           N-H Asia & N-H PI                Hispanic
                                   80.0%
                                           75.8%


                                                                           69.1%
                                   70.0%
                                                                                                                    64.7%
                                                                                                                                                            62.7%

                                   60.0%



                                   50.0%
              Percent Population




                                   40.0%



                                   30.0%



                                   20.0%
                                                                                                                                                                                   17.9%
                                                                                                                                            16.4%
                                   10.0%           11.8%                           12.0%          12.5%                     12.2%                                   12.2%
                                                                  8.8%                                                               4.7%                                   5.1%
                                                           2.8%                            3.7%

                                    0.0%
                                                     1990                            2000                                       2011                                  2016
                                                                                                          Years



Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                          Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                                         10
Population Growth 1990 to 2016
                                 Hispanic             Non-Hispanic Black                   Non-Hispanic Asian & Pacific Islander                    All Other Non-Hispanic




                                    100.0%
                                                                                                                                      21.9%
                                                                                       20.0%
                                     90.0%                                                                                                               From 2000 to 2011,
                                                        35.3%                                                                                              Asians, Blacks &
                                     80.0%
                                                                                                                                                         Hispanics accounted
                                                                                       14.0%                                          12.9%
                                                                                                                                                           for about 80% of
                                     70.0%
                                                                                                                                                          population growth,
                Percent Growth




                                     60.0%              10.4%                          14.0%                                          13.8%
                                                                                                                                                            while Hispanics
                                                                                                                                                         accounted for nearly
                                     50.0%                                                                                                              52% of growth during
                                                        13.5%
                                                                                                                                                              that period!
                                     40.0%


                                     30.0%

                                                                                       52.0%
                                     20.0%              40.7%                                                                         51.4%


                                     10.0%


                                      0.0%


                                             Growth 1990-2000
                                                                           Growth 2000-2011
                                                                                                                        Growth 2011-2016
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                    Source: US Census Bureau for 1990 and Geoscape for 2016 projections.                            11
U.S. Population: 2011 by Ethnic Group
          About one-third of America’s population is of either Asian, Black or Hispanic origin; however, these proportions vary
          dramatically at the state and metropolitan area levels. Many companies include Puerto Rico within their U.S. marketing
                             efforts, with just over 4 million residents in 2011, which is not included in this chart.



                                       Non-Hispanic Other   Non-Hispanic Black              Non-Hispanic Asian & Pacific Islander     Hispanic




                                                                                                                                      12%




                                                                                                                                      5%
                                         67%                                        33%




                                                                                                                                      16%




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.           Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.              12
From the 11 year period 2000 to 2011…
                          Massive growth during this period, increasingly diversifying the American population.




                                                            NEARLY 16 MILLION ADDITIONAL HISPANICS
                                                                          45% growth during period
                                                                       52% of the total population growth

                                              MORE THAN 4.3 MILLION ADDITIONAL NON-HISPANIC BLACKS
                                                                          13% growth during period
                                                                       14% of the total population growth

                                         OVER 4.3 MILLION MORE NON-HISPANIC ASIAN-PACIFIC ISLANDERS
                                                                          41% growth during period
                                                                       14% of the total population growth

                                                              30.8 MILLION MORE PEOPLE OVERALL
                                                 Nearly 24.6 million persons and 80% of growth from these 3 cultural groups

Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.              Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series   13
Multicultural Boom
                                            Robust, but with some slowing during current economic downturn.




                                                            NEW POPULATION FROM 2011 TO 2016
                                                              1,432,902 Hispanic Americans per year
                                                             119,409 per month, 3,923 per day, 163.5 per hour


                                                  384,815 African American and Black Non-Hispanics per year
                                                              32,068 per month, 1,054 per day, 43.9 per hour


                                                      360,333 Asian & Pacific Islander Non-Hispanics per year
                                                               30,028 per month, 987 per day, 41.1 per hour



Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.             Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series   14
Regional Shifts

                                               NOTEWORTHY EVOLUTION
                                               OF KEY AMERICAN
                                               SUBCULTURES




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.             15
Multicultural America by County in 1980
                                                              Excluding
                                                             Non-Hispanic
                                                            White Population




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                  Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series   16
Multicultural America by County in 2016




                                                                                                 Multicultural
                                                                                               expansion affects
                                                                                              nationwide growth


Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.   Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series   17
Majority-Minority Counties in 2011
                                                                     Non-Hispanic Whites are the
                                                                   minority in an increasing number
                                                                    of counties - 326 in 2011. Those                              • Top 25 Counties
                                                                     listed at right are ranked by                           •   Los Angeles, CA
                                                                   multicultural population in 2011.                         •   Cook, IL
                                                                                                                             •   Harris, TX
                                                                                                                             •   Orange, CA
                                                                                                                             •   Kings, NY
                                                                                                                             •   Miami-Dade, FL
                                                                                                                             •   Dallas, TX
                                                                                                                             •   Queens, NY
                                                                                                                             •   Riverside, CA
                                                                                                                             •   San Bernardino, CA
                                                                                                                             •   Clark, NV
                                                                                                                             •   Santa Clara, CA
                                                                                                                             •   Broward, FL
                                                                                                                             •   Bexar, TX
                                                                                                                             •   Philadelphia, PA
                                                                                                                             •   Alameda, CA
                                                                                                                             •   Bronx, NY
                                                                                                                             •   Orange, FL
                                                                                                                             •   Fulton, GA
                                                                                                                             •   Contra Costa, CA
                                                                                                                             •   Fresno, CA
                                                                                                                             •   Shelby, TN
                                                                                                                             •   Honolulu, HI
                                                                                                                             •   Prince George's, MD
                                                                                                                             •   Hidalgo, TX

                                                                                                                             Note: Ranked by Total population
                                                                                                                             for those with at least 500,000
                                                                                                                             multicultural.
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.   Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series                               18
Hispanic Population Concentration in 1980




          Gateway states
         bordering Mexico.




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.   Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series   19
Hispanic Population Dispersion 2016



                                                                                                                 Major metro areas
                                                                                                              outside border states are
                                                                                                              now gateway cities too.




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.   Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series                20
African American Population Concentration 2011




         Historically and still
      concentrated heavily in the
      Southeast and Mid-Atlantic
        States - although large
       populations of American
       Americans are present in
       most major metro areas.



Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.   Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series   21
Asian Population Concentration 2011


                                                            The Pacific coastal states have the highest
                                                             percentage of Asians with Los Angeles
                                                                county as the leading metro area.




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series   22
Hispanic & Non Hispanic White Population
                      Growth from 1990 to 2016
    Hispanic population significantly outpaces Non-Hispanic White population growth in all metropolitan areas; in many areas
                                       Non-Hispanic White growth is negative during the period.
                                                            % Hispanic Growth          % Non-Hispanic White Growth

                                        San Diego
                   Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville)
                                         Charlotte
                                    Salt Lake City
                                     Portland, OR
               Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne
                                                                                                                                Top 25 DMAs in 2016
                       Cleveland-Akron (Canton)
                   Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto
                 Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota)
                            Miami-Ft. Lauderdale
                                           Denver                                                                              Charlotte is the leader in
                            Minneapolis-St. Paul                                                                             percentage gain for Hispanic
        DMAs




                                            Detroit                                                                          population growth during the
                                  Seattle-Tacoma                                                                            period, followed by Atlanta and
                               Phoenix (Prescott)
                                                                                                                                         Raleigh.
                            Boston (Manchester)
                   Washington, DC (Hagerstown)
                                          Houston
                                            Atlanta
                San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose
                                 Dallas-Ft. Worth
                                      Philadelphia
                                          Chicago
                                      Los Angeles
                                         New York

                                                  -50%      450%                    950%                     1450%                     1950%          2450%   2950%

                                                                                                 Percent Growth

Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.          Source: Geoscape, Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series and US Census Bureau 1990.             23
Top 25 States with Largest Population Counts

      The Non-Hispanic White population is the minority in California, Texas, New Mexico, Hawaii plus                                                                 NH White is the
                                                Washington DC.                                                                                                       minority in the two
                                                                                                                                                                       largest states.

