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Water Security: 
Putting the Concept 
into Practice 
1
Key questions addressed in the BP 
1. What is WS? 
• dimensions 
• definition 
2. How does WS relate to IWRM? 
3. How to make WS operational?
Dimensions of WS 
• Literature lists many dimensions, depending on 
(narrow) disciplinary framing 
• Main elements 
• Ensuring availability of adequate and reliable water resources 
• Mitigating water-related risks (floods, droughts, etc.) 
• Avoiding conflicts 
• Dimensions 
• Economic 
• Social 
• Environmental 
3
Definition of WS 
• Most common definition used (Grey and Sadoff – 2007) 
“The availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, 
livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level 
of water related risks to people” 
• UN definition (UN-Water Analytical Brief - 2013) 
“The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate 
quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human 
well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection 
against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for 
preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability” 
• Decision of TEC was not to come with a new/own definition 
4
IWRM and WS 
• Water Security and IWRM are symbiotic 
– IWRM focuses on process / governance 
– Water Security specifies what we aim to achieve 
Water Security 
Defining water 
security 
Dimensions 
Indicators 
Targets 
Quantifying water 
security 
Present situation 
Measures 
Scoring 
IWRM in the Planning Cycle
Quantifying WS 
• Why? 
• Full WS can never be achieved 
• But we can increase WS 
• How much? – quantification needed 
• Two approaches 
• Developmental approach 
• Risk-based approach 
6
• Applied at country level for 
ADB countries 
• some pilot applications at river 
basin scale 
• For GWP also applied to 
selected countries in other 
regions 
7 
Example of 
Development approach: 
AWDO 2013
Building blocks for quantifying WS 
• Inspired by approach AWDO 2013 
• Users are given the freedom to adapt the 
framework to their specific needs 
• Elements: 
• Vision / goals 
• Key Dimensions (KDs) 
• Indicators 
• taking IWRM criteria (3 E’s) into account 
8
Water Security 
Framework 
• Key dimensions 
• IWRM criteria 
-economic efficiency 
-social equity 
-environ. sustainability 
Case 
Selected indicators 
for 5 Key 
Dimensions 
= filling in of table 
xxx 
Issues 
Stake-holders 
DM’s 
Step 1: Select relevant 
indicators 
Step 2: Determine 
actions and assess 
impacts 
Step 3: Show indices 
for presentation and 
decision making 
Quantification / 
scoring on 
indicators 
Presentation 
(example) 
- data 
- analysis 
- expert judgement Performance indicators Base 
unit 2010 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021 
General 
Population (medium scenario) 1000 people 2.780 - - 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198 
- urban 1000 people 1.760 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143 
- rural 1000 people 1.020 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 
urban ratio % 63,3% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0% 
Storage capacity in reservoirs MCM 
Water for people 
% people access to safe drinking water % 50,0% 63,0% 72,7% 
% people access to sanitation facilities % 
Water for food 
Irrigation area 1000 ha 
# animal water points # 
Water for industry, mining and energy 
Water supplied to mining % 
Water supplied to industry % 
Hydropower generated KWh 
Water for environment 
Protected watershed area km2 
Number of springs/sources protected # 
Capacity WWTP inh-equiv. 
Water treatment level UB 0-10 
Enabling institutional and managerial setting 
Institutional capacity 
central level 0-10 
riverbasin level 0-10 
Policy and legal situation 0-10 
Assessment capacity (observation network) 
Monitoring situation surface water 0-10 
Monitoring situation groundwater 0-10 
Implementation costs 
Investment level MNT/yr 
Targets 
Alternative strategies 
Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 
Decision 
making
Example: Brantas - Indonesia 
Application of WS 
To show the present 
status (how good are 
we?) 
