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Geocoding news at the source
- 1. Geocoding news at the source Gerd Kamp dpa-infocom GmbH
- 2. Overview Motivation # News always happen in a spatio-temporal context # you want to attach that context as metadata to the news # The illustration of news via maps is common practice since ages # but typically different from putting pins into maps Current Status # started evangelizing within dpa in Q2/06 # geocoding our regional wires since 11/07 # geocoding places of stories as well as places in stories # manual process # with support systems integrated into the editorial systems © 2008 Gerd Kamp 2
- 3. Locations of news stories / Semantics (current status) A scope of a news story # is a geoname that is part of a (official administrative) hierarchical partition of a defined geographic extent, # representing the largest area wrt. the above hierarchy where this story is deemed relevant (by an editor) A variant of scopes are legal scopes Assigning geographic areas of relevance is something editors have been doing for ages # National wire vs. regional wire # Front section vs. local section © 2008 Gerd Kamp 3
- 4. Locations of news stories / Semantics (current status) A locus of a news story # is a geoname that is part of a set of geonames for a defined geographic extent # representing the smallest area wrt. the above set where (the) events of this story are happening / have happened / are going to happen A place of production of a news story # is either a geoname or address or lat/lon © 2008 Gerd Kamp 4
- 5. Location within news A location in a (news) story is a location directly or indirectly mentioned in the news story itself # typically not geographic names but rather addresses, street segments, blocks, or POIs # not all geographic entities are necessarily identified # relevance # ranking © 2008 Gerd Kamp 5
- 6. Geonames A geographic name # is a name applied to a geographic feature. It is the proper name, specific term, or expression by which a particular geographic entity is, or was, known. A geographic entity is any relatively permanent part of the natural or manmade landscape or seascape that has recognizable identity within a particular cultural context. # A geographic name, then, may refer to any place, feature, or area on the Earth's surface, or to a related group of similar places, features, or areas. # Typically there are national bodies defining geonames # U.S. Board for Geographic Names # Ständiger Ausschuss für Geographische Namen # New players are entering the game (e.g. Geonames, YahooLocation Platform) © 2008 Gerd Kamp 6
- 7. Hierarchical partition (current draft definition) A hierarchical partition of scopes of a geographic extent e is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with the following properties: # There is a single source s_top (the top level scope) with a geographic extent being coterminous with the geographic extent (using coterminous as having matching boundaries interpretation # every scope has a property denoting its level in the hierarchy with the top level scope having the level 1 # for any given point p in e there is at least one corresponding scope s_point at some level in the DAG # for every scope that has more than one successor the geographic extent of set of successors is coterminous with the geographic extent of this scope # for every scope that has more than one predecessor the geographic extent of set of predecessors is coterminous with the geographic extent of this scope © 2008 Gerd Kamp 7
- 8. Example A story about legislation in a state is assigned a statewide scope (although the dateline is the state capitol) © 2008 Gerd Kamp 8
- 9. Example A story about an accident within A with a driver coming from B © 2008 Gerd Kamp 9
- 10. Example (News Industry Text Format - NITF) <nitf xmlns:georss=quot;http://www.georss.org/georssquot;> <head> <title>Bayern München II schlägt Karlsruhe 3:1</title> <location class=quot;scopequot;> <region region-code=quot;09184000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>München <georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point> </region> <state state-code=quot;09000000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Bayern <georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point> </state> <country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country> </location> <location class=quot;scopequot;> <city city-code=quot;09162000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>München <georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point> </city> <state state-code=quot;09000000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Bayern <georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point> </state> <country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country> </location> <location class=quot;scopequot;> <city city-code=quot;08212000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Karlsruhe <georss:point>8.40437796821 49.0092142029</georss:point> </city> <state state-code=quot;08000000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Baden-Württemberg <georss:point>9.17871582656 48.7750805322</ georss:point> </state> <country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country> © 2008 Gerd Kamp 10
- 11. Example NITF (cont‘d) <location class=quot;addressquot;> Grünwalder Stadion, Grünwalder Straße, München, Germany <georss:point>11.566936 48.101078</georss:point> <city>München</city> <region>München</region> <state>Bayern</state> <country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country> </location> © 2008 Gerd Kamp 11
- 12. Next steps / To Do Gathering feedback Evangelizing within main stream media organizations How to represent best in GeoRSS , KML, ... # multiple locations # locations of different types and classes Working toward a generally available ontology of geonames / a framework for describing ontology Investigatiing connections to /applications from # computational geometry # qualitative spatial reasoning to geoname based graphs / ontologies © 2008 Gerd Kamp 12