6. The culture of the Philippines reflects
the country's complex history. It is a
blend of the Malayo-Polynesian and
Hispanic cultures, with influences from
Indian and Chinese.
7. RELIGION
he Philippines is one of two predominantly Roman Catholic
nations in Asia-Pacific, the other being East Timor. From a
census in 2000, Catholics constitute 80.9%, with Aglipayan
followers at 2%, Evangelical Christians at 2.8%, Iglesia Ni
Cristo at 2.3%, and other Christian denominations at 4.5%.
Islam is the religion for about 5% of the population, while
1.8% practice other religions. The remaining 0.6 did not
specify a religion while 0.1% are irreligious.
Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the introduction of
Roman Catholicism and Western culture in the 16th
century, the indigenous Austronesian people of what is now
called the Philippines were adherents of a mixture of
shamanistic Animism, Islam, Hinduism and Vajrayana
Buddhism.
8. FILIPINO ARTS
Arts of the Philippines cover a variety of forms of
entertainment. Folk art and ethnographic art
consist of classic and modern features that
flourished as a result of European and Indigenous
influences.
LITERATURE
The literature of the Philippines illustrates the
Prehistory and European colonial legacy of the
Philippines, written in both Indigenous and Hispanic
writing system. Most of the traditional literatures of
the Philippines were written during the Mexican and
Spanish period. Philippine literature is written in
Spanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native
Philippine languages.
9. EDUCATION
Education in the Philippines has been influenced by Western and Eastern
ideology and philosophy from the United States, Spain, and its
neighbouring Asian countries. Philippine students enter public school at
about age four, starting from nursery school up to kindergarten. At about
seven years of age, students enter elementary school (6 to 7 years). This is
followed by high school (5 years). Students then take the college entrance
examinations (CEE), after which they enter college or university (3 to 5
years). Other types of schools include private school, preparatory school,
international school, laboratory high school, and science high school. Of
these schools, private Catholic schools are the most famous. Catholic
schools are preferred in the Philippines due to their religious beliefs. Most
Catholic schools are unisex. The uniforms of Catholic schools usually have
an emblem along with the school colors.
The school year in the Philippines starts in June and ends in March, with a
two-month summer break from April to May, two-week semestral break
in October and Christmas and New Year's holidays.
10. TRADITIONAL FILIPINO GAMES
One Traditional Filipino game is luksong tinik. A very popular game to
Filipino children where one has to jump over the tinik and cross to the
other side unscathed.[18] Other traditional Filipino games include yo-yo,
piko, patintero, bahay kubo, pusoy, and sungka. Tong-its is a popular
gambling game. Individuals play the game by trying to get rid of all the
cards by choosing poker hands wisely. Sungka is played on a board
game using small sea shells in which players try to take all shells. The
winner is determined by who has the most shells at the point when all
small pits become empty.[19] Filipinos have created toys using insects
such as tying a beetle to string, and sweeping it circular rotation to
make an interesting sound. The "Salagubang gong" is a toy described
by Charles Brtjes, an American entomologist, who traveled to Negros
and discovered a toy using beetles to create a periodic gong effect on a
kerosene can as the beetle rotates above the contraption.[20
11. MUSIC
The early music of the Philippines featured a mixture of Indigenous, Islamic
and a variety of Asian sounds that flourished before the European and
American colonization in the 16th and 20th centuries. Spanish settlers and
Filipinos played a variety of musical instruments, including flutes, guitar,
ukelele, violin, trumpets and drums. They performed songs and dances to
celebrate festive occasions. By the 21st century, many of the folk songs and
dances have remained intact throughout the Philippines. Some of the
groups that perform these folk songs and dances are the Bayanihan,
Filipinescas, Barangay-Barrio, Hariraya, the Karilagan Ensemble, and groups
associated with the guilds of Manila, and Fort Santiago theatres. Many
Filipino musicians have risen prominence such as the composer and
conductor Antonio J. Molina, the composer Felipe P. de Leon, known for his
nationalistic themes and the opera singer Jovita Fuentes.
Modern day Philippine music features several styles. Most music genres are
contemporary such as Filipino rock, Filipino hip hop and other musical
styles. Some are traditional such as Filipino folk music.
12. INDIGENOUS GROUPS
The Indigenous peoples of the Philippines consist of a large number
of Austronesian ethnic groups. They are the descendants of the
original Austronesian inhabitants of the Philippines, that settled in
the islands thousands of years ago, and in the process have retained
their Indigenous customs and traditions. The highland peoples are a
primitive ethnic group like other Filipinos, although they did not, as
a group, have as much contact with the outside world. These
peoples displayed a variety of native cultural expressions and
artistic skills. They showed a high degree of creativity such as the
production of bowls, baskets, clothing, weapons and spoons. These
peoples ranged from various groups of Igorot people, a group that
includes the Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Isneg, Kalinga and Kankana-ey,
who built the Rice Terraces thousands of years ago. They have also
covered a wide spectrum in terms of their integration and
acculturation with Christian Filipinos.
