Healthy Yellow River by Scientific Water Resources Allocation
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Scientific water resources allocation is key to maintaining a healthy Yellow River. GWP China plans to: 1) Influence the rational water resources allocation mechanism and coordinate water rights trading. 2) Set up platforms for dialogue and capacity building between stakeholders and invite research institutions to establish assessment systems. 3) Facilitate agreement on water allocation quotas between the 9 provinces in the Yellow River basin. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the health of the Yellow River through scientifically set water allocation quotas.
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Healthy Yellow River by Scientific Water Resources Allocation
- 1. www.gwpchina.or Healthy Yellow River by Scientific Water Resources Allocation GWP China June, 2014
- 2. www.gwpchina.or I. Challenges to the Health of the Yellow River(YR) II. Key to the Healthy YR III. GWP China Plan for the Healthy YR IV. Expected Results
- 4. www.gwpchina.or High on the west and low on the east of the YR Basin: The head source on the west: 4000m+ altitude, perennial snow & glacier landforms; The central area: 1000-2000m altitude, the loess landform & soil erosion ； The east: the alluvial plain, river is higher than ground--flood threat.
- 5. www.gwpchina.or Precipitation mmRunoff 108 m3 Runoff Precipitation water sediment upstream midstream downstream
- 6. www.gwpchina.or • Disconnection of rivers and tributaries in the 20th century • Reduction of the water inflow to the ocean Water Inflow to Sea With water flow decrement of the Yellow River since 1980s, flowing process has changed and downstream stem has shrunk because of the reduction of water inflow to the ocean and a great quantity of sediment deposited.
- 7. www.gwpchina.or • Deterioration of river estuary Deterioration of water quality, land salinization, wetland shrink and loss of biological diversity • Conflicts of water use Conflicts of water use between eco-environment water use and socio-economic water use, as well as upstream and downstream, main stem and tributaries
- 8. www.gwpchina.or Rehabilitation Ecological Integration ServicesCommodities Healthy River Ecosystem Ecosystem Human Healthy River II. Key to the Healthy YR
- 9. www.gwpchina.or • Continuing river runoff; • Open and safe water and sediment channels; • Sustainable river ecosystem; • Good water quality; • Available water supply. Connotation of River Health
- 10. www.gwpchina.or Scientific water resources allocation between eco- environment and socio-economic development, as well as upstream and downstream, main stem and tributaries, is the key to maintain health of the Yellow River. Ecosystem Self-clean Channel configuration Agriculture Industry Domestic Key Scientific Water Resources Allocation
- 11. www.gwpchina.or 科学评估水资源 分配的实施效果 Rational water resources allocation mechanism Dialogue platform Water right trade Assessment III. GWP China Plans
- 12. www.gwpchina.or Allocation Quota Water Allocation Quota Water Allocation Quota Implementation PlanImplementation Plan Administr ation YRCCYRCC Provincial Water Depart. Provincial Water Depart. Person in charge Person in charge Obligation Description Obligation Description Bottom- up Plan Bottom- up Plan Impleme ntation Impleme ntation Progress Report Progress Report Policy Process Up- down Plan Up- down Plan • Influence rational water resources allocation mechanism
- 13. www.gwpchina.or • Coordinate the trade of water rights
- 14. www.gwpchina.or Platform Assessment Invite research institutions to set up assessment or evaluation systems Invite research institutions to set up assessment or evaluation systems Coordinatte NGOs, governments, river basin organizations, WUAs and other stakeholders Set up platform: HLRT, sessions, capacity building Coordinatte NGOs, governments, river basin organizations, WUAs and other stakeholders Set up platform: HLRT, sessions, capacity building • Set up platform & promote assessment system
- 15. www.gwpchina.or IV. Expected Results It is expected to facilitate to reach agreement on the water allocation quota, involving 9 provinces. Finally, we can contribute to maintain the health of the Yellow river through scientific water allocation quota.
Notes de l'éditeur
- The Yellow River is the second-longest river in Asia, following the Yangtze River, and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 km. It flows through nine provinces including Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong and with a catchment area of about 795,000 km2.
- Water resources is the key to the social and economic development as well as the ecosystem protection of the YR Basin. The annual water quantity of the YR is 70.66 billion cubic meters, merely accounting for 2.5% of the total national water quantity. The Yellow River Basin and its tributaries have been changed owing to climate change and human activities. The ground water of the river basin has been reduced by 11% from 1980 to 2012, comparing with that from 1956-1979.
- Its average discharge is around 2,110 cubic meters per second. However, since 1972, it often runs dry before it reaches the sea. Of total water quantity, the water volume of upstream accounts for 54% and midstream takes 39%. Total sediment load is 1.6 billion tons/year, of which upstream takes 3% and midstream takes 93% as descends from the Loess Plateau. The Yellow River has more sediment but less water. The downstream of the Yellow River is in the North China Plain. This area has wide flat, slow water flow and the sediment-laden river leads to the river 4 ~ 5 meters higher than both river sides. It has been well known as the suspending river.
- The Yellow River is the key source for the water supply to the northwest and northeast of China. Yet, the water volume of the YR only takes 2% of the total national water quantity which feeds the drinking water for the 12% of total national population, 17% of total farmland and 50 cities. Owing to the influence of natural problem and human behaviors, the YR had been always suffered from disconnection since 1972. The worst year was 1997, this station disconnected for 226 days, influencing 704 kilometers that accounting for 90% of the total runoff on the downstream.
- 受人类活动和气候变化共同影响，地表水资源量呈逐渐衰减趋势，但经济社会用水量呈增加趋势，黄河入海水量大幅度减少，河流生态环境用水被挤占。 入海水量减少，致使湿地面积萎缩、土地盐碱化加重、生物多样性减少。20世纪90年代，因严重断流，河口地区植被面积减少将近一半，鱼类减少40%，鸟类减少30%。 No enough water for ecosystem, self- cleaning, sediment carrying and channel configuration; Conflict between social-economic and ecosystem water demand; Conflict between provinces on the upstream and those on the downstream; Conflict between trunk and tributaries.
- In the past, a healthy river referred to the healthy indicator of river ecosystem, merely from the perspective of Biophysics. Now, the connotation of a healthy river refers to the balance between interests of human and those of other creatures of the river in the premise of the security of river life. The new connotation presents the integrated demand of society, economy and nature.
- Ecological Integration: support, maintain and balance the integrated adaptive ability of ecosystem to the nature. Rehabilitation: the ability to recover itself from interruption. Commodity: water supply to industry, agriculture, domestic lives and others. Services: fish production, drinking water supply, recycle and self-cleaning.
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- Rational water resources allocation mechanism Coordination platform: a. Set up coordination platform; b. Organize high-level roundtable. 3. Water right trade: a.How to promote water right trade;b. Satisfy the economic and social water demand without increasing the current water consumption quantity. 4. Assessment of water resources allocation implementation and the outcomes: a. Investigation; b. Dialogues and discussions; c. Setting up assessment system.
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- At cross-industrial level: agriculture, industry, commerce and cities to exchange water right; at administrative level: facilitate governments to evaluate the water share proportion between agriculture and industry before trade of water right
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- 1.Scientific evaluation systems for water use; 2.Rational water resources allocation mechanism; 3.Win-win trade of water rights; 4.Effective communications between provinces, industries and domestic users. FOR: to Facilitate to reach agreement on the water allocation quota, involving 9 provinces; to Contribute to maintain the health of the Yellow river through scientific water allocation quota.