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The structure of the Financial Model
         ファイナンスモデルの構造
〜step forward to completion of the CCS project~
            CCS案件の具体化に向けて




        2012年9月3日(月)
       株式会社 国際協力銀行
    地球環境担当特命審議役 小野塚恭彦
The purpose of Financial Model
      ファイナンスモデル構築の目的および基本発想

• Propose the platform to build up common understanding. (共
  通の理解を構築するためのプラットフォームを提案)

• The model is made on WACC methodology based on the
  capital cost of investor. (投資家の資本コストを前提とし
  たWACC手法によりモデルを構築)

• The model provides practical ideas on how to make
  unfeasible CCS project feasible so IRR methodology should
  not be applied. (feasibleでないCCS案件をどうfea
  sibleにするか)
WACC and valuation

Revenue   NPV           Equity
                        unlevered
                                        Debt
          Revenue                                              NPV
                                                              Revenue
                                        Levered
                                         Equity                                 NPV
                                                                                Opex
                                                                                Capex

              U
          V           Rt /(1    ru )t
                  t
                                                  FIT

                                              Subsidy
                                                                         GAP

                                           EOR/CO2 Credit


                                                  L
                                           V                Rt /(1   rWACC )t
                                                      t 0
WACC
                   加重平均資本コスト

• WACC=“weighted average cost of capital”
• WACC is the rate at which discount project cash flow to
  compute NPV of project. (プロジェクトの現在価値を計
  算する際に使われるディスカウント率)
• WACC is the “hurdle rate” for investment decision.
  (投資判断のためのハードル・レート)
  IRR>WACC ⇒ NPV>0

     r   WACC
                ( E / A) r E     ( D / A) r D (1       )
Estimate WACC using
                    Betas
               ベータを利用したWACCの推計
                CAMP : r i       r     free
                                                                 MRP
                                                           i

The Rate of    Capi
tal Cost(%)
                                                       Market Risk Line

                         CAMP : r i   r              MRP
r   market
                                          free   i


rWACC




                                      Market Risk Premium                 Systematic risk
 r   free

                                      Risk-free Rate

        0                .7                                1.0                              β
                         5
Evaluate Risk and Return on CCS
              CCS案件の リスクとリターン評価
 To divide CCS into three different business and allocate
  capital costs for corresponding risks of each business (CCSを
  三つの異なる事業体と捉え、異なるリスク種類から想定
  される資本コストを設定)
 To assume β from similar business bearing corresponding risk
  in USA (見合いリスクを内在する同種ビジネスから想
  定)
    Generating(発電) 0.75
    Transform(輸送) 0.45 (=Natural Gas Pipeline)
    Storage(貯蔵)    1.05

 All the cost of Transform and Storage are transferred to
  Generating (輸送および貯蔵の全コストを発電部門で負
  担することを想定)
Now…

 CO2
Emission

                   CO2
                  Emissio
                    n
Target…
                          FIT           Credit


                         Subsidy      JBIC




                                CCS Portion
Carbon   Cap
 Tax     CO2                 Plant Cost
Plant Cost
LCOE Constituents
                                                                      LCOE Constituents (excluding subsidies)




                                          CCGT
                                                                                                                    FEED Capital Costs (excluding subsidies)
Generation & Capture Plants




                                                                                                                    Construction Capital Costs (excluding subsidies)



                                                                                                                    Fuel Costs
                                          IGCC


                                                                                                                    Operation & Maintenance Costs



                                                                                                                    CO2 Costs

                              PC - Supercritical
                                                                                                                    Transport Costs (excluding subsidies)



                                                                                                                    Storage Costs (excluding subsidies)
                                                   -   20   40   60    80     100     120   140   160   180   200

                                                                            $ / MWh
Implication of Case Study
           ケーススタディの意味するところ
•   CCSベースでのプラントコストの差は非常にマージナル。CCSの有る無しが特に大き
    く効いてくるのはPC−SC型の方が大きい。既存投資家との利害調整が特に必要。
     – PC-SC Boiler 127.89➡160.16 $/MWh
     – CCGT         115.62➡120.96 $/MWh

•   ありうべき諸方策
     – クリーンコール(含むCCS)技術に対する評価への働きかけ
        • 石炭火力発電に対する国際機関等の評価
       • 特に途上国(インドネシア、インド、ベトナム)における低品位石炭を利
         用した石炭火力発電とCCSの組み合わせ
    – CO2償却コストベースのクレジット
       • 亜臨界ベースとの比較でCO2削減効果とプラント価格差で割り戻したCO2㌧
         当たりの償却コストを算出。
    – ファイナンスコストの引き下げ
       • プロジェクト採算自体に影響は与えないものの、プロジェクトの収益の分
         け取りのところで投資家に有利な効果を齎す。特に市場コスト以下で投融
         資が可能な公的融資の意味合いは大きい。