To show how better we 
will perform if we 
implement measures 
To compare with other 
countries Green: before-after plan 
Red: Indonesia
AWDO comparison 2013 
Asian countries 
New Zealand 
Indonesia 
Afghanistan
Or a scorecard 
12
Main messages of this BP 
1. What is WS? 
• Multiple dimensions to be considered together 
• Working definition of WS is provided 
2. How does WS relate to IWRM? 
• IWRM process can increase WS 
3. How to make WS operational? 
• Choose developmental or risk-based approach 
• Determine scale and purpose of analysis 
• Choose appropriate key dimensions & indicators

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Water Security - Putting the Concept into Practice. By Eelco van Beek.

  • 1. Water Security: Putting the Concept into Practice 1
  • 2. Key questions addressed in the BP 1. What is WS? • dimensions • definition 2. How does WS relate to IWRM? 3. How to make WS operational?
  • 3. Dimensions of WS • Literature lists many dimensions, depending on (narrow) disciplinary framing • Main elements • Ensuring availability of adequate and reliable water resources • Mitigating water-related risks (floods, droughts, etc.) • Avoiding conflicts • Dimensions • Economic • Social • Environmental 3
  • 4. Definition of WS • Most common definition used (Grey and Sadoff – 2007) “The availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water related risks to people” • UN definition (UN-Water Analytical Brief - 2013) “The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability” • Decision of TEC was not to come with a new/own definition 4
  • 5. IWRM and WS • Water Security and IWRM are symbiotic – IWRM focuses on process / governance – Water Security specifies what we aim to achieve Water Security Defining water security Dimensions Indicators Targets Quantifying water security Present situation Measures Scoring IWRM in the Planning Cycle
  • 6. Quantifying WS • Why? • Full WS can never be achieved • But we can increase WS • How much? – quantification needed • Two approaches • Developmental approach • Risk-based approach 6
  • 7. • Applied at country level for ADB countries • some pilot applications at river basin scale • For GWP also applied to selected countries in other regions 7 Example of Development approach: AWDO 2013
  • 8. Building blocks for quantifying WS • Inspired by approach AWDO 2013 • Users are given the freedom to adapt the framework to their specific needs • Elements: • Vision / goals • Key Dimensions (KDs) • Indicators • taking IWRM criteria (3 E’s) into account 8
  • 9. Water Security Framework • Key dimensions • IWRM criteria -economic efficiency -social equity -environ. sustainability Case Selected indicators for 5 Key Dimensions = filling in of table xxx Issues Stake-holders DM’s Step 1: Select relevant indicators Step 2: Determine actions and assess impacts Step 3: Show indices for presentation and decision making Quantification / scoring on indicators Presentation (example) - data - analysis - expert judgement Performance indicators Base unit 2010 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021 General Population (medium scenario) 1000 people 2.780 - - 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198 - urban 1000 people 1.760 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143 - rural 1000 people 1.020 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 urban ratio % 63,3% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0% Storage capacity in reservoirs MCM Water for people % people access to safe drinking water % 50,0% 63,0% 72,7% % people access to sanitation facilities % Water for food Irrigation area 1000 ha # animal water points # Water for industry, mining and energy Water supplied to mining % Water supplied to industry % Hydropower generated KWh Water for environment Protected watershed area km2 Number of springs/sources protected # Capacity WWTP inh-equiv. Water treatment level UB 0-10 Enabling institutional and managerial setting Institutional capacity central level 0-10 riverbasin level 0-10 Policy and legal situation 0-10 Assessment capacity (observation network) Monitoring situation surface water 0-10 Monitoring situation groundwater 0-10 Implementation costs Investment level MNT/yr Targets Alternative strategies Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 Decision making
  • 10. Example: Brantas - Indonesia Application of WS To show the present status (how good are we?) To show how better we will perform if we implement measures To compare with other countries Green: before-after plan Red: Indonesia
  • 11. AWDO comparison 2013 Asian countries New Zealand Indonesia Afghanistan
  • 13. Main messages of this BP 1. What is WS? • Multiple dimensions to be considered together • Working definition of WS is provided 2. How does WS relate to IWRM? • IWRM process can increase WS 3. How to make WS operational? • Choose developmental or risk-based approach • Determine scale and purpose of analysis • Choose appropriate key dimensions & indicators