                                                Non Hispanic White      % Non Hispanic        Asian & PI         % Asian & PI            Black                             Hispanic    % Hispanic
  State                    Total Population
                                                    Population          White Population      Population          Population           Population
                                                                                                                                                     % Black Population
                                                                                                                                                                          Population   Population
  U.S. TOTAL                  312,180,883             201,974,697            64.7%            15,306,848              4.9%             40,669,997          13.0%          51,233,818     16.4%
  California                   37,661,615              15,852,754            42.1%             5,047,418             13.4%              2,474,753           6.6%          14,292,739     38.0%
  Texas                        25,720,627              11,956,019            46.5%               976,484              3.8%              3,075,988          12.0%           9,795,080     38.1%
  New York                     19,668,100              11,730,989            59.6%             1,483,914              7.5%              3,419,984          17.4%           3,368,033     17.1%
  Florida                      18,747,665              10,896,230            58.1%               479,241              2.6%              3,059,133          16.3%           4,287,934     22.9%
  Illinois                     13,029,250               8,303,118            63.7%               606,467              4.7%              1,955,137          15.0%           2,135,245     16.4%
  Pennsylvania                 12,681,059              10,196,663            80.4%               345,525              2.7%              1,440,914          11.4%             660,781      5.2%
  Ohio                         11,568,561               9,485,465            82.0%               205,327              1.8%              1,421,270          12.3%             319,760      2.8%
  Georgia                      10,107,788               5,729,779            56.7%               318,374              3.1%              3,089,969          30.6%             929,212      9.2%
  Michigan                      9,907,444               7,641,792            77.1%               259,798              2.6%              1,417,343          14.3%             434,222      4.4%
  North Carolina                9,674,957               6,424,013            66.4%               209,719              2.2%              2,102,516          21.7%             808,072      8.4%
  New Jersey                      8,781,579                 5,316,859        60.5%                722,336              8.2%              1,287,251         14.7%           1,528,550     17.4%
  Virginia                        8,041,176                 5,282,509        65.7%                436,903              5.4%              1,606,649         20.0%             624,660      7.8%
  Washington                      6,856,107                 5,113,266        74.6%                521,091              7.6%                260,011          3.8%             716,894     10.5%
  Arizona                         6,777,527                 3,869,456        57.1%                197,185              2.9%                289,034          4.3%           2,174,154     32.1%
  Massachusetts                   6,682,267                 5,235,250        78.3%                361,891              5.4%                494,035          7.4%             598,449      9.0%
  Indiana                         6,497,682                 5,353,340        82.4%                101,896              1.6%                604,001          9.3%             374,028      5.8%
  Tennessee                       6,416,009                 4,895,549        76.3%                 97,235              1.5%              1,092,202         17.0%             270,099      4.2%
  Missouri                        6,060,641                 4,938,254        81.5%                101,461              1.7%                713,599         11.8%             214,389      3.5%
  Maryland                        5,764,817                 3,263,099        56.6%                321,465              5.6%              1,721,030         29.9%             432,393      7.5%
  Wisconsin                       5,705,544                 4,816,638        84.4%                127,314              2.2%                353,774          6.2%             317,906      5.6%
  Minnesota                       5,336,841                 4,506,500        84.4%                206,472              3.9%                262,100          4.9%             242,212      4.5%
  Colorado                        5,204,123                 3,626,647        69.7%                155,295              3.0%                227,970          4.4%           1,111,911     21.4%
  Alabama                         4,777,004                 3,245,333        67.9%                 52,598              1.1%              1,269,149         26.6%             154,773      3.2%
  South Carolina                  4,689,752                 3,043,667        64.9%                 65,162              1.4%              1,324,049         28.2%             214,768      4.6%
  Louisiana                       4,595,228                 2,780,221        60.5%                 75,463              1.6%              1,518,613         33.0%             170,253      3.7%
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                         Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                                              24
Top 25 DMAs with Largest Population Counts

                     Sixteen Designated Market Areas (TV markets or DMAs) are home to at least 1 million Asians or Blacks or
                         Hispanics, or all three -- highlighted below plus Fresno-Visalia, San Antonio, and Harlingen-Weslaco-
                                                       Brownsville-McAllen for Hispanic population.
                                                                  Non Hispanic % Non Hispanic
                                                    Total                                              Asian & PI       % Asian & PI          Black           % Black      Hispanic     % Hispanic
    DMA                                           Population
                                                                     White         White
                                                                                                       Population        Population         Population       Population   Population    Population
                                                                   Population    Population
    New York                                        21,209,696      11,135,610         52.5%              2,011,907          9.5%              3,950,399        18.6%       4,585,853      21.6%
    Los Angeles                                     17,730,578       6,288,131         35.5%              2,219,233         12.5%              1,309,129          7.4%      8,124,663      45.8%
    Chicago                                           9,866,620      5,503,810         55.8%                549,527          5.6%              1,764,021        17.9%       2,065,963      20.9%
    Philadelphia                                      8,043,711      5,389,009         67.0%                375,356          4.7%              1,567,710        19.5%         739,010       9.2%
    Dallas-Ft. Worth                                  7,383,403      3,929,811         53.2%                354,059          4.8%              1,029,143        13.9%       2,095,626      28.4%
    San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose                    7,194,175      3,254,473         45.2%              1,715,385         23.8%                  478,905        6.7%      1,679,293      23.3%
    Atlanta                                           6,766,015      3,746,616         55.4%                273,413          4.0%              1,976,560        29.2%         756,501      11.2%
    Boston (Manchester)                               6,467,031      5,172,831         80.0%                358,398          5.5%                  434,447        6.7%        499,558       7.7%
    Washington, DC (Hagerstown)                       6,442,576      3,515,236         54.6%                537,916          8.3%              1,552,410        24.1%         809,155      12.6%
    Houston                                           6,432,444      2,761,967         42.9%                381,394          5.9%              1,099,896        17.1%       2,262,769      35.2%
    Phoenix (Prescott)                                5,302,541      3,113,181         58.7%                160,394          3.0%                  235,441        4.4%      1,611,940      30.4%
    Detroit                                           4,904,501      3,414,586         69.6%                186,761          3.8%              1,056,520        21.5%         191,087       3.9%
    Seattle-Tacoma                                    4,880,026      3,599,300         73.8%                467,020          9.6%                  226,921        4.6%        405,284       8.3%
    Minneapolis-St. Paul                              4,552,218      3,802,173         83.5%                191,797          4.2%                  248,610        5.5%        213,017       4.7%
    Miami-Ft. Lauderdale                              4,397,245      1,262,725         28.7%                105,249          2.4%                  974,001      22.2%       2,110,143      48.0%
    Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota)                   4,329,235      3,030,267         70.0%                108,934          2.5%                  490,985      11.3%         675,583      15.6%
    Denver                                            4,181,372      2,910,224         69.6%                129,233          3.1%                  173,463        4.1%        911,106      21.8%
    Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto                       4,049,843      2,146,475         53.0%                465,280         11.5%                  290,788        7.2%      1,065,873      26.3%
    Cleveland-Akron (Canton)                          3,853,531      3,077,665         79.9%                  62,148         1.6%                  554,613      14.4%         118,689       3.1%
    Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne                   3,659,048      2,311,798         63.2%                116,825          3.2%                  519,375      14.2%         701,989      19.2%
    Portland, OR                                      3,242,391      2,507,940         77.3%                159,429          4.9%                   83,028        2.6%        401,071      12.4%
    St. Louis                                         3,210,600      2,491,366         77.6%                  61,272         1.9%                  543,537      16.9%          74,604       2.3%
    San Diego                                         3,122,867      1,585,895         50.8%                353,902         11.3%                  168,031        5.4%        993,644      31.8%
    Salt Lake City                                    3,078,829      2,493,406         81.0%                  84,034         2.7%                   40,786        1.3%        393,469      12.8%
    Charlotte                                         3,042,552      2,099,498         69.0%                  71,141         2.3%                  601,945      19.8%         257,525       8.5%
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                        Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                                                   25
Top 25 DMAs with Highest Growth Rates
                     Between 1990-2016
   Hispanic and Asian population growth is robust during this period; conversely, Non-Hispanic White and, in some areas, Non-
                                              Hispanic Black growth is low or negative.



                                                                                                 Non-Hispanic       % Non-         Non-Hispanic                      Non-Hispanic Asian % Non-Hispanic
                                              Total Pop     % Total   Hispanic    % Hispanic                                                        % Non-Hispanic
                 DMA                            2016        Growth      2016       Growth
                                                                                                    White          Hispanic           Black
                                                                                                                                                     Black Growth
                                                                                                                                                                        & Pacific Is.   Asian & Pacific Is.
                                                                                                     2016         White Growth        2016                                  2016             Growth
  New York                                    21,707,615     17%      4,958,114       82%          11,029,314          -7%           3,326,245            10%              69,554              -92%
  Los Angeles                                 18,436,124     28%      8,814,324       90%          6,150,061           -15%          1,024,322            -12%            170,074              -87%
  Chicago                                     10,167,589     22%      2,296,839      163%          5,492,582           -3%           1,685,064             9%              17,051              -93%
  Philadelphia                                8,241,559      16%      858,140        211%          5,359,213           -3%           1,506,281            29%              8,428               -94%
  Dallas-Ft. Worth                            8,136,784      81%      2,529,593      370%          4,059,175           25%           1,014,121            68%              17,904              -81%
  San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose              7,666,619      29%      1,902,325      116%          3,277,673           -10%           422,098             -16%             64,750              -93%
  Atlanta                                     7,342,042      94%      939,137        1357%         3,834,070           38%           2,154,772            146%             12,224              -77%
  Houston                                     7,129,864      78%      2,695,411      236%          2,864,246           21%           1,049,320            50%              19,370              -85%
  Washington, DC (Hagerstown)                 6,891,095      46%      981,114        336%          3,606,529           13%           1,560,662            43%              10,170              -95%
  Boston (Manchester)                         6,698,701      18%      574,715        156%          5,244,968           4%             400,632             70%              4,597               -97%
  Phoenix (Prescott)                          5,757,946     112%      1,896,571      347%          3,200,095           56%            216,128             176%             15,004              -59%
  Seattle-Tacoma                              5,211,657      48%      493,062        378%          3,726,689           22%            237,907             83%              9,994               -95%
  Detroit                                     4,845,638       3%      206,392        140%          3,334,987           -6%           1,035,465             7%              2,238               -97%
  Minneapolis-St. Paul                        4,730,507      32%      250,257        504%          3,878,459           16%            269,512             198%             2,674               -96%
  Denver                                      4,569,400      73%      1,064,360      242%          3,094,588           43%            172,984             80%              6,510               -86%
  Miami-Ft. Lauderdale                        4,554,510      39%      2,318,548      118%          1,174,202           -26%           919,157             63%              9,706               -76%
  Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota)             4,448,643      41%      790,420        350%          2,977,392           12%            492,534             81%              4,292               -85%
  Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto                 4,236,996      48%      1,194,755      186%          2,135,566           5%             275,170             76%              27,709              -87%
  Cleveland-Akron (Canton)                    3,846,280       2%      132,686        122%          3,043,968           -5%            548,370             13%              1,167               -96%
  Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne             3,800,323      69%      821,186        515%          2,278,533           24%            513,917             115%             5,545               -81%
  Portland, OR                                3,486,432      57%      484,790        478%          2,626,150           31%             85,286             97%              3,812               -93%
  Salt Lake City                              3,402,242      83%      489,381        425%          2,685,925           58%             41,833             276%             3,887               -88%
  Charlotte                                   3,329,570      71%      337,199        2345%         2,220,951           42%            643,651             81%              2,204               -84%
  Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville)               3,325,509      75%      362,456        1165%         1,912,371           51%            873,727             53%              2,390               -89%
  San Diego                                   3,304,323      32%      1,118,443      124%          1,603,003           -2%            132,080             -12%             22,686              -88%