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The Structure of the Financial Model – step forward to completion of the CCS project

  • 1. The structure of the Financial Model ファイナンスモデルの構造 〜step forward to completion of the CCS project~ CCS案件の具体化に向けて 2012年9月3日(月) 株式会社 国際協力銀行 地球環境担当特命審議役 小野塚恭彦
  • 2. The purpose of Financial Model ファイナンスモデル構築の目的および基本発想 • Propose the platform to build up common understanding. (共 通の理解を構築するためのプラットフォームを提案) • The model is made on WACC methodology based on the capital cost of investor. (投資家の資本コストを前提とし たWACC手法によりモデルを構築) • The model provides practical ideas on how to make unfeasible CCS project feasible so IRR methodology should not be applied. (feasibleでないCCS案件をどうfea sibleにするか)
  • 3. WACC and valuation Revenue NPV Equity unlevered Debt Revenue NPV Revenue Levered Equity NPV Opex Capex U V Rt /(1 ru )t t FIT Subsidy GAP EOR/CO2 Credit L V Rt /(1 rWACC )t t 0
  • 4. WACC 加重平均資本コスト • WACC=“weighted average cost of capital” • WACC is the rate at which discount project cash flow to compute NPV of project. (プロジェクトの現在価値を計 算する際に使われるディスカウント率) • WACC is the “hurdle rate” for investment decision. (投資判断のためのハードル・レート) IRR>WACC ⇒ NPV>0 r WACC ( E / A) r E ( D / A) r D (1 )
  • 5. Estimate WACC using Betas ベータを利用したWACCの推計 CAMP : r i r free MRP i The Rate of Capi tal Cost(%) Market Risk Line CAMP : r i r MRP r market free i rWACC Market Risk Premium Systematic risk r free Risk-free Rate 0 .7 1.0 β 5
  • 6. Evaluate Risk and Return on CCS CCS案件の リスクとリターン評価  To divide CCS into three different business and allocate capital costs for corresponding risks of each business (CCSを 三つの異なる事業体と捉え、異なるリスク種類から想定 される資本コストを設定)  To assume β from similar business bearing corresponding risk in USA (見合いリスクを内在する同種ビジネスから想 定)  Generating(発電) 0.75  Transform(輸送) 0.45 (=Natural Gas Pipeline)  Storage(貯蔵) 1.05  All the cost of Transform and Storage are transferred to Generating (輸送および貯蔵の全コストを発電部門で負 担することを想定)
  • 7. Now… CO2 Emission CO2 Emissio n
  • 8. Target… FIT Credit Subsidy JBIC CCS Portion Carbon Cap Tax CO2 Plant Cost Plant Cost
  • 9. LCOE Constituents LCOE Constituents (excluding subsidies) CCGT FEED Capital Costs (excluding subsidies) Generation & Capture Plants Construction Capital Costs (excluding subsidies) Fuel Costs IGCC Operation & Maintenance Costs CO2 Costs PC - Supercritical Transport Costs (excluding subsidies) Storage Costs (excluding subsidies) - 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 $ / MWh
  • 10. Implication of Case Study ケーススタディの意味するところ • CCSベースでのプラントコストの差は非常にマージナル。CCSの有る無しが特に大き く効いてくるのはPC−SC型の方が大きい。既存投資家との利害調整が特に必要。 – PC-SC Boiler 127.89➡160.16 $/MWh – CCGT 115.62➡120.96 $/MWh • ありうべき諸方策 – クリーンコール(含むCCS)技術に対する評価への働きかけ • 石炭火力発電に対する国際機関等の評価 • 特に途上国(インドネシア、インド、ベトナム)における低品位石炭を利 用した石炭火力発電とCCSの組み合わせ – CO2償却コストベースのクレジット • 亜臨界ベースとの比較でCO2削減効果とプラント価格差で割り戻したCO2㌧ 当たりの償却コストを算出。 – ファイナンスコストの引き下げ • プロジェクト採算自体に影響は与えないものの、プロジェクトの収益の分 け取りのところで投資家に有利な効果を齎す。特に市場コスト以下で投融 資が可能な公的融資の意味合いは大きい。