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Alternatives to Suspension


   Chris McEvoy
     2012-13
   Wayne RESA
Most Frequent Behavior Infractions
     that lead to Suspension in your School/District


1.
2.
3.
4.
Russ Skiba, 2006
Center for Evaluation and Educational Policy, Indiana University


  For what type of infractions are students getting
   suspended?

  “Looking across studies of school discipline, it is
    clear that school suspension tends not to be
    reserved for serious or dangerous behaviors.
    The majority of offenses for which students
    are suspended appear to be non-violent, less-
    disruptive (than fighting) offenses.”
Russ Skiba, 2006
• Suspension must be viewed as posing a risk to
  educational opportunity given the research on the
  central importance of academic engagement to
  learning.
   – MEAP/MI-ACCESS, Test Scores, AYP, Graduation Rates
• In some schools suspension may be used as a push-
  out tool to encourage low-achieving students and
  those viewed as troublemakers to leave school
  before graduation.
Russ Skiba, 2006

 • At the national level it has been estimated that the number of
   suspensions and expulsions has doubled since the 1970s.
 • 30-50% of students suspended are repeat offenders
    – “Suspension functions as a reinforcer...rather than
      as a punisher” (Tobin, Sugai & Colvin,1996)
 • Data shows that certain classrooms and schools appear to be
   responsible for a disproportionate share of disciplinary
   referrals. For example, in one middle school studied 25% of
   classroom teachers were responsible for 66% of all office
   referrals.
Russ Skiba
Recommendations for Practitioners

• Reserve zero tolerance disciplinary removals for
  only the most serious and severe of disruptive
  behaviors, and define those behaviors explicitly.
• Use a graduated system wherein consequences
  are geared to the seriousness of the infraction.
  Less serious offenses, such as classroom
  disruption, attendance-related behaviors, or even
  minor fights among students can be met with
  consequences that might range from parent
  contact, reprimands, community service, or
  counseling.
Reece Peterson Ph.D.
U. of Nebraska – Lincoln
On Suspension

We need to move away from the traditional idea
 that suspensions are “punishment.”

We need to develop a “teaching” orientation to the
 consequences we employ.

We also need to greatly expand the number and
 variety of consequences which are included to be
 more responsive to the variety of situations and
 needs related to student behavior.
Reece Peterson
Some Alternatives to Suspension
Mini Course Short units or modules on topics
 related to various types of inappropriate
 behavior. These could include readings, videos,
 workbooks, tests and oral reports.

 They could focus on topics from inappropriate
 language, sexual harassment, to alcohol/drug use,
 conflict resolution, social skill development, and
 many more. Once created, students could be
 assigned to complete the appropriate modules
 based on their offense.
Peterson, cont.
Some Alternatives to Suspension
Parent Supervision Ask the parent if they are willing to
 sit with the student while the student remains in
 school. May not be possible for some parents, but
 could be a valuable option.
Counseling Student is assigned to a professional (SSW,
 counselor, school psychologist) to problem solve,
 identify skills for targeted intervention (e.g., anger
 management), or to work through problems or issues
 the student may have.
Community Service Community service tasks with
 appropriate supervision outside of school hours. Might
 include clean up crews or community agencies.
Peterson, cont.
Some Alternatives to Suspension
Behavior Monitoring Close monitoring using check
 sheets and some form of feedback between teacher
 and parent.
Restitution Student is assigned work which would
 repair or restore the physical environment, could
 include projects to clean or make the school more
 attractive.
Problem solving or Behavioral Contract Defined
 procedure for behavioral problem-solving (e.g.,
 reflection sheets) and then creating a behavioral
 contract that includes positive consequences for
 successful completion.
Peterson, cont.
Some Alternatives to Suspension

• Programming Alternatives For some students,
  especially at the secondary level, it may be
  possible to change the student’s schedule,
  classes or program which would avoid problem
  environments or situations, but yet permit
  continued access to the curriculum and school.
• Appropriate In-school Suspension ISS should
  continue academic or other instruction, but also
  focus on solving the problem that resulted in the
  student being sent there.
Additional Alternatives to Suspension
•   Loss of privileges: home or school
•   Written apology
•   Time-out: from one period to rest of school day
•   Detention: after school, lunch detention,
    Saturday detention
•   Assignment to an adult mentor
•   Positive Contingency Contracts
•   Send Homes in a Behavior Plan
•   Referral to Community Mental Health
Reece Peterson
Implementation Strategy: School-based Approach


 “It is possible for a school-wide team to
  identify lots of creative ideas for alternatives
  (to suspension) and it is best if these emerge
  from the culture of a particular school.”