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                   Source: Geoscape, Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series and US Census Bureau 1990.                                          26
Acculturation

                                               LIFE STAGE, LANGUAGE,
                                               BIRTHPLACE, IMMIGRATION




Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                27
™
                     Acculturation: Hispanicity Codes
    Acculturation is the process whereby immigrants acquire a new culture through language, customs, lifestyle, media usage and
       other practices while retaining elements of their home culture as well. For Hispanics, Geoscape® calls this characteristic
                                                            Hispanicity™.

         • HA1: AMERICANIZADO
              •      English dominant (nearly no Spanish)
              •      Born in US; 3rd+ generation
              •      Few Hispanic cultural practices

         • HA2: NUEVA LATINA
              •      English preferred (some Spanish)
              •      Born in U.S.; 2nd generation
              •      Some Hispanic cultural practices;
                     often “retro-acculturate”

         • HA3: BI-CULTURAL
              •      Bi-Lingual (equal or nearly)
              •      Immigrant as child or young adult
              •      Many Hispanic cultural practices

         • HA4: HISPANO
              •      Spanish preferred (some English)
              •      Immigrant as adult, in U.S. 10+ years
              •      Pre-dominant Hispanic cultural practices

         • HA5: LATINOAMERICANA
              •      Spanish dominant (nearly no English)                                                                                    This pie shows the national
              •      Recent immigrant as adult (less than 10 years ago)                                                                     distribution, although the mix
              •      Primarily Hispanic cultural practices                                                                                  of segments varies by region
              •      Identify with home country more so than U.S.                                                                              and metropolitan area.

Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                 Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                                    28
™
                                                           Hispanicity Among Top 5 DMAs
        Recent immigrants have increased the proportion of un-acculturated HA5 Hispanics, while second and third generation
          Hispanics have increased the proportion of HA1 & HA2 Hispanics. Although the Hispanic population will increase in all
           segments, the future trend will have a steady proportion of HA5, increasing HA1-HA2, and decreasing HA3 and HA4.
                                                           120%
                                                                    HA1: Americanizado     HA2: Nueva Latina               HA3: Bi-Cultural              HA4: Hispano      HA5: Latinoamericana
            Percent Hispanic Population by Acculturation




                                                           100%


                                                                    16.6%                  14.7%                            14.6%                                                   15.1%

                                                                                                                                                                 29.8%
                                                           80%
                                                                                           17.6%                            18.3%                                                   18.4%
                                                                    17.2%




                                                           60%                                                                                                   18.3%

                                                                    25.5%                  26.8%                            26.5%
                                                                                                                                                                                    28.1%



                                                           40%                                                                                                   23.4%



                                                                    26.1%                  26.5%                            25.9%
                                                                                                                                                                                    26.2%

                                                           20%                                                                                                   21.6%


                                                                    14.5%                  14.5%                            14.7%                                                   12.1%
                                                                                                                                                                 6.9%
                                                            0%
                                                                  CHICAGO                HOUSTON                       LOS ANGELES                   MIAMI-FT.LAUDERDALE            NEW YORK
                                                                                                                           DMAs
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                      Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                                    29
Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix                                                                                                                                                      (descriptions)




                                                                                                                    Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment
        Hispanicity™ Segment HSES A                                                                                                                                                                                       H SES E
                                                                                        HSES B                                        HSES C                                    HSES D
            (Acculturation)  (More Affluent)                                                                                                                                                                              (Less Affluent)

                                           U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+),               U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+),                U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+),            U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+),            U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+),
                                           English Dominant; Typically are              English Dominant; Households                  English Dominant; Households              English Dominant; Households              English Dominant; Households most
                                           households with over $85,000 annual          generally between $50,000 and                 usually between $30,000 and $75,000       typically between $15,000 and             often below $20,000 annual
         HA 1: Americanizado               household income, 4 year college             $120,000 annual household income,             annual household income, high             $35,000 annual household income,          household income; less than high
                                           degree or graduate degree, owned             some college or higher education,             school graduate to some college, and      high school or lower education, rented    school education; rented housing,
                                           housing, and employed in                     owned housing, professional or                employed as skilled labor or service      housing, employed as service or labor     labor or service worker or
                                           professional occupations.                    skilled occupation.                           worker.                                   worker.                                   unemployed.


                                           U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or              U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or               U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or
                                                                                                                                                                                U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or           U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or
                                           Immigrated Before Age 6, English             Immigrated Before Age 6, English              Immigrated Before Age 6, English
                                                                                                                                                                                Immigrated Before Age 6, English          Immigrated Before Age 6, English
                                           Preferred; Typically are households          Preferred; Households generally               Preferred; Households usually
                                                                                                                                                                                Preferred; Households typically           Preferred; Households most often
                                           with over $85,000 annual household           between $50,000 and $120,000                  between $30,000 and $75,000 annual
          HA 2: Nueva Latina               income, 4 year college degree or             annual household income, some                 household income, high school
                                                                                                                                                                                between $15,000 and $35,000 annual        below $20,000 annual household
                                                                                                                                                                                household income, high school or          income; less than high school
                                           graduate degree, owned housing, and          college or higher education, owned            graduate to some college, and
                                                                                                                                                                                lower education, rented housing,          education; rented housing, labor or
                                           employed in professional                     housing, professional or skilled              employed as skilled labor or service
                                                                                                                                                                                employed as service or labor worker.      service worker or unemployed.
                                           occupations.                                 occupation.                                   worker.

                                           Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or         Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or          Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or                                                Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or
                                                                                                                                                                                Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or
                                           Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in          Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in           Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in                                                 Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in
                                                                                                                                                                                Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in
                                           U.S), Bi-Lingual; Typically are              U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households                  U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households usually                                                U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households most
                                                                                                                                                                                U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households typically
                                           households with over $85,000 annual          generally between $50,000 and                 between $30,000 and $75,000 annual                                                  often below $20,000 annual
            HA 3: Bi-Cultural              household income, 4 year college             $120,000 annual household income,             household income, high school
                                                                                                                                                                                between $15,000 and $35,000 annual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          household income; less than high
                                                                                                                                                                                household income, high school or
                                           degree or graduate degree, owned             some college or higher education,             graduate to some college, and                                                       school education; rented housing,
                                                                                                                                                                                lower education, rented housing,
                                           housing, and employed in                     owned housing, professional or                employed as skilled labor or service                                                labor or service worker or
                                                                                                                                                                                employed as service or labor worker.
                                           professional occupations.                    skilled occupation.                           worker.                                                                             unemployed.

                                           Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult                 Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult                  Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult
                                                                                                                                                                                Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult              Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult
                                           Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish        Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish         Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish
                                                                                                                                                                                Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish     Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish
                                           Preferred; Typically are households          Preferred; Households generally               Preferred; Households usually
                                                                                                                                                                                Preferred; Households typically           Preferred; Households most often
                                           with over $85,000 annual household           between $50,000 and $120,000                  between $30,000 and $75,000 annual
              HA4: Hispano                 income, 4 year college degree or             annual household income, some                 household income, high school
                                                                                                                                                                                between $15,000 and $35,000 annual        below $20,000 annual household
                                                                                                                                                                                household income, high school or          income; less than high school
                                           graduate degree, owned housing, and          college or higher education, owned            graduate to some college, and
                                                                                                                                                                                lower education, rented housing,          education; rented housing, labor or
                                           employed in professional                     housing, professional or skilled              employed as skilled labor or service
                                                                                                                                                                                employed as service or labor worker.      service worker or unemployed.
                                           occupations.                                 occupation.                                   worker.
                                           Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult                 Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult                  Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult              Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult              Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult
                                           Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.),      Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.),       Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.),   Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.),   Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.),
                                           Spanish Dominant/Dependent;                  Spanish Dominant/Dependent;                   Spanish Dominant/Dependent;               Spanish Dominant/Dependent;               Spanish Dominant/Dependent;
                                           Typically are households with over           Households generally between                  Households usually between $30,000        Households typically between              Households most often below
        HA5: Latinoamericana               $85,000 annual household income, 4
                                                                                        $50,000 and $120,000 annual                   and $75,000 annual household              $15,000 and $35,000 annual                $20,000 annual household income;
                                           year college degree or graduate
                                                                                        household income, some college or             income, high school graduate to           household income, high school or          less than high school education;
                                           degree, owned housing, and                   higher education, owned housing,              some college, and employed as             lower education, rented housing,          rented housing, labor or service
                                           employed in professional                     professional or skilled occupation.           skilled labor or service worker.          employed as service or labor worker.      worker or unemployed.
                                           occupations.
       Note: The above descriptions are typical for each category of Hispanicity and Socioeconomic Status; there is additional variation that occurs in the categories.
       © 2010 Geoscape International, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                                                                                                                                                                                                         30
Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix

    Hispanics who are more acculturated and established tend to have a higher SES. Hispanicity™ segments HA1 and HA2 over-
               index among SES A and B, although, there are affluent Hispanic households at all levels of acculturation.

