2. England (The Tudors &
Parliament)
• Power was maintained far
differently in England than
in France and Spain.
• Tudor dynasty reigned from
1485-1603.
• Henry VII believed in
divine right
• Elizabeth I was popular and
successful thanks to good
Parliamentary relations.
3. English Parliament
• House of Lords: • House of Commons
– Upper house – Lower house
– Hereditary rule or – Democratically
appointed(elegido) by elected body.
sovereign(soberano) – Prime Minister leads
– Lord Spiritual and this house.
Lord Temporal lead
this house.
4. England (The Stuarts &
Parliament) without a direct heir,
• When Elizabeth died
the throne passed to the Stuarts, the ruling
family of Scotland.
• James I, the first Stuart monarch forgot
Parliament and sought absolute rule.
• Leaders in the House of Commons (body of
Parliament) resisted his claim to divine right.
• In 1625, Charles I inherited the throne.
He wanted to be an absolute monarch. He
got more and more enemies as people were
sent to prison without trial.
• For 11 years, he ruled the nation without
Parliament. When he finally asked
Parliament for help to suppress a Scottish
and Irish rebellions, the parliament fought
against him.
5. Parliamentary Rebellion and
CivilWhen Parliament finally won, they
• War
started the greatest political
revolution in English history.
• Charles fought against the reforms
they proposed.
• When he attempted to arrest the most
radical leaders, they escaped and
formed an army.
• A civil war started, lasting from 1642-
1649. In the end, revolutionary forces
won.
• Oliver Cromwell led the New Model
Army for Parliament, and by 1647,
the king was in the hands of
parliamentary forces.
6. Execution of King Charles
• After the war, Parliament
sent King Charles to trial.
• He was condemned as
tyrant, traitor, and public
enemy, and beheaded
(decapitado)
• 1st time in history that a
monarch had been tried
and executed by his own
people.
• Sent clear message that in
England, no ruler could be
absolute and ignore the
law.
7. The Commonwealth
• After execution of Charles I,
House of Commons abolished
monarchy, House of Lords, and
Church of England.
• Declared England a republic
called the Commonwealth led by
Oliver Cromwell under a strict
military rule.
• Under the Commonwealth,
Puritans replaced the Church of
England. Strict piety.
• After Cromwell died,
Puritans(puritanos,en contra de
las imágenes) lost their power on
England.
8. Charles II
• Many English were tired of military
rule and strict Puritan ways
• After a decade of kingless rule,
Parliament invited Charles II to
return to England from exile.
• Unlike his father, Charles II was a
popular ruler who avoided his father’s
mistakes in dealing with Parliament.
• Restored Church of England and
promoted religious tolerance.
9. James II, William & Mary
• Charles II’s brother James II
inherited the throne.
• Unlike Charles II, he
wanted a Parliament and
the Catholic Church.
• Parliament invited his
Protestant daughter Mary
and her husband William of
Orange to become rulers of
England.
• When they arrived, James
left to France without
violence, that was the
Glorious Revolution.
10. English Bill of Rights
• Before they could be crowned,
William and Mary had to accept
several acts passed by Parliament that
became known as the English Bill of
Rights.
• It gave superiority of Parliament over
the monarchy.
• Monarch had to go to the
Parliament regularly but He
couldn`t take part .
• Also restored trial by jury and the
principle of habeas corpus in which
no one could be sent to prison
without first being charged
(acusado)with a specific crime.
• Created a limited monarchy.
Separated England from the rest of
Europe.