 “This will also build the support for these
   alternatives among teachers, staff, students
   and parents.”
PBIS Approach
1.   Look at your data
2.   Make meaning of it
3.   Develop a plan/Implement
4.   Evaluate – e.g., take data on the use of
     suspension alternatives

Look at the systems that support the practice.

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Alternative to suspension_20120725_110927_5

  • 1. Alternatives to Suspension Chris McEvoy 2012-13 Wayne RESA
  • 2. Most Frequent Behavior Infractions that lead to Suspension in your School/District 1. 2. 3. 4.
  • 3. Russ Skiba, 2006 Center for Evaluation and Educational Policy, Indiana University For what type of infractions are students getting suspended? “Looking across studies of school discipline, it is clear that school suspension tends not to be reserved for serious or dangerous behaviors. The majority of offenses for which students are suspended appear to be non-violent, less- disruptive (than fighting) offenses.”
  • 4. Russ Skiba, 2006 • Suspension must be viewed as posing a risk to educational opportunity given the research on the central importance of academic engagement to learning. – MEAP/MI-ACCESS, Test Scores, AYP, Graduation Rates • In some schools suspension may be used as a push- out tool to encourage low-achieving students and those viewed as troublemakers to leave school before graduation.
  • 5. Russ Skiba, 2006 • At the national level it has been estimated that the number of suspensions and expulsions has doubled since the 1970s. • 30-50% of students suspended are repeat offenders – “Suspension functions as a reinforcer...rather than as a punisher” (Tobin, Sugai & Colvin,1996) • Data shows that certain classrooms and schools appear to be responsible for a disproportionate share of disciplinary referrals. For example, in one middle school studied 25% of classroom teachers were responsible for 66% of all office referrals.
  • 6. Russ Skiba Recommendations for Practitioners • Reserve zero tolerance disciplinary removals for only the most serious and severe of disruptive behaviors, and define those behaviors explicitly. • Use a graduated system wherein consequences are geared to the seriousness of the infraction. Less serious offenses, such as classroom disruption, attendance-related behaviors, or even minor fights among students can be met with consequences that might range from parent contact, reprimands, community service, or counseling.
  • 7. Reece Peterson Ph.D. U. of Nebraska – Lincoln On Suspension We need to move away from the traditional idea that suspensions are “punishment.” We need to develop a “teaching” orientation to the consequences we employ. We also need to greatly expand the number and variety of consequences which are included to be more responsive to the variety of situations and needs related to student behavior.
  • 8. Reece Peterson Some Alternatives to Suspension Mini Course Short units or modules on topics related to various types of inappropriate behavior. These could include readings, videos, workbooks, tests and oral reports. They could focus on topics from inappropriate language, sexual harassment, to alcohol/drug use, conflict resolution, social skill development, and many more. Once created, students could be assigned to complete the appropriate modules based on their offense.
  • 9. Peterson, cont. Some Alternatives to Suspension Parent Supervision Ask the parent if they are willing to sit with the student while the student remains in school. May not be possible for some parents, but could be a valuable option. Counseling Student is assigned to a professional (SSW, counselor, school psychologist) to problem solve, identify skills for targeted intervention (e.g., anger management), or to work through problems or issues the student may have. Community Service Community service tasks with appropriate supervision outside of school hours. Might include clean up crews or community agencies.
  • 10. Peterson, cont. Some Alternatives to Suspension Behavior Monitoring Close monitoring using check sheets and some form of feedback between teacher and parent. Restitution Student is assigned work which would repair or restore the physical environment, could include projects to clean or make the school more attractive. Problem solving or Behavioral Contract Defined procedure for behavioral problem-solving (e.g., reflection sheets) and then creating a behavioral contract that includes positive consequences for successful completion.
  • 11. Peterson, cont. Some Alternatives to Suspension • Programming Alternatives For some students, especially at the secondary level, it may be possible to change the student’s schedule, classes or program which would avoid problem environments or situations, but yet permit continued access to the curriculum and school. • Appropriate In-school Suspension ISS should continue academic or other instruction, but also focus on solving the problem that resulted in the student being sent there.
  • 12. Additional Alternatives to Suspension • Loss of privileges: home or school • Written apology • Time-out: from one period to rest of school day • Detention: after school, lunch detention, Saturday detention • Assignment to an adult mentor • Positive Contingency Contracts • Send Homes in a Behavior Plan • Referral to Community Mental Health
  • 13. Reece Peterson Implementation Strategy: School-based Approach “It is possible for a school-wide team to identify lots of creative ideas for alternatives (to suspension) and it is best if these emerge from the culture of a particular school.” “This will also build the support for these alternatives among teachers, staff, students and parents.”
  • 14. PBIS Approach 1. Look at your data 2. Make meaning of it 3. Develop a plan/Implement 4. Evaluate – e.g., take data on the use of suspension alternatives Look at the systems that support the practice.