                                                 ®                                        TM
                                 Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream                      Segmentation Matrix Summary Household Counts

                                                                                        Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment
      HispanicityTM/Acculturation Segment
                                                            HSES A                   HSES B           HSES C            HSES D                    HSES E
   HA1:   Americanizado                                     387,571                   534,397                      611,909              343,896   250,367
   HA2:   Nueva Latina                                      644,398                   972,820                     1,225,304             631,850   376,594
   HA3:   Bi-Cultural                                       433,717                   806,855                     1,291,130             794,579   517,224
   HA4:   Hispano                                           202,996                   364,426                      727,707              541,732   400,166
   HA5:   Latinoamericana                                   171,736                   221,227                      528,433              487,059   478,558


                                        Geoscape® American Marketscape DataStreamTM Segmentation Matrix Summary Percents
                                                                                           Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment
      HispanicityTM/Acculturation Segment
                                                            HSES A                    HSES B                       HSES C               HSES D    HSES E
   HA1:   Americanizado                                      2.8%                       3.8%                          4.4%               2.5%      1.8%
   HA2:   Nueva Latina                                       4.6%                       7.0%                          8.8%               4.5%      2.7%
   HA3:   Bi-Cultural                                        3.1%                       5.8%                          9.3%               5.7%      3.7%
   HA4:   Hispano                                            1.5%                       2.6%                          5.2%               3.9%      2.9%
   HA5:   Latinoamericana                                    1.2%                       1.6%                          3.8%               3.5%      3.4%



                                         Geoscape® American Marketscape DataStreamTM Segmentation Matrix Summary Indices

                      TM                                                                   Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment
      Hispanicity /Acculturation Segment
                                                            HSES A                    HSES B                       HSES C               HSES D    HSES E
   HA1:   Americanizado                                      138.0                      120.8                         91.5                80.5      81.1
   HA2:   Nueva Latina                                       126.8                      121.5                         101.2               81.8      67.4
   HA3:   Bi-Cultural                                        85.5                       101.0                         106.9              103.0      92.8
   HA4:   Hispano                                            68.8                        78.4                         103.5              120.7     123.3
   HA5:   Latinoamericana                                    69.0                        56.4                         89.1               128.6     174.8
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.             Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                       31
Hispanicity™ & Life Stage Matrix
          A considerable amount of variation is evident in the metric of Hispanicity™ by Life Stage, indicating varying rates of
                                                      acculturation across age groups.
                                                    ®                                              TM
                                      Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream                          Segmentation Matrix Summary Population Counts

                                                                                                   Hispanic Life Stage
                  HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment
                                                                Youngsters (0-17) College Age (18-24) Workforce (25-54) Pre-Retirees (55-64) Retirees (65+)
                HA1: Americanizado                                  2,750,196                    820,561                    3,459,962           475,938   444,786
                HA2: Nueva Latina                                   4,399,905                  1,607,815                    6,095,879           868,404   813,603
                HA3: Bi-Cultural                                    4,477,738                  1,422,479                    6,224,014           832,852   784,382
                HA4: Hispano                                        2,770,230                    921,705                    3,767,949           569,946   508,224
                HA5: Latinoamericana                                2,269,303                    798,681                    3,061,284           479,184   608,799



                                            Geoscape® American Marketscape DataStreamTM Segmentation Matrix Summary Percents

                                                                                                   Hispanic Life Stage
                  HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment
                                                                Youngsters (0-17) College Age (18-24) Workforce (25-54) Pre-Retirees (55-64) Retirees (65+)
                HA1:   Americanizado                                  5.4%                         1.6%                        6.8%              0.9%      0.9%
                HA2:   Nueva Latina                                   8.6%                         3.1%                       11.9%              1.7%      1.6%
                HA3:   Bi-Cultural                                    8.7%                         2.8%                       12.1%              1.6%      1.5%
                HA4:   Hispano                                        5.4%                         1.8%                        7.4%              1.1%      1.0%
                HA5:   Latinoamericana                                4.4%                         1.6%                        6.0%              0.9%      1.2%


                                                            ®                                              TM
                                              Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream                          Segmentation Matrix Summary Indices

                                                                                                   Hispanic Life Stage
                  HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment
                                                                Youngsters (0-17) College Age (18-24) Workforce (25-54) Pre-Retirees (55-64) Retirees (65+)
                HA1:   Americanizado                                  106.3                        94.9                        98.6               95.1     90.7
                HA2:   Nueva Latina                                    98.1                        107.3                       100.2             100.0     95.7
                HA3:   Bi-Cultural                                    100.2                        95.2                        102.6              96.2     92.6
                HA4:   Hispano                                         99.7                        99.3                        100.0             106.0     96.5
                HA5:   Latinoamericana                                 96.7                        101.8                       96.1              105.4     136.8
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                     Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                       32
Hispanicity™ & Country of Origin Matrix

        Hispanicity™ by Country of Origin shows that Puerto Ricans are the most acculturated group and Central Americans
                                                  are the least acculturated overall.
                                                  ®                                            TM
                                   Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream                         Segmentation Matrix Summary Population Counts

                                                                                                           Hispanic Country of Origin
                 HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment
                                                                Mexican           Puerto Rican                Cuban           Dominican South American Central American
               HA1: Americanizado                               5,772,394             965,705                 153,042            76,418       339,700       227,797
               HA2: Nueva Latina                                9,127,116            1,693,170                368,151           290,067       874,089       802,115
               HA3: Bi-Cultural                                 9,394,721            1,234,726                257,693           358,820       909,204      1,193,180
               HA4: Hispano                                     6,093,830             463,237                 202,438           262,998       483,647       894,361
               HA5: Latinoamericana                             5,052,542             205,768                 364,316           254,353       368,339       883,541


                                                            ®                                         TM
                                          Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream                         Segmentation Matrix Summary Percents

                                                                                                           Hispanic Country of Origin
                 HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment
                                                                Mexican           Puerto Rican                Cuban           Dominican South American Central American
               HA1:   Americanizado                              11.6%                  1.9%                    0.3%              0.2%         0.7%          0.5%
               HA2:   Nueva Latina                               18.4%                  3.4%                    0.7%              0.6%         1.8%          1.6%
               HA3:   Bi-Cultural                                19.0%                  2.5%                    0.5%              0.7%         1.8%          2.4%
               HA4:   Hispano                                    12.3%                  0.9%                    0.4%              0.5%         1.0%          1.8%
               HA5:   Latinoamericana                            10.2%                  0.4%                    0.7%              0.5%         0.7%          1.8%


                                                            ®                                          TM
                                           Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream                         Segmentation Matrix Summary Indices
                                                                                                           Hispanic Country of Origin
                 HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment
                                                                Mexican           Puerto Rican                Cuban           Dominican South American Central American
               HA1:   Americanizado                              107.1                 139.2                    74.8               40.5        75.1           37.5
               HA2:   Nueva Latina                                97.0                 139.8                   103.1               88.0        110.7          75.5
               HA3:   Bi-Cultural                                 98.4                 100.5                    71.1              107.2        113.5         110.7
               HA4:   Hispano                                    101.5                 59.9                     88.8              124.9        95.9          131.9
               HA5:   Latinoamericana                             99.1                 31.4                    188.2              142.3        86.1          153.5


Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.                   Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series.                               33
Micro Targeting by Hispanicity™ Dimensions




                                                                                                                                Pinpoint exactly
                                                                                                                                 where to find
                                                                                                                                 Hispanicity™
                                                                                                                              dimensions by block
                                                                                                                              group, census tract
                                                                                                                                   and ZIP.
Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353.   Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2010 Series.                         34
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
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What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
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What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
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What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights
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What clients say about AMDS & GIS data insights