13. CUISINE
Filipinos cook a variety of foods influenced by Western and Asian cuisine. The
Philippines is considered a melting pot of Asia. Eating out is a favorite Filipino pastime.
A typical Pinoy diet consists at most of six meals a day;
breakfast, snacks, lunch, snacks, dinner, and again a midnight snack before going to
sleep. Rice is a staple in the Filipino diet, and is usually eaten together with other
dishes. Filipinos regularly use spoons together with forks and knives. Some also eat with
their hands, especially in informal settings, and when eating seafood. Rice, corn, and
popular dishes such as adobo (a meat stew made from either pork or chicken), lumpia
(meat or vegetable rolls), pancit (a noodle dish), and lechón (roasted pig) are served on
plates. Other popular dishes brought from Spanish and Southeast Asian influences
include afritada, asado, chorizo, empanadas, mani (roasted peanuts), paksiw (fish or
pork, cooked in vinegar and water with some spices like garlic and pepper), pan de sal
(bread of salt), pescado frito (fried or grilled fish), sisig, torta (omelette), kare-kare (oxtail stew), kilawen, pinakbet (vegetable stew), pinapaitan, and sinigang (tamarind soup
with a variety of pork, fish, or prawns). Some delicacies eaten by some Filipinos may
seem unappetizing to the Western palate include balut (boiled egg with a fertilized
duckling inside), longanisa (sweet sausage), and dinuguan (soup made from pork blood).
15. Some “surface culture” attributes of my Mexican-American background
includes kissing family and close “Latino” friends on the cheek as a
greeting, eating tamales during Christmas, and cracking eggs shells on
family members heads during Easter. I guess the surface culture is more
reflective during holiday celebrations. In “mainstream” America, we
hand-shake someone if we don’t really know them and hug them if they
are close friends. One of the challenging experiences I faced as a
foreigner in Argentina was kissing students on the cheek, though I do it
with my family and close “Latino” friends; I would never do it with the
students I teach. In addition, they would always want to kiss me (all 13
of them) as they walked into the classroom, whereas I was focused on
getting the props ready for my lesson and each time I had to kiss one of
them I had to stop what I was doing. Eventually, I made sure I was
prepared before they came and would “make time” to kiss them with a
greeting.
16. Some “deep culture” attributes of my MexicanAmerican background are interesting because they
include a “Latino” side and an “American” side. For
instance, being part of a close-knit Mexican family we
are very warm and welcoming with “anybody” that
any member of the family brings to our home
(whether its my home, my grandmas, or my uncles).
Its not something we’re explicit about we are just
that way. Another unspoken attribute of American
culture is that we say what we mean and we mean
what we say, along with being somewhat punctual.
For instance, when I was in Ecuador visiting my
husbands family (his other half) we planned a dinnerdate with his cousin and wife at 8PM.
18. Within each culture are sub-cultures, which form in
response to the dominant culture as a means of
distinguishing themselves within the context of the larger
group. Members of a sub-culture have an even more
specific set of shared traits which they use to identify
themselves, and thus their culture is made more explicit in
relation to the dominant culture. Although every American
citizen is part of American society, ethnic sub-cultures exist
as a result of people from all over the world immigrating to
this country in order to find prosperity. These sub-cultures
are explicitly different from the dominant American culture
based on their language or dress, whereas the more implicit
facets of the sub-culture include a specific ethnic cuisine or
religious tradition they practice as part of their sub-cultural
identification.
19. Some of the more explicit facets of a specific sub-culture are
often displayed as discrete aspects of an individual's identity.
For example, having a concept of privacy varies widely from
each culture, and the formation of a sub-culture often
reinforces that need for discretion amongst the wider, more
homogenous dominant culture. Creating diversions through
art, games or jokes is another explicit facet of sub-cultural
universals. Each human society fills a need for entertainment
through these methods, and fills that need in accordance with
the cultural specificities of a given society, culture or subculture. They are explicit in nature because they are often the
most
pronounced
aspects
of
a
sub-cultural
20. A PPESENTATION IN
MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION
(ELECTIVE 1)
SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. MARK LLANTO
SUBMITTED BY:
BANGCAS, GIE ANN
BANGCAS, JOANNAH ROSE
BUYOC, ANGEMEL
CANONEO, GEY MARRIE
DALUMATAN, ALDREN JADE
RHEA OF BIO-SCI
BSED- TLE 3
