The document discusses the history of child labor during the Industrial Revolution and modern times. During the Industrial Revolution, children as young as 6 years old worked long hours in dangerous factories for low pay. While laws were passed in the late 1800s to regulate child labor, millions of children still work today, often in hazardous conditions, due to poverty. Many countries have laws against child labor but enforcement remains a challenge, and international efforts are needed to address the root causes and end exploitative child labor.

1. The Industrial Revolution (then) and modern times
(now)

2. The Industrial Revolution
 The Industrial Revolution started in the late 19th century
 Power-driven machines (water wheels, steam engines,
etc.) replaced hand labour in most businesses and
production lines
 Because of poverty, poor living conditions, low status of
women, unemployment, etc. many families sought after
work
 Many people, mostly children, worked long hours (12-18
hours a day, six days a week=$1.00) in dangerous work
environments for very little pay
 Since most of the children came from poor families the
parents couldn’t support them, which resulted in them
turning over their child/children to the mill or factory owner
 Many of the factories were damp, dark, and dirty, causing
sickness, death, and disablement to form among the
children

3. See, look how poor some
children were. They couldn’t
even afford shoes 

4. The Industrial Revolution
(Contd)
 Since the children worked so much they
didn’t have time for schooling or play
 By 1810, about 2,000, 000 school-age
children were working as child labourers
 There was one glass factory in
Massachusetts that was fenced with
barbed wire "to keep the young imps
inside." The "young imps" were boys under
12 who carried loads of hot glass all night
for a wage of 40 cents to $1.10 per night

5. The Resolution
 Labour groups, churches, teachers, and many other
people were outraged by such cruelty. They began
to press for reforms
 The English writer Charles Dickens helped publicize
the evils of child labour with his novel Oliver Twist
 Britain was one of the first to pass laws regulating
child labour, and from 1802 to 1878, a series of laws
gradually shortened the working hours, improved the
conditions, and raised the age at which children
could work
 In the U.S.A. it took many years to outlaw child
labour. Connecticut passed a law in 1813 saying that
working children must have some schooling. By
1899 a total of 28 states had passed laws regulating
child labour

6. Child Labour Today
 Today, more than 246 million children worldwide are engaged in some kind of
labour
 About 180 million of them are in hazardous conditions
 Children carry out ¼ of the world’s economic activity
 There are as many as 8.4 million children who are involved in the worst
forms of child labour
 These children are employed as child soldiers, rug weavers, beedie makers,
domestic workers, agricultural workers, etc.
 Some of these children are also prostituted, and/or subjected to the sex
trade
 Many appalling realities like poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, low wages,
ignorance, social prejudices, regressive traditions, poor standard of living,
backwardness, superstition, and low status of women have combined to give
birth to the terrible practice of child labour
 Poor children and their family members depend so much on little ones to
provide the basic necessities of life in the impoverished areas that it
becomes impossible for them to adhere to any laws and regulations
regarding child labour. We must also remember, that about one fifth of the
world’s six billion humans live in absolute poverty

7. The Secretariat

8. What’s Being Done About It
 In Alabama, The Alabama Child Labour Law was enacted to
protect working minors. The law prohibits youths from working
in occupations or places of employment, which could be harmful
to their health or moral well being. By regulating the hours
during which youths are allowed to work, the law ensures
minors sufficient time to take advantage of their educational
opportunities
 Under the new system, work permits are no longer required for
each minor employed. In its place, employers are required to
obtain a Child Labour Certificate in order to employ minors
 A Class I Certificate is required if employing 14 or 15 year olds
and a Class II Certificate is required if employing 16 or 17 year
olds
 Each location of a business employing minors must obtain the
proper certificate(s) in order to employ minors
 The costs of the Child Labour Certificates are $15 each and
shall be renewed annually

9. The Alabama Child Labour Law
 Gov. Bob Riley signs new child labour reforms into law at the
State Capitol following the 2009 Regular Session. From left
are Jeff and Debby Miller, Wayne Reeves, former president
of the Alabama Retail Assn., Sen. Quinton Ross (sponsor),
Gov. Riley, Jim Bennett, Labour Commissioner, Robin
Solitro, chief of the Child Labour Division, Brian Gates and
Adam Strickland, child labour inspectors

10. Child Labour Laws
 Kenya prohibits children under 16
from going to work in industries but
excludes agriculture
 Bangladesh also specifies a
minimum age to go to work, but
excludes agriculture and domestic
work

11. Stop Child Labour
 Projects related with human resource
development, dedicated to the child welfare
issues must be given top priority by the
central and state governments to stop child
labour
 Child labour laws need to be strictly
implemented at the central and state levels
 Corruption and carelessness in child labour
offices and employee circles should be
dealt with very strictly by the judiciary and
the police force

12. Similarities and Differences
 During both the Industrial Revolution and modern
times child labour was and still is present
 Laws were and are still being made to end child
labour
 Most children were and are still forced to work
because their families are so poor
 During the Industrial Revolution most of the children
worked in textile factories or coal mines
 Nowadays most child labour occurs in third world
countries and the children work as rug weavers,
domestic workers, agricultural workers, etc.

13. Summary
 Child labour has existed throughout
history, and it needs to come to an end
somehow
 The magnitude of child labour is quite
high in the poverty filled areas of the
world
 Many countries have made laws against
child labour, and have made programs
and other organizations to help diminish
it

14. Resources:
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3Fq%3Dchild%2Blabor%26start%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%
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child_labor.jpg
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 http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=5428