  • 1.
  • 2. WHAT OUR CLIENTS ARE SAYING ABOUT AMDS & GIS… "Compared to the data and system we're using now, Geoscape is like Star Wars — for present and future. " -- Carlos Guzman, President "I really like Geoscape's Retail Target™ because it helps us The Flyer-A Division of Harte Hanks understand demographics around our clients' locations to optimize or marketing campaigns." -- Gonzalo Parral, Hispanic Marketing Manager GE Money "The American Marketscape DataStream™ is of critical importance for marketers to have the latest in-depth data for today's diverse ethnic populations—marketers and demographers will find the Hispanic acculturation, "Geoscape's American Marketscape DataStream™ helps us language, and other ethnicity measures extremely identify key segments of the Latino community as we valuable for retail and all other industries." expand our industry-leading Latino-focused products and marketing nationwide. The rich population data enables us -- Luisa Acosta-Franco, Vice President of Multicultural to target what we consider the largest "foreign" market Markets; Farmers Insurance within our own borders, and to easily generate clear, concise maps for analysis and decision-making." -- Russell A. Bennett, Vice President; United Healthcare Latino Health Solutions
  • 3. Introduction Dear Friend and Colleague, The American Marketscape DataStream™ (AMDS) is a data resource that reflects the multi-dimensional character of American population and households summarized by geographic area—from the block group and ZIP code all the way up to the nation as a whole. Geoscape® built AMDS to reflect current and forecasted data points that prove valuable for hundreds of corporations in both business planning and execution, across a variety of industries. Geoscape® employs a multi-disciplinary methodology to update certain demographic data published by public service entities such as the Census Bureau, and extends this information by defining cultural segmentation and socioeconomic stratification data as well as a plethora of powerful consumer spending potential data. This document is intended as a planning guide and accompanies the full data resource that is available in a digital format within the Geoscape Intelligence System (GIS) and through a variety of analytic and consulting services to address both strategic and tactical objectives. This document is available as a courtesy of Geoscape® and we kindly ask that appropriate reference is made, including vintage year, in any publications. For more information on Geoscape®, AMDS, systems, analytics and consulting services, please contact a Client Advisor at 1-888-211-9353 or info@geoscape.com. César M Melgoza Founder & CEO Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 3
  • 4. CONTENTS 02 08 27 WHAT OUR CLIENTS ARE CULTURAL DIVERSITY ACCULTURATION SAYING ABOUT AMDS & GIS 09 Population Change by Ethnicity/Race 28 Acculturation: Hispanicity™ Codes 10 Growth from 1990 to 2016 by Ethnicity/ 29 Hispanicity™ Among Top 5 DMAs Race 30 Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix (descriptions) 11 Population Growth 1990 to 2016 31 Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix (counts & indices) 12 U.S. Population: 2011 by Ethnic Group 32 Hispanicity™ & Life Stage Matrix (counts & indices ) 13 From the 11 year period 2000 to 2011… 33 Hispanicity™ & Country or Origin Matrix (counts & 06 14 Multicultural Boom 34 indices) Micro Targeting by Hispanicity™ Dimensions GEOSCAPE® PROVIDES 35 Hispanic Language Usage 15 36 37 38 Hispanic Language Usage Among Top Five DMAs Hispanic by Age Range Distribution Blacks by Age Range Distribution REGIONAL SHIFTS 39 Asian Americans by Age Range Distribution 40 Country of Origin: Hispanics 16 Multicultural America by County in 1980 41 Country of Origin: Hispanics in Five States 17 Multicultural America by County in 2016 42 Hispanic Foreign Born Population by Country 18 Majority-Minority Counties in 2011 43 Asianicity™ Asian American Acculturation 19 Hispanic Population Concentration 1980 07 20 21 Hispanic Population Dispersion 2016 African American Population Concentration 2011 44 45 46 Asianicity™ & Asian SES Matrix (counts & indices) Asianicity™ & Life Stage Matrix (counts & indices) Asianicity™ & Country of Origin Matrix (counts & 22 Asian Population Concentration 2011 AMDS METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW 23 Hispanic & Non Hispanic White Population Growth indices) 47 Country of Origin: Asian Americans from 1990 to 2016 48 Country of Origin: Asian Americans in Five States 24 Top 25 States with Largest Population Counts 25 Top 25 DMAs with Largest Population Counts 49 Asian Foreign Born Population by Country 26 Top 25 DMAs with Highest Growth Rates Between 1990-2016 Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 4
  • 5. CONTENTS 50 62 65 FACTS & FIGURES MULTICULTURAL DMAs BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS 51 Legal Immigration 2000 to 2009 63 Top Ten Multicultural DMAs 66 Practical Applications for Business Situations 52 Unauthorized Immigrants in the U.S. 64 DMA Percent Multicultural Population >500,000 Ranked by Multicultural Pop Counts 53 67 ECONOMICS GLOSSARY 54 Median Household Income by Culture Group 68 Glossary 55 Income Ranges by Ethnicity/Race 56 Annual Aggregate Hispanic Consumer Expenditures per Household in USD 57 Annual Aggregate African American Consumer Expenditures per Household in USD 58 Annual Aggregate Asian American Consumer Expenditures per Household in USD 59 Top Hispanic Consumer Spending Categories 60 Top Asian Consumer Spending Categories 61 Hispanics and Asians drive consumer spending growth Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 5
  • 6. Geoscape® Provides Actionable intelligence fueled by unique data, technology and experience — accelerating growth in a culturally-diverse business environment. Data Resources • AMDS Geo-demographics • HomeBase - Consumer Lists • CSDx Spending Potential • BizBase - Business Lists • BehaviorBase • MediaBase – Healthcare – Coverage Data – Auto Insurance – Circulation Data – The Media Audit – Mediamark Research Analytics Technology Actionable • Ground-Truth™ Segmentation • Geoscape Intelligence System Intelligence • Retail Trade Distribution • DirecTarget® SDK for a culturally- • Customer Data Enrichment diverse business • Descriptive Customer Profiles environment • Predictive Modeling • Sampling Design • Quantitative Surveys • Qualitative Focus Groups • Conjoint Trade-off Modeling • Combined Deliverables • Strategic Planning • Custom Databases • Opportunity Assessment • Integrated Systems Solutions Consulting • Business Planning Support Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 6
  • 7. AMDS Methodology Overview Multicultural population & household data – uniquely precise. Planning Year & Five-Year forecast market data; 2011/2016, July 1st vintage date. In-depth representation of Over 1,500 indicators on Macro-to-micro coverage U.S. cultural diversity various subject areas • Employs proprietary household & individual • Identifies cultural populations missed by the • U.S., state, Nielsen Designated Market Area level data. Census. (DMA), metro area, county, congressional – Helps rectify the under-count in recent district, ZIP code, census tract and block • Utilizes proprietary DirecTarget® Technology. immigrant groups. group levels. • Incorporates dozens of public and private • Includes building permit & residential build-out source data sets including primary research data. surveys. • Built from the “ground-up” not the other way • Language, Income, Socioeconomic Status around by a team of specialized (SES), Country of Origin, Consumer Spending, demographers, statistical modelers & • 1990 & 2000 Census data to present Age Cohorts, Acculturation (Hispanicity™ database programmers in a perennial effort geographic areas; for time series. and Asianicity™ segmentation), Technology to stay at the cutting-edge of research. Adoption and many others. • Incorporates the American Community Survey (Census Bureau) & integrates various government data sources. • Features 337 detailed Consumer Spending Dynamix™ (CSDx) indicators by major ethnicity group, plus 15 major category and 4 summary variables. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 7
  • 8. Cultural Diversity THE CHANGING FACE OF AMERICA Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 8
  • 9. Population Change by Ethnicity/Race By 2016, the population in the three largest ethnic groups will be more than 110.5 million and Hispanics will represent over half of that population. Asian & PI* Black* Hispanic Non Hispanic White Hispanic Black Asian HBA Combined 80,000,000 100% Hispanics became the 90% The Non-Hispanic White population largest ―minority‖ group will be about equal in size to US Population (in millions) 80% 60,000,000 in 2000 and have Hispanic+Black+Asian in 2050. continued to surge. 70% Percent 60% 40,000,000 50% 40% 30% 20,000,000 20% 10% 0 0% 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2011 2016 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Years Years Population 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2011 2016 Asian & PI* 980,337 980,337 3,500,439 6,994,034 10,410,556 14,717,118 16,518,783 Black* 18,871,831 22,580,289 26,495,025 29,284,605 33,707,230 38,021,109 39,945,184 Hispanic 2,181,409 9,589,216 14,608,673 21,898,546 35,238,481 51,233,818 58,398,328 Other 157,198,598 170,062,084 181,941,668 190,507,602 202,065,639 207,880,430 212,277,086 Total 179,232,175 203,211,926 226,545,805 248,684,787 281,421,906 312,180,883 326,127,959 Note: Population in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (3.99 million) is not included in Hispanic population figures. * 2000-2011-2016 numbers for Asian and Black are for Non-Hispanic; 2011 and 2016 Estimates as of July 1. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series and the U.S. Census Bureau. 9
  • 10. Growth from 1990 to 2016 by Ethnicity/Race The Non-Hispanic White population is a decreasing proportion of the U.S. population while Asians, Blacks and especially Hispanics are forming a larger part of our nation. N-H White N-H Black N-H Asia & N-H PI Hispanic 80.0% 75.8% 69.1% 70.0% 64.7% 62.7% 60.0% 50.0% Percent Population 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 17.9% 16.4% 10.0% 11.8% 12.0% 12.5% 12.2% 12.2% 8.8% 4.7% 5.1% 2.8% 3.7% 0.0% 1990 2000 2011 2016 Years Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 10
  • 11. Population Growth 1990 to 2016 Hispanic Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Asian & Pacific Islander All Other Non-Hispanic 100.0% 21.9% 20.0% 90.0% From 2000 to 2011, 35.3% Asians, Blacks & 80.0% Hispanics accounted 14.0% 12.9% for about 80% of 70.0% population growth, Percent Growth 60.0% 10.4% 14.0% 13.8% while Hispanics accounted for nearly 50.0% 52% of growth during 13.5% that period! 40.0% 30.0% 52.0% 20.0% 40.7% 51.4% 10.0% 0.0% Growth 1990-2000 Growth 2000-2011 Growth 2011-2016 Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: US Census Bureau for 1990 and Geoscape for 2016 projections. 11
  • 12. U.S. Population: 2011 by Ethnic Group About one-third of America’s population is of either Asian, Black or Hispanic origin; however, these proportions vary dramatically at the state and metropolitan area levels. Many companies include Puerto Rico within their U.S. marketing efforts, with just over 4 million residents in 2011, which is not included in this chart. Non-Hispanic Other Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Asian & Pacific Islander Hispanic 12% 5% 67% 33% 16% Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 12
  • 13. From the 11 year period 2000 to 2011… Massive growth during this period, increasingly diversifying the American population. NEARLY 16 MILLION ADDITIONAL HISPANICS 45% growth during period 52% of the total population growth MORE THAN 4.3 MILLION ADDITIONAL NON-HISPANIC BLACKS 13% growth during period 14% of the total population growth OVER 4.3 MILLION MORE NON-HISPANIC ASIAN-PACIFIC ISLANDERS 41% growth during period 14% of the total population growth 30.8 MILLION MORE PEOPLE OVERALL Nearly 24.6 million persons and 80% of growth from these 3 cultural groups Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 13
  • 14. Multicultural Boom Robust, but with some slowing during current economic downturn. NEW POPULATION FROM 2011 TO 2016 1,432,902 Hispanic Americans per year 119,409 per month, 3,923 per day, 163.5 per hour 384,815 African American and Black Non-Hispanics per year 32,068 per month, 1,054 per day, 43.9 per hour 360,333 Asian & Pacific Islander Non-Hispanics per year 30,028 per month, 987 per day, 41.1 per hour Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 14
  • 15. Regional Shifts NOTEWORTHY EVOLUTION OF KEY AMERICAN SUBCULTURES Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 15
  • 16. Multicultural America by County in 1980 Excluding Non-Hispanic White Population Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 16
  • 17. Multicultural America by County in 2016 Multicultural expansion affects nationwide growth Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 17
  • 18. Majority-Minority Counties in 2011 Non-Hispanic Whites are the minority in an increasing number of counties - 326 in 2011. Those • Top 25 Counties listed at right are ranked by • Los Angeles, CA multicultural population in 2011. • Cook, IL • Harris, TX • Orange, CA • Kings, NY • Miami-Dade, FL • Dallas, TX • Queens, NY • Riverside, CA • San Bernardino, CA • Clark, NV • Santa Clara, CA • Broward, FL • Bexar, TX • Philadelphia, PA • Alameda, CA • Bronx, NY • Orange, FL • Fulton, GA • Contra Costa, CA • Fresno, CA • Shelby, TN • Honolulu, HI • Prince George's, MD • Hidalgo, TX Note: Ranked by Total population for those with at least 500,000 multicultural. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 18
  • 19. Hispanic Population Concentration in 1980 Gateway states bordering Mexico. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 19
  • 20. Hispanic Population Dispersion 2016 Major metro areas outside border states are now gateway cities too. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 20
  • 21. African American Population Concentration 2011 Historically and still concentrated heavily in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic States - although large populations of American Americans are present in most major metro areas. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 21
  • 22. Asian Population Concentration 2011 The Pacific coastal states have the highest percentage of Asians with Los Angeles county as the leading metro area. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape; American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series 22
  • 23. Hispanic & Non Hispanic White Population Growth from 1990 to 2016 Hispanic population significantly outpaces Non-Hispanic White population growth in all metropolitan areas; in many areas Non-Hispanic White growth is negative during the period. % Hispanic Growth % Non-Hispanic White Growth San Diego Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville) Charlotte Salt Lake City Portland, OR Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne Top 25 DMAs in 2016 Cleveland-Akron (Canton) Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota) Miami-Ft. Lauderdale Denver Charlotte is the leader in Minneapolis-St. Paul percentage gain for Hispanic DMAs Detroit population growth during the Seattle-Tacoma period, followed by Atlanta and Phoenix (Prescott) Raleigh. Boston (Manchester) Washington, DC (Hagerstown) Houston Atlanta San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose Dallas-Ft. Worth Philadelphia Chicago Los Angeles New York -50% 450% 950% 1450% 1950% 2450% 2950% Percent Growth Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series and US Census Bureau 1990. 23
  • 24. Top 25 States with Largest Population Counts The Non-Hispanic White population is the minority in California, Texas, New Mexico, Hawaii plus NH White is the Washington DC. minority in the two largest states. Non Hispanic White % Non Hispanic Asian & PI % Asian & PI Black Hispanic % Hispanic State Total Population Population White Population Population Population Population % Black Population Population Population U.S. TOTAL 312,180,883 201,974,697 64.7% 15,306,848 4.9% 40,669,997 13.0% 51,233,818 16.4% California 37,661,615 15,852,754 42.1% 5,047,418 13.4% 2,474,753 6.6% 14,292,739 38.0% Texas 25,720,627 11,956,019 46.5% 976,484 3.8% 3,075,988 12.0% 9,795,080 38.1% New York 19,668,100 11,730,989 59.6% 1,483,914 7.5% 3,419,984 17.4% 3,368,033 17.1% Florida 18,747,665 10,896,230 58.1% 479,241 2.6% 3,059,133 16.3% 4,287,934 22.9% Illinois 13,029,250 8,303,118 63.7% 606,467 4.7% 1,955,137 15.0% 2,135,245 16.4% Pennsylvania 12,681,059 10,196,663 80.4% 345,525 2.7% 1,440,914 11.4% 660,781 5.2% Ohio 11,568,561 9,485,465 82.0% 205,327 1.8% 1,421,270 12.3% 319,760 2.8% Georgia 10,107,788 5,729,779 56.7% 318,374 3.1% 3,089,969 30.6% 929,212 9.2% Michigan 9,907,444 7,641,792 77.1% 259,798 2.6% 1,417,343 14.3% 434,222 4.4% North Carolina 9,674,957 6,424,013 66.4% 209,719 2.2% 2,102,516 21.7% 808,072 8.4% New Jersey 8,781,579 5,316,859 60.5% 722,336 8.2% 1,287,251 14.7% 1,528,550 17.4% Virginia 8,041,176 5,282,509 65.7% 436,903 5.4% 1,606,649 20.0% 624,660 7.8% Washington 6,856,107 5,113,266 74.6% 521,091 7.6% 260,011 3.8% 716,894 10.5% Arizona 6,777,527 3,869,456 57.1% 197,185 2.9% 289,034 4.3% 2,174,154 32.1% Massachusetts 6,682,267 5,235,250 78.3% 361,891 5.4% 494,035 7.4% 598,449 9.0% Indiana 6,497,682 5,353,340 82.4% 101,896 1.6% 604,001 9.3% 374,028 5.8% Tennessee 6,416,009 4,895,549 76.3% 97,235 1.5% 1,092,202 17.0% 270,099 4.2% Missouri 6,060,641 4,938,254 81.5% 101,461 1.7% 713,599 11.8% 214,389 3.5% Maryland 5,764,817 3,263,099 56.6% 321,465 5.6% 1,721,030 29.9% 432,393 7.5% Wisconsin 5,705,544 4,816,638 84.4% 127,314 2.2% 353,774 6.2% 317,906 5.6% Minnesota 5,336,841 4,506,500 84.4% 206,472 3.9% 262,100 4.9% 242,212 4.5% Colorado 5,204,123 3,626,647 69.7% 155,295 3.0% 227,970 4.4% 1,111,911 21.4% Alabama 4,777,004 3,245,333 67.9% 52,598 1.1% 1,269,149 26.6% 154,773 3.2% South Carolina 4,689,752 3,043,667 64.9% 65,162 1.4% 1,324,049 28.2% 214,768 4.6% Louisiana 4,595,228 2,780,221 60.5% 75,463 1.6% 1,518,613 33.0% 170,253 3.7% Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 24
  • 25. Top 25 DMAs with Largest Population Counts Sixteen Designated Market Areas (TV markets or DMAs) are home to at least 1 million Asians or Blacks or Hispanics, or all three -- highlighted below plus Fresno-Visalia, San Antonio, and Harlingen-Weslaco- Brownsville-McAllen for Hispanic population. Non Hispanic % Non Hispanic Total Asian & PI % Asian & PI Black % Black Hispanic % Hispanic DMA Population White White Population Population Population Population Population Population Population Population New York 21,209,696 11,135,610 52.5% 2,011,907 9.5% 3,950,399 18.6% 4,585,853 21.6% Los Angeles 17,730,578 6,288,131 35.5% 2,219,233 12.5% 1,309,129 7.4% 8,124,663 45.8% Chicago 9,866,620 5,503,810 55.8% 549,527 5.6% 1,764,021 17.9% 2,065,963 20.9% Philadelphia 8,043,711 5,389,009 67.0% 375,356 4.7% 1,567,710 19.5% 739,010 9.2% Dallas-Ft. Worth 7,383,403 3,929,811 53.2% 354,059 4.8% 1,029,143 13.9% 2,095,626 28.4% San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 7,194,175 3,254,473 45.2% 1,715,385 23.8% 478,905 6.7% 1,679,293 23.3% Atlanta 6,766,015 3,746,616 55.4% 273,413 4.0% 1,976,560 29.2% 756,501 11.2% Boston (Manchester) 6,467,031 5,172,831 80.0% 358,398 5.5% 434,447 6.7% 499,558 7.7% Washington, DC (Hagerstown) 6,442,576 3,515,236 54.6% 537,916 8.3% 1,552,410 24.1% 809,155 12.6% Houston 6,432,444 2,761,967 42.9% 381,394 5.9% 1,099,896 17.1% 2,262,769 35.2% Phoenix (Prescott) 5,302,541 3,113,181 58.7% 160,394 3.0% 235,441 4.4% 1,611,940 30.4% Detroit 4,904,501 3,414,586 69.6% 186,761 3.8% 1,056,520 21.5% 191,087 3.9% Seattle-Tacoma 4,880,026 3,599,300 73.8% 467,020 9.6% 226,921 4.6% 405,284 8.3% Minneapolis-St. Paul 4,552,218 3,802,173 83.5% 191,797 4.2% 248,610 5.5% 213,017 4.7% Miami-Ft. Lauderdale 4,397,245 1,262,725 28.7% 105,249 2.4% 974,001 22.2% 2,110,143 48.0% Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota) 4,329,235 3,030,267 70.0% 108,934 2.5% 490,985 11.3% 675,583 15.6% Denver 4,181,372 2,910,224 69.6% 129,233 3.1% 173,463 4.1% 911,106 21.8% Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto 4,049,843 2,146,475 53.0% 465,280 11.5% 290,788 7.2% 1,065,873 26.3% Cleveland-Akron (Canton) 3,853,531 3,077,665 79.9% 62,148 1.6% 554,613 14.4% 118,689 3.1% Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne 3,659,048 2,311,798 63.2% 116,825 3.2% 519,375 14.2% 701,989 19.2% Portland, OR 3,242,391 2,507,940 77.3% 159,429 4.9% 83,028 2.6% 401,071 12.4% St. Louis 3,210,600 2,491,366 77.6% 61,272 1.9% 543,537 16.9% 74,604 2.3% San Diego 3,122,867 1,585,895 50.8% 353,902 11.3% 168,031 5.4% 993,644 31.8% Salt Lake City 3,078,829 2,493,406 81.0% 84,034 2.7% 40,786 1.3% 393,469 12.8% Charlotte 3,042,552 2,099,498 69.0% 71,141 2.3% 601,945 19.8% 257,525 8.5% Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 25
  • 26. Top 25 DMAs with Highest Growth Rates Between 1990-2016 Hispanic and Asian population growth is robust during this period; conversely, Non-Hispanic White and, in some areas, Non- Hispanic Black growth is low or negative. Non-Hispanic % Non- Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Asian % Non-Hispanic Total Pop % Total Hispanic % Hispanic % Non-Hispanic DMA 2016 Growth 2016 Growth White Hispanic Black Black Growth & Pacific Is. Asian & Pacific Is. 2016 White Growth 2016 2016 Growth New York 21,707,615 17% 4,958,114 82% 11,029,314 -7% 3,326,245 10% 69,554 -92% Los Angeles 18,436,124 28% 8,814,324 90% 6,150,061 -15% 1,024,322 -12% 170,074 -87% Chicago 10,167,589 22% 2,296,839 163% 5,492,582 -3% 1,685,064 9% 17,051 -93% Philadelphia 8,241,559 16% 858,140 211% 5,359,213 -3% 1,506,281 29% 8,428 -94% Dallas-Ft. Worth 8,136,784 81% 2,529,593 370% 4,059,175 25% 1,014,121 68% 17,904 -81% San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 7,666,619 29% 1,902,325 116% 3,277,673 -10% 422,098 -16% 64,750 -93% Atlanta 7,342,042 94% 939,137 1357% 3,834,070 38% 2,154,772 146% 12,224 -77% Houston 7,129,864 78% 2,695,411 236% 2,864,246 21% 1,049,320 50% 19,370 -85% Washington, DC (Hagerstown) 6,891,095 46% 981,114 336% 3,606,529 13% 1,560,662 43% 10,170 -95% Boston (Manchester) 6,698,701 18% 574,715 156% 5,244,968 4% 400,632 70% 4,597 -97% Phoenix (Prescott) 5,757,946 112% 1,896,571 347% 3,200,095 56% 216,128 176% 15,004 -59% Seattle-Tacoma 5,211,657 48% 493,062 378% 3,726,689 22% 237,907 83% 9,994 -95% Detroit 4,845,638 3% 206,392 140% 3,334,987 -6% 1,035,465 7% 2,238 -97% Minneapolis-St. Paul 4,730,507 32% 250,257 504% 3,878,459 16% 269,512 198% 2,674 -96% Denver 4,569,400 73% 1,064,360 242% 3,094,588 43% 172,984 80% 6,510 -86% Miami-Ft. Lauderdale 4,554,510 39% 2,318,548 118% 1,174,202 -26% 919,157 63% 9,706 -76% Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota) 4,448,643 41% 790,420 350% 2,977,392 12% 492,534 81% 4,292 -85% Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto 4,236,996 48% 1,194,755 186% 2,135,566 5% 275,170 76% 27,709 -87% Cleveland-Akron (Canton) 3,846,280 2% 132,686 122% 3,043,968 -5% 548,370 13% 1,167 -96% Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne 3,800,323 69% 821,186 515% 2,278,533 24% 513,917 115% 5,545 -81% Portland, OR 3,486,432 57% 484,790 478% 2,626,150 31% 85,286 97% 3,812 -93% Salt Lake City 3,402,242 83% 489,381 425% 2,685,925 58% 41,833 276% 3,887 -88% Charlotte 3,329,570 71% 337,199 2345% 2,220,951 42% 643,651 81% 2,204 -84% Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville) 3,325,509 75% 362,456 1165% 1,912,371 51% 873,727 53% 2,390 -89% San Diego 3,304,323 32% 1,118,443 124% 1,603,003 -2% 132,080 -12% 22,686 -88% Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series and US Census Bureau 1990. 26
  • 27. Acculturation LIFE STAGE, LANGUAGE, BIRTHPLACE, IMMIGRATION Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 27
  • 28. Acculturation: Hispanicity Codes Acculturation is the process whereby immigrants acquire a new culture through language, customs, lifestyle, media usage and other practices while retaining elements of their home culture as well. For Hispanics, Geoscape® calls this characteristic Hispanicity™. • HA1: AMERICANIZADO • English dominant (nearly no Spanish) • Born in US; 3rd+ generation • Few Hispanic cultural practices • HA2: NUEVA LATINA • English preferred (some Spanish) • Born in U.S.; 2nd generation • Some Hispanic cultural practices; often “retro-acculturate” • HA3: BI-CULTURAL • Bi-Lingual (equal or nearly) • Immigrant as child or young adult • Many Hispanic cultural practices • HA4: HISPANO • Spanish preferred (some English) • Immigrant as adult, in U.S. 10+ years • Pre-dominant Hispanic cultural practices • HA5: LATINOAMERICANA • Spanish dominant (nearly no English) This pie shows the national • Recent immigrant as adult (less than 10 years ago) distribution, although the mix • Primarily Hispanic cultural practices of segments varies by region • Identify with home country more so than U.S. and metropolitan area. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 28
  • 29. Hispanicity Among Top 5 DMAs Recent immigrants have increased the proportion of un-acculturated HA5 Hispanics, while second and third generation Hispanics have increased the proportion of HA1 & HA2 Hispanics. Although the Hispanic population will increase in all segments, the future trend will have a steady proportion of HA5, increasing HA1-HA2, and decreasing HA3 and HA4. 120% HA1: Americanizado HA2: Nueva Latina HA3: Bi-Cultural HA4: Hispano HA5: Latinoamericana Percent Hispanic Population by Acculturation 100% 16.6% 14.7% 14.6% 15.1% 29.8% 80% 17.6% 18.3% 18.4% 17.2% 60% 18.3% 25.5% 26.8% 26.5% 28.1% 40% 23.4% 26.1% 26.5% 25.9% 26.2% 20% 21.6% 14.5% 14.5% 14.7% 12.1% 6.9% 0% CHICAGO HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MIAMI-FT.LAUDERDALE NEW YORK DMAs Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 29
  • 30. Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix (descriptions) Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment Hispanicity™ Segment HSES A H SES E HSES B HSES C HSES D (Acculturation) (More Affluent) (Less Affluent) U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+), U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+), U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+), U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+), U.S. Born Hispanic (3rd Gen+), English Dominant; Typically are English Dominant; Households English Dominant; Households English Dominant; Households English Dominant; Households most households with over $85,000 annual generally between $50,000 and usually between $30,000 and $75,000 typically between $15,000 and often below $20,000 annual HA 1: Americanizado household income, 4 year college $120,000 annual household income, annual household income, high $35,000 annual household income, household income; less than high degree or graduate degree, owned some college or higher education, school graduate to some college, and high school or lower education, rented school education; rented housing, housing, and employed in owned housing, professional or employed as skilled labor or service housing, employed as service or labor labor or service worker or professional occupations. skilled occupation. worker. worker. unemployed. U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or U.S. Born Hispanic (2nd Gen) or Immigrated Before Age 6, English Immigrated Before Age 6, English Immigrated Before Age 6, English Immigrated Before Age 6, English Immigrated Before Age 6, English Preferred; Typically are households Preferred; Households generally Preferred; Households usually Preferred; Households typically Preferred; Households most often with over $85,000 annual household between $50,000 and $120,000 between $30,000 and $75,000 annual HA 2: Nueva Latina income, 4 year college degree or annual household income, some household income, high school between $15,000 and $35,000 annual below $20,000 annual household household income, high school or income; less than high school graduate degree, owned housing, and college or higher education, owned graduate to some college, and lower education, rented housing, education; rented housing, labor or employed in professional housing, professional or skilled employed as skilled labor or service employed as service or labor worker. service worker or unemployed. occupations. occupation. worker. Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adolescent or Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in Young Adult Immigrant (10 years+ in U.S), Bi-Lingual; Typically are U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households usually U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households most U.S), Bi-Lingual; Households typically households with over $85,000 annual generally between $50,000 and between $30,000 and $75,000 annual often below $20,000 annual HA 3: Bi-Cultural household income, 4 year college $120,000 annual household income, household income, high school between $15,000 and $35,000 annual household income; less than high household income, high school or degree or graduate degree, owned some college or higher education, graduate to some college, and school education; rented housing, lower education, rented housing, housing, and employed in owned housing, professional or employed as skilled labor or service labor or service worker or employed as service or labor worker. professional occupations. skilled occupation. worker. unemployed. Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish Immigrant, in U.S. 10 years+, Spanish Preferred; Typically are households Preferred; Households generally Preferred; Households usually Preferred; Households typically Preferred; Households most often with over $85,000 annual household between $50,000 and $120,000 between $30,000 and $75,000 annual HA4: Hispano income, 4 year college degree or annual household income, some household income, high school between $15,000 and $35,000 annual below $20,000 annual household household income, high school or income; less than high school graduate degree, owned housing, and college or higher education, owned graduate to some college, and lower education, rented housing, education; rented housing, labor or employed in professional housing, professional or skilled employed as skilled labor or service employed as service or labor worker. service worker or unemployed. occupations. occupation. worker. Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Foreign-Born Hispanic, Adult Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.), Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.), Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.), Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.), Immigrant (less than 10 years in U.S.), Spanish Dominant/Dependent; Spanish Dominant/Dependent; Spanish Dominant/Dependent; Spanish Dominant/Dependent; Spanish Dominant/Dependent; Typically are households with over Households generally between Households usually between $30,000 Households typically between Households most often below HA5: Latinoamericana $85,000 annual household income, 4 $50,000 and $120,000 annual and $75,000 annual household $15,000 and $35,000 annual $20,000 annual household income; year college degree or graduate household income, some college or income, high school graduate to household income, high school or less than high school education; degree, owned housing, and higher education, owned housing, some college, and employed as lower education, rented housing, rented housing, labor or service employed in professional professional or skilled occupation. skilled labor or service worker. employed as service or labor worker. worker or unemployed. occupations. Note: The above descriptions are typical for each category of Hispanicity and Socioeconomic Status; there is additional variation that occurs in the categories. © 2010 Geoscape International, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. 30
  • 31. Hispanicity™ & Hispanic SES Matrix Hispanics who are more acculturated and established tend to have a higher SES. Hispanicity™ segments HA1 and HA2 over- index among SES A and B, although, there are affluent Hispanic households at all levels of acculturation. ® TM Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream Segmentation Matrix Summary Household Counts Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment HispanicityTM/Acculturation Segment HSES A HSES B HSES C HSES D HSES E HA1: Americanizado 387,571 534,397 611,909 343,896 250,367 HA2: Nueva Latina 644,398 972,820 1,225,304 631,850 376,594 HA3: Bi-Cultural 433,717 806,855 1,291,130 794,579 517,224 HA4: Hispano 202,996 364,426 727,707 541,732 400,166 HA5: Latinoamericana 171,736 221,227 528,433 487,059 478,558 Geoscape® American Marketscape DataStreamTM Segmentation Matrix Summary Percents Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment HispanicityTM/Acculturation Segment HSES A HSES B HSES C HSES D HSES E HA1: Americanizado 2.8% 3.8% 4.4% 2.5% 1.8% HA2: Nueva Latina 4.6% 7.0% 8.8% 4.5% 2.7% HA3: Bi-Cultural 3.1% 5.8% 9.3% 5.7% 3.7% HA4: Hispano 1.5% 2.6% 5.2% 3.9% 2.9% HA5: Latinoamericana 1.2% 1.6% 3.8% 3.5% 3.4% Geoscape® American Marketscape DataStreamTM Segmentation Matrix Summary Indices TM Hispanic Socioeconomic Status Segment Hispanicity /Acculturation Segment HSES A HSES B HSES C HSES D HSES E HA1: Americanizado 138.0 120.8 91.5 80.5 81.1 HA2: Nueva Latina 126.8 121.5 101.2 81.8 67.4 HA3: Bi-Cultural 85.5 101.0 106.9 103.0 92.8 HA4: Hispano 68.8 78.4 103.5 120.7 123.3 HA5: Latinoamericana 69.0 56.4 89.1 128.6 174.8 Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 31
  • 32. Hispanicity™ & Life Stage Matrix A considerable amount of variation is evident in the metric of Hispanicity™ by Life Stage, indicating varying rates of acculturation across age groups. ® TM Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream Segmentation Matrix Summary Population Counts Hispanic Life Stage HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment Youngsters (0-17) College Age (18-24) Workforce (25-54) Pre-Retirees (55-64) Retirees (65+) HA1: Americanizado 2,750,196 820,561 3,459,962 475,938 444,786 HA2: Nueva Latina 4,399,905 1,607,815 6,095,879 868,404 813,603 HA3: Bi-Cultural 4,477,738 1,422,479 6,224,014 832,852 784,382 HA4: Hispano 2,770,230 921,705 3,767,949 569,946 508,224 HA5: Latinoamericana 2,269,303 798,681 3,061,284 479,184 608,799 Geoscape® American Marketscape DataStreamTM Segmentation Matrix Summary Percents Hispanic Life Stage HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment Youngsters (0-17) College Age (18-24) Workforce (25-54) Pre-Retirees (55-64) Retirees (65+) HA1: Americanizado 5.4% 1.6% 6.8% 0.9% 0.9% HA2: Nueva Latina 8.6% 3.1% 11.9% 1.7% 1.6% HA3: Bi-Cultural 8.7% 2.8% 12.1% 1.6% 1.5% HA4: Hispano 5.4% 1.8% 7.4% 1.1% 1.0% HA5: Latinoamericana 4.4% 1.6% 6.0% 0.9% 1.2% ® TM Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream Segmentation Matrix Summary Indices Hispanic Life Stage HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment Youngsters (0-17) College Age (18-24) Workforce (25-54) Pre-Retirees (55-64) Retirees (65+) HA1: Americanizado 106.3 94.9 98.6 95.1 90.7 HA2: Nueva Latina 98.1 107.3 100.2 100.0 95.7 HA3: Bi-Cultural 100.2 95.2 102.6 96.2 92.6 HA4: Hispano 99.7 99.3 100.0 106.0 96.5 HA5: Latinoamericana 96.7 101.8 96.1 105.4 136.8 Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 32
  • 33. Hispanicity™ & Country of Origin Matrix Hispanicity™ by Country of Origin shows that Puerto Ricans are the most acculturated group and Central Americans are the least acculturated overall. ® TM Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream Segmentation Matrix Summary Population Counts Hispanic Country of Origin HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Dominican South American Central American HA1: Americanizado 5,772,394 965,705 153,042 76,418 339,700 227,797 HA2: Nueva Latina 9,127,116 1,693,170 368,151 290,067 874,089 802,115 HA3: Bi-Cultural 9,394,721 1,234,726 257,693 358,820 909,204 1,193,180 HA4: Hispano 6,093,830 463,237 202,438 262,998 483,647 894,361 HA5: Latinoamericana 5,052,542 205,768 364,316 254,353 368,339 883,541 ® TM Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream Segmentation Matrix Summary Percents Hispanic Country of Origin HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Dominican South American Central American HA1: Americanizado 11.6% 1.9% 0.3% 0.2% 0.7% 0.5% HA2: Nueva Latina 18.4% 3.4% 0.7% 0.6% 1.8% 1.6% HA3: Bi-Cultural 19.0% 2.5% 0.5% 0.7% 1.8% 2.4% HA4: Hispano 12.3% 0.9% 0.4% 0.5% 1.0% 1.8% HA5: Latinoamericana 10.2% 0.4% 0.7% 0.5% 0.7% 1.8% ® TM Geoscape American Marketscape DataStream Segmentation Matrix Summary Indices Hispanic Country of Origin HispanicityTM /Acculturation Segment Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Dominican South American Central American HA1: Americanizado 107.1 139.2 74.8 40.5 75.1 37.5 HA2: Nueva Latina 97.0 139.8 103.1 88.0 110.7 75.5 HA3: Bi-Cultural 98.4 100.5 71.1 107.2 113.5 110.7 HA4: Hispano 101.5 59.9 88.8 124.9 95.9 131.9 HA5: Latinoamericana 99.1 31.4 188.2 142.3 86.1 153.5 Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2011 Series. 33
  • 34. Micro Targeting by Hispanicity™ Dimensions Pinpoint exactly where to find Hispanicity™ dimensions by block group, census tract and ZIP. Copyright© Geoscape®, www.geoscape.com, 1 (888) 211-9353. Source: Geoscape, American Marketscape DataStream: 2010 Series. 34